急诊冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病的临床研究

目的 了解低渗非离子造影剂对行急诊冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者造影剂肾病(CIN)的发生率、危险因素及其对预后的影响.方法 接受急诊PCI治疗的AMI患者196例,均应用低渗非离子造影剂.分析造影剂对行PCI治疗患者的肾功能的影响,并对危险因素进行Logistic多因素回归分析.结果 196例患者中,发生CIN 38例(CIN组),未发生CIN158例(非CIN组),CIN的发生率为19.4%;CIN组中原有肾功能不全(基线肌酐清除率<1.0 ml/s)5例(13.2%),左心功能不全(LVEF<40%)16例(42.1%),与非CIN组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).造影剂的剂量CIN组为(331±167)ml,非CIN组为(247±126)ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Logistic多因素回归分析显示,肾功能不全、左心功能不全及造影剂的剂量是CIN的独立危险因素,住院期间及6个月随访期间,CIN组主要心脏不良事件发生率明显高于非CIN组(P<0.01).结论 CIN在AMI患者行急诊PCI治疗后发生率较高,原有肾功能不全、左心功能不全及造影剂的剂量是CIN的独立危险因素,CIN能增加主要心脏不良事件的发生率. 差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).造影剂的剂量CIN组为(331±167)ml,非CIN组为(247±126)ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);Logistic多因素回归分析显示,肾功能不全、左心功能不全及造影剂的剂量是CIN的独立危险因素,住院期间及6个月随访期间,CIN组主要心脏不良事件发生率明显高于非CIN组(P<0.01).结论 CIN在AMI患者行急诊PCI治疗后发生率较高,原有肾功能不全、左心功能不全及造影剂的剂量是 IN的独立危险因素,CIN能增加主要心脏不良事件的发生率. 差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).造影剂的剂量CIN组为(331±167)ml,非CIN组为(247±126)ml,两组比较差异有     

冠心病患者冠脉介入术后发生造影剂肾病的临床分析

[目的]探讨冠心病患者介入诊疗后造影剂肾病(CIN)发生的相关危险因素。[方法]选择360例接受PCI治疗的冠心病患者为研究对象,根据患者术后48h内的血清肌酐水平变化分为CIN组和非CIN组,并对相关危险因素进行分析。[结果]术后造影剂肾病组年龄≥70岁、术前血清肌酐(SCr)≥1.5mg/L、心功能≥3级、术中造影剂用量过大、围手术期未进行水化治疗明显高于肾功能正常组(P﹤0.05)。应用Logistic回归分析发现术后发生造影剂肾病的危险因素为年龄≥70岁、术前血清肌酐≥1.5mg/L、心功能≥3级、术中造影剂用量过大、围手术期未进行水化治疗(P﹤0.05,OR﹥1)。[结论]肾功能不全、糖尿病、造影剂剂量及高龄是PCI术后造影剂肾病发生的危险因素。     

影响血管造影术后急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的探讨分析影响血管造影术后急性肾损伤的危险因素。方法回顾性分析100例行血管造影术患者的临床资料,依据术后是否发生急性肾损伤分为对比剂肾病(CIN)组和对照组,比较两组的一般临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析血管造影术后急性肾损伤的危险因素。结果100例患者中,22例(22.00%)出现急性肾损伤;两组在年龄、合并症(糖尿病、高血压、高血脂)、术前肌酐水平、术前运用心血管药物及肾功能情况方面具有显著差异(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、合并症、术前运用心血管药物及肾功能不全均是血管造影术后急性肾损伤的危险因素。结论血管造影术后发生急性肾损伤与年龄、合并症、术前运用心血管药物及肾功能不全等均密切相关,临床应进行术前危险性预判并进行针对性防治。     

经皮冠状动脉介入诊疗术并发造影剂肾病的临床观察

目的：探讨经皮冠状动脉介入诊疗术对造影剂肾病（contrast-induced nephropathy,CIN）的影响。方法：回顾性分析2011年4月-2012年3月68例行冠状动脉造影术（CAG组）和63例行冠状动脉内支架植入术（PCI组）患者的临床资料,术前均接受水化治疗。分别检测术前1天和术后第3天的血清肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）,分析经皮冠状动脉介入诊疗术对患者肾功能的影响。结果：有1例行CAG患者发生CIN（发病率为1.47%）,有2例行PCI者发生CIN（发病率为3.17%）。结论：经皮冠状动脉介入诊疗术可导致造影剂肾病,PCI危害大于CAG,其原因可能与造影剂用量有关。     

前列地尔对冠状动脉介入诊疗术患者造影剂肾病的预防作用

目的 观察前列地尔对冠状动脉介入诊疗术患者造影剂肾病(CIN)的预防作用.方法 将215例接受冠状动脉介入诊疗术患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组(1 12例)和对照组(103例),对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上从术前1d开始给予前列地尔10 μg+0.9％氯化钠10ml静脉推注,每天2次,连用7～ 10d.观察两组的合并症及CIN发生情况等.结果 治疗组CIN发生率明显低于对照组[7.1％(8/112)比18.4％(19/103),P＜0.05].肾功能不全患者CIN发生率明显高于肾功能正常患者[51.6％(16/31)比6.0％(11/184),P＜0.01].糖尿病患者CIN发生率明显高于非糖尿病患者[22.1％(15/68)比8.2％(12/147),P＜ 0.01].结论 在行冠状动脉介入诊疗术前给予患者前列地尔能明显减少CIN的发生,要注意肾功能不全和糖尿病患者更易发生CIN.     

前列地尔对冠心病介入治疗患者造影剂肾病预防作用

目的分析前列地尔对接受择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的冠心病患者造影剂肾病(CIN)的预防作用。方法回顾性纳入2017年1月～2020年12月就诊于解放军总医院心血管病医学部第八医学中心心内科的702例接受择期PCI的冠心病患者,终点事件是CIN的发生,分别统计581例非CIN组及121例CIN组的描述性资料,建立多变量logistic回归模型,分析前列地尔对入组患者发生CIN的作用。结果依据血清肌酐(SCr)在使用造影剂后72 h内浓度变化情况,将所纳入患者分为CIN组及非CIN组。根据相关变量建立多因素逻辑回归模型,结果显示冠状动脉支架植入数、收缩压为CIN的危险因素,男性及使用前列地尔为CIN的保护因素。结论预防性地使用前列地尔可能对降低接受PCI的冠心病患者CIN的发生率有益。     

老年人造影剂肾病临床相关因素及预防措施

目的 探讨老年人造影剂肾病(contrast nephropathy,CN)的临床相关因素及预防措施.方法 回顾性分析老年住院患者使用造影剂后CN的发生率,分析比较CN组和无CN组临床资料.结果 153例老年人接受造影剂检查, 9.80%发生CN,肾功能正常者CN的发生率为1.85%,慢性肾功能不全者的发生率高达28.89%(P<0.05).结论 CN是老年人造影剂检查严重并发症之一,慢性肾功能不全是老年人发生CN的主要危险因素,早期给予积极而有效的预防措施及相应的处理对策十分必要.     

改良冠状动脉造影术的可行性研究

目的 通过对改良冠状动脉造影术和常规冠状动脉造影术检查的患者临床资料的对比观察,评价改良冠状动脉造影术临床应用的可行性、实用性及安全性.方法 2007年1月～2009年6月在笔者所在医院行冠状动脉造影检查患者980例,随机分为常规冠状动脉造影组494例（用三联三通,简称常规组）和改良冠状动脉造影组486例（未用三联三通）,比较两组X线照射时间、手术操作时间、手术成功率、冠状动脉并发症、材料费用、造影剂剂量、肾功能.结果 常规组和改良组患者X线照射时间分别为（7.4±3.1） min和（4.3±2.9） min（P〈0.01） 手术操作时间分别为（19.5±9.2） min和（12.1±8.3） min（P〈0.01） 手术成功率均为100%（P〉0.05） 冠状动脉并发症分别为4例和3例（P〉0.05） 材料费用分别为（1465.3±188.8）元和（1188.5±163.7）元（P〈0.01） 造影剂剂量为（42.5±6.3） ml和（32.9±6.1） ml（P〈0.01）.结论 改良冠状动脉造影术和常规冠状动脉造影术一样安全、有效,且更简单实用,值得临床推广.     

血糖水平与冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病发生的相关性分析

目的研究分析血糖水平与冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病发生的相关性。方法选取2011年3月-2014年3月于我院就诊的388例接受PCI手术的急性心肌梗死患者,按照血糖水平将其分为非糖尿病(非DM)组和糖尿病(DM)组,全部患者均进行冠状动脉介入治疗,分析血糖水平与造影剂肾病发生的相关性。结果两组患者治疗后,DM组造影剂肾病发生率为15.5%,非DM组造影剂肾病发生率为7.7%,组间比较具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血糖水平与冠状动脉介入治疗后造影剂肾病发病率曾正相关,高血糖是造影剂肾病的独立危险因素。     

老年患者行增强CT检查后发生造影剂肾病的危险性因素分析

目的研究分析老年患者性增强CT扫描后发生造影剂肾病的危险性因素,以指导老年人临床增强CT检查危险性评估。方法选取2013年9月~2015年9月在本院行胸腹部实质器官增强CT扫描且年龄>60岁的老年患者483例并建立临床档案,扫描前及扫描后72h采集空腹静脉血测血清肌酐含量,同时在扫描前后给予充分水化治疗,经血清肌酐检测判断CIN发生率并利用多因素Logistic做危险因素分析。结果经过单因素分析,发现性别、年龄、糖尿病、高血压、慢性心衰、基础肾病、基础Scr的升高等指标与老年患者行增强CT后出现造影剂肾病显著相关(P<0.05);多因素Logistic分析显示,高龄(>75岁)、基础肌酐水平升高、糖尿病、基础肾病及慢性心衰为老年患者行增强CT后出现造影剂肾病的危险因素。同时包含不同危险因素数量多的患者罹患CIN的比率更高。结论对于欲行增强CT的高龄患者,需充分了解其基础身体状况并做严格评估,特别对于含多种危险因素的老年患者更应谨慎对待。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine in relation to surface temperatures

The risk of heat exhaustion at a deep underground metalliferous mine was assessed in relation to thermal conditions prevailing on the surface. For each day of a 1-year prospective case series of heat exhaustion, surface 24-h mean wet and dry bulb temperatures were recorded. From this data, 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperatures were derived using certain assumptions. The three surface temperature variables were significantly higher on those days on which heat exhaustion occurred, compared to those days on which it did not occur (P < 0.001). The relative risk of heat exhaustion on days when the 24-h mean wet bulb globe temperature was in the range 26.0-28.0 degrees C was 4.82 (95% confidence interval 2.12-10.96). Surface temperature data could be used at this mine to warn miners about the risk of heat exhaustion.