500 kV起动/备用变压器继电保护探讨

随着我国电力事业发展,大容量坑口电厂和超高压远距离输电项目日益增多,为解决厂网分开后起动/备用变压器容量(基本)电费和起动/备用电源与厂用工作电源相角差问题,近几年来火力发电厂的起动/备用电源由厂内500 kV配电装置直接一级降压的项目越来越多,由于该回路额定工作电流极小而短路电流大,给起动/备用变压器保护整定以及电流互感器的选择带来了困难,通过对目前保护配置中存在的问题进行分析,提出了500 kV一级降压起动/备用变压器保护配置的解决方案.     

华东电网500kV变压器应急备用适用性判别方法的研究

在综合华东电网500 kV变压器备用适用性研究大量计算结论的基础上,探讨了根据变压器原始技术参数来直接进行变压器备用适用性判别的方法,提出了华东电网500 kV变压器备用适用性的判别准则和判别流程。作为该判别方法的具体应用,进行了安徽电网500 kV主变备用的系统适用性研究。     

500kV变电设备运行故障及处理措施分析

500kV电网是区域电网的主干网架,保证500kV电网安全可靠性运行对于电网公司具有重要意义。分析了500kV变电设备运行故障及处理措施,总结了500kV电力变压器的常见故障及处理方法,提出了500kV变压器运行中的巡视检查及反事故措施,研究了500kV并联电抗器故障判别方法。     

500kV大型油浸式电力变压器超铭牌容量运行风险控制

分析了500kV大型油浸式电力变压器超铭牌容量运行的危险性及限制条件,介绍了评估大型油浸式电力变压器正常周期性超铭牌容量运行和事故超铭牌容量运行能力的方法.     

出口苏丹500 kV自耦变压器的研制

介绍了出口苏丹500 kV电力变压器的设计研发和制造情况,包括基本参数、设计技术与工艺难点、解决方案等,给出了产品试验结果,现该产品在苏丹已挂网运行且运行良好,用事实证明国内变压器生产企业有能力制造出国际市场需求的500 kV级及以上的变压器产品.     

500kV电力变压器运行能力分析

提出了变压器超铭牌容量运行计算的边界条件,计算了500kV电力变压器的运行能力。     

500kV电力变压器事故与故障浅析

自1981年12月我国第一项500kV输变电工程——平武工程投运以来,截止1991年底,据不完全统计,相继投运的500kV电力变压器约为140台,总容量为3182.5万kVA,其中有82％的变压器为1984～1988年间投入运行的。我省的哈南500kV变电工程已于1992年12月投产,伊—冯—大500kV输变电工程正在筹建中,为其顺利投产和安全运行,吸取国内500kV电网的运行经验和教训是非常必要的。本文对500kV电力变压器的事故与故障进行浅析,便于吸取     

500kV起动/备用变压器继电保护探讨

随着我国电力事业发展,大容量坑口电厂和超高压远距离输电项目日益增多,为解决厂网分开后起动/备用变压器容量(基本)电费和起动/备用电源与厂用工作电源相角差问题,近几年来火力发电厂的起动/备用电源由厂内500 kV配电装置直接一级降压的项目越来越多,由于该回路额定工作电流极小而短路电流大,给起动/备用变压器保护整定以及电流互感器的选择带来了困难,通过对目前保护配置中存在的问题进行分析,提出了500 kV一级降压起动/备用变压器保护配置的解决方案。     

不同参数变压器并列运行可行性研究

变电站的变压器因故障退出运行,需使用备用变压器进行替换运行.为了确定备用变压器能否代替故障变压器与运行变压器并列运行,需对备用变压器与运行变压器的技术参数进行分析.根据变压器并列运行条件分别计算备用变压器与运行变压器的参数匹配情况,为不同参数变压器并列运行可行性研究提供依据.     

直流偏磁引起的500kV电力变压器振动和噪声的现场测量与分析

设计了500 kV单相电力变压器振动与噪声在线同步监测方案,并通过振动与噪声传感器及相应的数据采集和分析系统实现了对广东惠州500 kV变电站单相电力变压器直流偏磁条件下的振动与噪声的实时监测。监测得到了500 kV电力变压器外壳上典型位置在直流偏磁前后的振动与噪声的时域波形数据,分析得到了500 kV单相变压器振动与噪声信号在直流偏磁前后的频率范围。试验结果表明:直流偏磁条件下电力变压器的振动与噪声幅值增加明显且频谱中出现了大量高次谐波,对于变压器的运行有着不利的影响。     

降压运行方式下换流变替换运行时电压电流及谐波特性分析

在直流输电工程中,当某台主换流变压器因故障退出运行而投入其备用变后将出现该换流站无相同类型换流变作为备用的情况.因此,对各站间的换流变替换运行进行研究显得十分必要.通过中国南方电网仿真实验室的EMTDC程序以及RTDS实时数字仿真系统仿真计算,笔者对直流系统降压运行情况下换流变替换运行时的电压电流特性以及谐波特性进行了...     

厂用电变压器满负荷并环运行讨论

针对厂用电变压器在并列操作过程中容易造成过负荷的情况,讨论了变压器在并列时由于各变比的差异而引起的循环功率,造成变压器负荷分配不合理的问题,介绍了使变压器在较佳的状态下运行,在不同运行工况所采用的调整手段,以及变压器在并列操作中应注意的问题。     

Protection and commissioning of multifunction digital transformer relays at medium voltage industrial facilities

The application of multifunction digital relays to protect medium voltage power transformers has become a common industrial practice. Industrial transformers, unlike utility transformers, frequently use neutral grounding resistors to limit ground current during faults to the 200-400-A level on medium voltage systems. This paper will discuss why these types of transformers require sensitive ground differential protection. The paper will also discuss the basics of transformer protection including phasing standards, through-fault withstand capability, differential/fusing/overcurrent protection, slope, current transformer (CT) requirements, and harmonic restraint, and communicating these properly to new digital relays. The rationale for providing transformer overexcitation protection on all major transformers within mill facilities is also addressed. Advancements in digital technology have allowed relay manufacturers to include more and more relay functions within a single hardware platform as well as address increasingly more transformer winding configurations. This has resulted in digital transformer relays requiring an Einstein to set and an Edison to commission. Since there are few Einsteins or Edisons among us, the next generation of transformer relays needs to concentrate on this complexity issue in addition to technical improvements. This paper addresses these issues that the author believes are the major shortcomings of existing digital transformer protective relays.     

中低压直流变压器拓扑与控制综述

直流变压器作为直流电网中实现电压变换与电能分配的核心装备,其运行特性对直流电网影响深刻.基于此,对中低压直流电网中直流变压器的研究现状进行了总结与分析.首先,简要阐述了直流变压器的基本功能和典型运行场景;考虑到拓扑是直流变压器适应不同电压等级应用场合的关键,从端口数量和能量耦合方式的角度对直流变压器拓扑进行了分类,明确了各类拓扑的主要特征;其次,全面分析了直流变压器在稳态与暂态运行过程中包括效率优化、软启动、直流偏置电流抑制等方面的控制策略,有利于保障直流变压器在复杂工况下的高效可靠运行;然后,对直流变压器核心部件——高频变压器的关键技术进行了讨论,为高频变压器的选型和设计提供了参考;最后,对直流变压器未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

S11型配电变压器的技术经济分析及应用

阐述我国S11型配电变压器的发展过程，分析比较了卷铁芯和叠铁芯2种结构的优缺点，并对S11和S9型配电变压器的损耗参数进行比较。建立了S11型配电变压器技术经济分析的数学模型，对更换S9型和S7型配电变压器的投资回报以及使用S11型配电变压器对广电集团公司电网线损的贡献分别进行了分析和测算。计算表明S11型配电变压器具有非常可观的经济效益。S11型配电变压器的技术已趋成熟，生产已具规模，具备大批量采购的条件，建议新采购时应以S11型配电变压器为主，对于运行12a及以上的老旧S7型（或更早期的）配电变压器应考虑逐步更换。     

变压器空载电流非线性变化原因研究

变压器空载试验是诊断变压器铁芯故障的重要试验。文中通过对一台35 kV三相双绕组变压器空载试验以及在不同试验接线情况下空载试验数据的分析,研究了小容量高电压等级变压器空载试验时试验电压从0升高至规定试验电压过程中空载电流呈现先上升后下降再陡增的非线性变化现象。试验研究分析表明导致此类变压器出现该现象的主要原因是试验电压三相不平衡。变压器中性点接地时,零序电流是造成此现象的主要原因,而非传统文献认为的电容电流,研究结论对分析判断变压器空载电流变化具有参考意义。     

Differential Protection for Special Industrial Transformers

Power transformer differential protection has been used for decades on standard three-phase power transformers. However, special industrial transformers, such as 24-pulse converter transformers, could not typically be protected easily with the standard power transformer differential relays. The main reason is the nonstandard phase angle shift of 24-pulse converter transformers. Such 24-pulse converter transformers are often used in industrial and railway applications. This paper will show that it is possible to provide differential protection for such special transformers by using standard numerical transformer differential protection relays and external interposing current transformers (CTs). However, the external interposing CTs can be designed in a standardized way. This approach will significantly simplify the application of differential protection for special industrial transformers.     

变压器的经济运行方式

分析了电力变压器负荷与损耗的关系 ,通过计算 ,寻求变压器运行中降低变压器的有功功率损耗和提高其运行效率以及提高变压器电源侧功率因数的方法。通过对负荷电流与临界负荷电流进行比较 ,合理选择 35kV终端站和 10kV配电变压器的运行方式 ,达到减少变压器损耗的目的。     

An improved nonlinear thermal model for MV/LV prefabricated oil-immersed power transformer substations

The largest part of the investments of transmission and distribution systems is due to transformers used in changing the voltage level. The operating life of transformers is important due to their considerable economic impact on the power systems. To ensure the economical operation and secured service it is important to have knowledge about the insulation condition, operating life, and loading capacitance of transformer. The most important parameter in transformers life expectancy is the insulation temperature level, which accelerates the rate of aging of the insulation. The modeling of the energy balance and heat transfer of transformer is a major task in transformers thermal modeling. The aim of this paper is to present improved thermal models for transformers loaded at prefabricated MV/LV transformer substations and outdoor situations. The top-oil temperature is studied both for indoor and outdoor transformers and the thermal models proposed for them are compared. Since the thermal transfer is different for indoor and outdoor transformers considering their operating conditions, their thermal models differ from each other. The proposed thermal models are verified by the results obtained from the experiments carried out on typical indoor 30 kV/0.4 kV transformer stations at different operating conditions.     

Comparison of Voltage and Flux Modulation Schemes of StatComs Regarding Transformer Saturation During Fault Recovery

A transformer might be driven into saturation by faults in the connected system. In a transmission system with a Static synchronous Compensator and transformers connected at the point of common coupling, different modulation schemes utilized by the voltage source converter influence the transformer saturation in different ways. This paper compares the saturation effect during fault recovery when two alternative modulation schemes are utilized: voltage modulation and flux modulation. The comparison shows that utilization of flux modulation scheme tends to soften the saturation problem during fault recovery. However, this is achieved at a higher converter transient peak current.