烧成工艺对钧瓷釉呈色的影响

利用河南省神地区的原料研究了烧成温度制度对钧瓷釉呈色的影响,通过对釉色的观察和利用国产ＪＦＹ－ＰＳ测配色仪进行颜色分析,结果表明,在适当的烧成工艺条件下,可以在相当宽的组成范围内获得呈色良好的钧红瓷釉;还原温度的高低是影响钧瓷釉呈色的重要影响因素,较低的还原温度减弱了Ｃｕ２Ｏ胶粒和Ｆｅ＾３＋显色,使釉的长波反射率降低,相对强化了Ｆｅ＾２＋的显色使用,可以获得不同深浅的葡萄紫浅釉;偏高的还原温度将显     

分相呈色陶瓷釉的特性及呈色机理

通过在R2O-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5(R2O为Na2O,K2O,L2O;RO为CaO,MgO等)系分相基础釉中引入不等量的Ca3(PO3)2、滑石、石英和方解石,研究了以分相微珠结合基础釉基色获得不同釉色的方法.以四角配料实验法、能谱分析、扫描电镜观察.分析了分相法呈色的物理光学原理以及釉的组成、烧成温度对分相微珠及呈色现象的影响.研究表明:分相釉的呈色机理符合Rayleigh散射及Mie散射规律,即当分相微珠尺寸小于100 nm时,釉层以Rayleigh散射为主,釉色呈蓝色;而分相微珠尺寸大于入射光波长时,则以Mie散射为主,釉色呈乳白色;控制分相微珠尺寸及分布状态是获得分相色釉的关键.     

宜钧与古钧瓷、广钧的组成配方对比研究

本研究以宜兴清代仿钧(宜钧)样品、宋元钧瓷(古钧瓷)样品以及广州清代仿钧(广钧)样品为研究对象,采用能量色散X射线荧光(EDXRF)分析了它们的胎釉元素组成,并探讨了它们胎釉配方的特点。分析表明:宜钧、古钧瓷和广钧釉中的助熔剂有所差异;它们呈色元素皆为Fe和Cu;Zn O的加入是促使宜钧和广钧产生类似于古钧瓷的乳光效果的原因之一;三个窑口的胎体成份具有明显的地域特征。     

钧釉呈色机理及烧制工艺的研究

分析了Fe和Cu在钧瓷紫釉和青釉中的存在形态。结果表明Fe在紫釉和青釉中都以Fe2O3、Fe3O4、FeO3种形态存在;Cu在紫釉中以CuO、Cu2O和少量的Cu存在。FeO和CuO共同作用的结果使钧釉呈现紫色。通过热力学分析了Fe和Cu的各种氧化物。并给出在不同CO2/CO分压下各种氧化物的热力学状态图,这些结果为钧瓷釉成色的理论分析提供了参考。     

钧釉分相微结构与钧瓷呈色研究

利用扫描电子显微镜观察,分析了钧瓷中分相法呈色的物理光学原理以及烧制气氛对分相小液滴及呈色现象的影响。研究表明:分相釉的呈色机理符合Rayleigh散射及Mie散射规律,控制分相小液滴尺寸及分布状态是获得分相色釉的关键。即当分相小液滴尺寸小于100 nm时,釉层以Rayleigh散射为主,釉色呈蓝色;而分相小液滴尺寸大于入射光波长时,则以Mie散射为主,釉色呈乳白色;同时利用Rayleigh散射和Mie散射,通过合理控制分相小液滴尺寸及分布状态还可以获得红色钧釉。     

汝官瓷和钧官瓷的主成分鉴别

为了解多种釉色汝官瓷和钧官瓷的原料来源、成分和分类关系,正确鉴别两窑瓷器,选取汝官瓷样品34个、钧官瓷样品50个,由质子激发X射线荧光分析测定了样品的化学组分.将所有样品的7种主成分数据进行统计分析,得到以下分析结果:汝官瓷胎的Al2O3平均含量明显高于钧官瓷胎的,而CaO,TiO2的平均含量比钧官瓷胎的略高;汝官瓷胎的SiO2,Fe2O3,K2O平均含量明显低于钧官瓷胎的,而MnO平均含量比钧官瓷胎的稍低.汝官瓷釉的Al2O3,CaO平均含量明显高于钧官瓷釉的,而K2O,MnO的平均含量比钧官瓷釉的略高;汝官瓷釉的SiO2平均含量明显低于钧官瓷釉的,而TiO2,Fe2O3平均含量比钧官瓷釉的稍低,即汝官瓷釉和钧官瓷釉的主成分平均值是不相同的.模糊聚类分析表明:多数汝官瓷胎、钧官瓷胎样品的原料产地和成分接近但有所不同,汝官瓷釉和钧官瓷釉的原料产地和配方则明显不同.从主量化学组成上可以较好的区分汝官瓷釉和钧官瓷釉样品.     

还原剂及工艺因素对钧红分相窑变釉呈色的影响

采用现代制瓷工艺,选用景德镇附近所生产的陶瓷原料,在梭式窑中烧制的钧红分相窑变釉,基本达到了其深浅不同的青蓝色流纹与紫红色交相辉映的效果,并借助色度计、SEM等手段,主要探讨了还原剂SnO2、Fe2O3及施釉厚度、还原起始温度等工艺因素对钧红分相窑变釉呈色的影响.     

钧红分相窑变釉的仿制研究

研究采用现代制瓷工艺,选用景德镇附近所生产的陶瓷原料,在梭式窑中烧成,仿制钧红分相窑变釉,基本达到了其深浅不同的青蓝色流纹与紫红色交相辉映的效果。实验中借助色度计、SEM等手段,探讨了Si/Al摩尔比、促分相剂P2O5添加量及着色氧化物CuO和Fe2O3含量对钧红分相窑变釉呈色的影响。     

铬系分相青釉的制备及呈色机理研究

以Cr_2O_3为着色剂,代替传统青釉中的Fe_2O_3,并以磷酸钙为分相促进剂,成功制备出了与古钧瓷天青釉色相近的分相青瓷釉。利用色度仪、XRD、FT-IR、SEM和EDS,研究了不同磷酸钙加入量对釉色及微观结构的影响,并分析了其呈色机理。结果表明:引入磷酸钙后,釉熔体生成的晶体含量增多,使得釉面乳浊度增强。同时,釉中的分相液滴尺寸逐渐减小,使得瑞利散射现象产生的乳光蓝色加深,两者综合作用,减弱了Cr~(3+)绿,从而呈现出蓝青色调。然而,当磷酸钙加入量过多时,大量的羟基磷灰石晶体阻碍了瑞利散射,釉面呈现出青白色。     

离子着色铁系瓷釉中铁的穆斯堡尔谱研究

应用穆斯堡尔谱及色度测量等方法研究了随总铁含量和还原程度的改变,SIO。－AI;O。－Na。O离子着色铁系瓷釉中铁的结构行为及其对应的呈色关系。结果表明：Fe2 离子以四、六两种配位状态同时存在于瓷釉中,随着总铁含量改变,Fe2 ／（Fe2 、Fe3 ）、Fe2 ＋／（Fe2 ＋＋Feo2 ）的值各自保持不变,分别约为0.74和0.45。此时,瓷釉呈色不同,但Fe2 离子中均以45％的固定比例对釉色起作用。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。