军演官兵心理应激状态及人格特征的相关性研究

目的 探讨参加军演官兵心理应激状态及与人格特征的关系,为对军事应激条件下进行适宜的心理干预提供依据.方法 对参加军演的126名官兵,在军演前后分别应用军人心理应激自评问卷(PSET)、症状自评表(SCL-90)进行精神卫生状况调查,采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)进行个性调查,并与军演后SCL-90各因子进行相关分析.结果 126名官兵军演后PSET评分,T分≥70分的人数由9人增至35人,军演后PSET积分增高,与军演前比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);军演后官兵SCL-90评分中躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、附加项目等较军演前明显增高(P＜0.05),军演后官兵精神质(P)和神经质(N)分值高于军演前(P＜0.05),而内外向(E)和掩饰(L)分值军演前后比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).军演后SCL-90因子评分与EPQ量表的精神质(P)和神经质(N)成正相关,与内外向(E)和掩饰(L)分值成负相关.结论 军演作为一种较强烈的心理刺激引起一系列的心理应激变化和损害,情绪不稳定和过于内向等性格容易产生心理障碍,选择适宜的心理训练,对提高官兵的心理应激能力十分必要.     

赴苏丹瓦乌维和官兵人格特征和心理健康状况相关分析

目的分析中国第八批赴苏丹瓦乌地区,运输、医疗两个分队的维和官兵初期心理健康状况及人格特征的相关性,为针对性的心理教育提供依据。方法使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)对运输分队和医疗分队共160名维和官兵进行集中测试。结果 (1)维和官兵在执行任务初期SCL-90除躯体化因子高于军人常模(P<0.01)外,其他各因子分均低于中国军人常模(P<0.01)。(2)维和官兵心理健康状况与人格特征相关。EPQ内外向维度与SCL-90强迫、抑郁、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子呈负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),与人际关系、焦虑、敌对因子呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);神经质维度与SCL-90各因子呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),除躯体化、强迫因子外,精神质维度与SCL-90其余各因子呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);掩饰性维度与抑郁、焦虑因子呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。(3)运输分队的强迫、抑郁、焦虑及恐怖因子分显著高于医疗分队(P<0.05)。结论赴苏丹瓦乌地区初期,维和官兵心理健康状况良好;维和官兵心理健康状况与自身的人格特征相关;医疗分队相对运输分队心理健康状况要好。     

心理干预对受阅训练官兵心理健康水平影响的观察

目的:观察心理干预对受阅训练官兵心理健康水平的影响。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),对某部受阅训练官兵618例心理干预前后的心理健康水平进行测评。结果:心理干预前,受阅训练官兵除敌对、强迫症状因子分值外,躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和精神病性因子分值均显著或非常显著高于中国军人常模(P<0.05,P<0.01);而人际关系敏感、偏执因子分值显著低于中国军人常模(P<0.05)。心理干预后,受阅训练官兵敌对、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和精神病性因子分值显著或非常显著低于干预前(P<0.05,P<0.01),而躯体化、人际关系敏感、偏执因子分值虽有降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);敌对、躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执因子分值显著或非常显著低于中国军人常模(P<0.05,P<0.01)。初中组敌对、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑和偏执因子分值显著高于高中组和大专及以上组(P<0.05);高中组和大专及以上组SCL-90各因子分值差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:心理干预可显著提高受阅训练官兵的心理健康水平。     

不同岗位维和官兵心理健康水平调查与分析

目的:调查了解不同岗位维和官兵的心理健康水平.方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对不同岗位维和官兵453例进行心理健康水平测评.结果:除精神病性因子分值外,运输分队官兵强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和偏执因子分值显著高于工兵分队官兵,而躯体化因子分值显著低于工兵分队官兵(P＜0.05).结论:运输分...     

某边防部队士兵心理健康水平调查与分析

目的:调查了解某边防部队士兵的心理健康水平。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某边防部队士兵273例进行心理健康水平测评,并与中国军人常模比较。结果:本次共筛查出阳性27例,阳性率为9.9%。某边防部队士兵躯体化因子分值非常显著高于中国军人常模(P<0.01),而人际关系敏感、抑郁、偏执和精神病性因子分值显著或非常显著低于中国军人常模(P<0.05,P<0.01);SCL-90总分和其他因子分值与中国军人常模比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。城镇士兵SCL-90总分、抑郁、恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子分值显著或非常显著高于农村士兵(P<0.05,P<0.01);其他各因子分值比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。城镇独生子女士兵SCL-90总分、躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子分值显著高于非城镇独生子女士兵(P<0.05);其他各因子分值比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:某边防部队士兵整体心理健康水平较好,但部分城镇独生子女士兵心理健康水平不理想,应进行有针对性的心理干预。     

海军陆勤官兵心理健康水平与心理应激及自我效能感等相关性研究

目的：探讨海军某部陆勤官兵心理健康水平与心理应激、自我效能感及自我认同感的相关性。方法：随机抽取海军某部陆勤官兵581例,采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、军人心理应激自评问卷（PSET）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）和自我认同感量表（SIS）对其进行测评,并分析其相关性。结果：陆勤官兵SCL-90总分及各因子分值均非常显著低于水面舰艇军人和中国军人常模（P〈0．01）。Pearson相关分析结果显示,心理应激与SCL,90总分及各因子呈非常显著正相关（P〈O．01）;自我效能感与SCL-90总分、人际关系敏感、抑郁因子呈显著或非常显著负相关（P〈O．05,Pd0．01）;自我认同感与SCL-90总分、强迫症状、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性因子呈显著或非常显著负相关（P〈O．05,P％0．01）。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,心理应激进入以SCL-90总分为因变量的回归方程（P〈0．01）。结论：海军陆勤官兵心理健康水平与心理应激、自我效能感、自我认同感相关,尤其与心理应激显著相关。     

武警某部不同岗位官兵心理健康水平调查与分析

目的:调查了解武警某部不同岗位官兵的心理健康水平.方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、生活事件量表对武警某部不同岗位官兵272例进行心理健康水平测评.结果:消防特勤官兵人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执及精神病性因子分值显著或非常显著高于内卫特勤官兵和非特勤官兵(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);内卫特勤官兵SCL-90各因子分...     

海上训练人员心理应激状态与个性特征的相关研究

目的：研究海上训练人员的心理应激状态与个性特征及相关性。方法：以海军某部训练的126名军人为训练组，平时状态的军人136名为对照组，采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性测量问卷(EPQ)进行调查。结果：训练组中轻度的不良反应为人际敏感、强迫、敌对、躯体化、偏执等；较明显的心理健康问题为偏执、强迫、敌对、抑郁、人际敏感等。训练组躯体化、恐怖、阳性项目数、精神病性、敌对明显高于对照组，且EPQ精神质(P)分、神经质(N)分明显高于对照组。以EPQ各维度为自变量，以SCL-90总均分和各因子分为因变量，进行多元逐步回归分析，P进入SCL～90总均分及除敌对因子外的各因子方程；N进人SCL-90总均分及除躯体化、恐怖因子外的各因子方程；E进人人际敏感、抑郁方程。结论：训练人员心理卫生水平呈下降趋势，神经质、精神质个性特征易促发负性情绪，这些特征容易使个体在认知、情感、行为、适应等方面产生较多的心理健康问题。     

心理干预对坑道作业官兵心理适应能力影响的研究

目的：比较不同心理干预方法对坑道作业官兵心理适应能力的影响。方法：某部坑道作业官兵140例,随机分为观察组与对照组各70例。对照组以常规心理宣教引导为主,观察组在其基础上增加行为训练;两组干预前后均采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对所有官兵进行心理测评。结果：（1）心理干预前两组SCL-90因子分值除敌对、偏执、精神病性外,其他因子分值均显著高于中国军人常模（P〈0.05）;（2）心理干预后两组的强迫症状、抑郁、恐怖因子分值显著降低（P〈0.05）;（3）观察组除了抑郁和偏执外,其余各因子分值均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：采用宣教加行为训练的心理干预方法对提高坑道作业官兵心理适应能力效果更好。     

心理干预对参与保卫大型运动会武警官兵心理健康水平影响的观察

目的:观察心理干预对参与保卫大型运动会(参与保卫)武警官兵心理健康水平的影响。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和状态-特质焦虑问卷(ST-AI)对参与保卫武警某部官兵118例的心理健康水平进行测评,并与中国成人常模比较。结果:参与保卫武警官兵SCL-90总分、SCL-90总平均分、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖因子分值均显著或非常显著低于未参与保卫武警官兵(P<0.05,P<0.01)。参与保卫武警官兵SCL-90总分、SCL-90总平均分、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑和偏执因子分值均显著或非常显著低于中国成人常模(P<0.05,P<0.01)。状态焦虑量表(S-AI)总分和特质焦虑量表(T-AI)总分分值与中国成人常模比较,差异均不显著(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,S-AI总分与T-AI总分呈非常显著正相关(P<0.01);T-AI总分与SCL-90总平均分呈非常显著负相关(P<0.01);文化程度与年龄呈显著负相关(P<0.05);年龄与SCL-90总平均分呈非常显著正相关(P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,年龄和T-AI总分进入以SCL-90总平均分为因变量的回归方程。结论:参与保卫武警官兵心理健康水平受特质-焦虑和年龄因素影响,心理干预可提高参与保卫武警官兵心理健康水平。     

Endometriosis: Appearance and detection with conventional and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed spin-echo techniques

Suspected pelvic endometrlosis was prospectively evaluated in 31 women with T1- and T2-weighted conventional spin-echo (CSE) magnetic resonance imaging alone and in combination with Tl-weighted fat-suppressed (TIPS) and gadolinium-enhanced TIPS (Gd-TlFS) spin-echo techniques. Images were grouped for interpretation and comparison as follows: (a) CSE alone, (b) CSE/T1FS. and (c) CSE/T1FS/ Gd-TlFS. All patients underwent surgery within 3 months of imaging, and 21 patients were found to have endometrlosis: 59 endometriomas (26 large and 33 small) and 51 sites of implants were seen. With CSE images, 23 large and six small endometriomas were detected. With CSE/T1FS images, 25 large and 14 small endometriomas were identified. With CSE/ TIFS/Gd-TlFS Images, 24 large and 14 small endometriomas were detected and ill-defined areas of enhancement were noted in 22 sites throughout the pelvis. These corresponded to endometriotic implants seen at surgery in 14 sites. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, for the detection of endometriosis were 76%, 60%, and 71% for CSE, 86%, 50%, and 74% for CSE/T1FS, and 81%, 50%, and 71% for CSE/TlFS/Gd-TlFS images. No significant differences (P > 0.1) between image combinations for correctly identifying patients with and without endometriosis were seen. The difference in sensitivity between CSE and CSE/T1FS and between CSE and CSE/TlFS/Gd-TlFS images for detecting small endometriomas was significant (P=.03).     

MR imaging of muscle and tender points in fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome manifested by chronic, diffuse muscu-loskeletal aching and soreness, palpable muscle tender points, and other symptoms. Standardized clinical diagnostic criteria have recently been developed. Skeletal muscle has been postulated as the end organ in this disease. Biochemical, histologic, electromyographic, and conventional radiographic studies have demonstrated no definitive abnormality. This study sought to establish whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging could demonstrate any abnormality in these patients. Eighteen patients were entered in the study, 14 of whom were able to complete their examinations. T1 -weighted, T2-weighted, gradient-echo, and STIR (short-tau inversion-recovery) sequences were performed in all patients, with selected patients examined with T1weighted, gadopentetate dimeglu-mine-enhanced sequences. The trapezius and suboccipital regions were imaged in patients who, clinically, had active fibro-myalgia. No abnormalities could be detected. The authors conclude that the conventional MR imaging used in this study was unable to depict any primary skeletal muscle abnormality in fibromyalgia.     

Carotid and vertebral artery blood flow in left- and right-handed healthy subjects measured with MR velocity mapping

The goal of the study was to establish normal carotid artery flow rates in left-handed and right-handed individuals as a standard against which patients with carotid artery disease could be compared. Antegrade and retrograde flow were measured in the ascending aorta, in the right and left common, internal, and external carotid arteries, and in the vertebral arteries of 12 healthy subjects. Five subjects were right-handed, five left-handed, and two ambidextrous. Measured flow rates were as follows: common carotid arteries, 360–557 mL/min (mean [± standard deviation], 465 mL/min ± 52); internal carotid arteries, 132–367 mL/min (mean, 265 mL/min ± 60); external carotid arteries, 113–309 mL/min (mean, 186 mL/min ± 51); vertebral arteries from 133–308 mL/min (mean, 244 mL/min ± 43); and cerebral circulation, 546–931 mL/min (mean, 774 mL/min ± 134). All right-handed subjects had higher flow rates in the left internal carotid artery than in the right, and all left-handed subjects had higher flow rates in the right internal carotid artery (P =.007). There were no significant differences in left and right common carotid artery flow rates between left- and right-handed subjects. The standard deviation of a single measurement was 5%. The flow rates were similar to those obtained previously with other techniques and could be used as a normal standard.     

Treatment of biliary leaks and fistulae by simultaneous percutaneous drainage and diversion

Although biliary fistulae and bilomas are often adequately managed with percutaneous drainage, persistent bile duct leaks are difficult to control. The primary surgical goal in this situation is to decompress the biliary system through diversion of bile flow to facilitate healing of the defect in the bile ducts. We report 3 patients with large biliary duct defects who underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography which demonstrated the site of the biliary leakage. Then, extrapolating the aforementioned surgical tenet to these patients, all 3 were successfully treated with interventional radiologic techniques: simultaneous percutaneous transhepatic biliary diversion to control biliary flow and percutaneous biloma drainage to facilitate closure of the cavity.     

Hepatic abscess caused by Brucella US,CT and MRI findings: case report and review of the literature

The authors describe the findings detected by ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a 42-year-old patient with a hepatic abscess due to brucellosis. This localization by Brucella (hepatic brucelloma) is quite rare and very often is asymptomatic. A review of the medical literature shows only 40 cases of an hepatic abscess due to brucellosis. The findings demonstrated by US, CT and MRI can offer important diagnostic elements, albeit not specific, which should, together with a positive serologic test, confirm the diagnosis.     

CT Arthrography and Virtual Arthroscopy in the Diagnosis of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Meniscal Abnormalities of the Knee Joint

Objective

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of CT arthrography and virtual arthroscopy in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus pathology.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-eight consecutive patients who underwent CT arthrography and arthroscopy of the knee were included in this study. The ages of the patients ranged from 19 to 52 years and all of the patients were male. Sagittal, coronal, transverse and oblique coronal multiplanar reconstruction images were reformatted from CT arthrography. Virtual arthroscopy was performed from 6 standard views using a volume rendering technique. Three radiologists analyzed the MPR images and two orthopedic surgeons analyzed the virtual arthroscopic images.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity of CT arthrography for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament abnormalities were 87.5%-100% and 93.3-96.7%, respectively, and those for meniscus abnormalities were 91.7%-100% and 98.1%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of virtual arthroscopy for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament abnormalities were 87.5% and 83.3-90%, respectively, and those for meniscus abnormalities were 83.3%-87.5% and 96.1-98.1%, respectively.

Conclusion

CT arthrography and virtual arthroscopy showed good diagnostic accuracy for anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal abnormalities.     

Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas: radiological and pathological findings

We report a case of a rare lymphoepithelial cyst of the body of the pancreas that developed in a woman complaining of constipation for 15 years. Ultrasonography revealed a homogeneous isoechoic lesion, while CT demonstrated a polycystic homogeneous mass with central scar and calcification. Cytological investigation of a CT-guided biopsy permitted diagnosis of lymphoepithelial cyst. The patient was operated on and had an uneventful recovery. The histological finding was of a cyst wall lined with keratinised squamous epithelium surrounded by lymphoid tissue with reactive follicular hyperplasia. The radiological findings and differential diagnosis are discussed. Correspondence to: D. Regge     

Evaluation of adrenal masses with gadolinium enhancement and fat-suppressed MR imaging

A study was undertaken to determine the ability to characterize benign and malignant masses with unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced fast lowangle shot and fat-suppressed spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Thirty patients with adrenal masses detected at computed tomography (CT) underwent MR imaging within 14 days after CT. CT and MR images were interpreted in a prospective, blinded fashion. Sixteen patients had 20 benign adrenal masses, and 14 patients had 18 malignant masses. Quantitative measurements included percentage of contrast enhancement on immediate postcontrast dynamic images and periphery - center signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) on gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed images. Qualitative evaluation included determination of the regularity of lesion margins, homogeneity of signal intensity, and local extension. MR imaging depicted all adrenal masses discovered at CT examinations. Lesions ranged in diameter from 1 to 15 (mean, 4.4) cm. No significant difference was observed in percentage of contrast enhancement between benign (90.5% ± 59.0 [standard deviation]) and malignant (110.5% ± 116.4) masses. A difference was observed between periphery - center S/N for benign (?.05 ± 1.5) and malignant (7.7 ± 9.8) masses; overlap between the two, however, occurred. Qualitative evaluation allowed correct characterization of 32 of 38 masses, comparing favorably with CT, which allowed characterization of 30 lesions.     

MR angiography of congenital heart disease: Value of segmented two-dimensional inflow technique and maximum-intensity-projection display

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the cardiovascular system was evaluated in 41 patients with congenital heart disease by using a two-dimensional (2D) inflow technique based on a magnetization-prepared gradient-echo pulse sequence with segmented k-space data acquisition and electrocardiographic gating at 0.5 T. Inversion and saturation prepulses were used to suppress stationary tissue and enhance intravascular signal. Presaturation slabs were applied where certain vascular structures had to be suppressed. Sequence parameters were optimized by evaluating signal intensity and contrast characteristics for various flip angles and inversion and saturation delay times. The heart and intrathoracic vasculature were encompassed with 40–50 overlapping sections. Both 2D angiograms and maximum-intensity-projection images were evaluated. Combining data sets acquired in the sagittal and transverse orientations provided the most satisfactory information about the pulmonary arteries. The highest signal-to-noise ratios were obtained with a flip angle of 65° and short prepulse delay times. Two-dimensional MR angiography can provide useful diagnostic information but requires a thorough understanding of in-plane and hemodynamically induced signal intensity changes.