正压开放式气力输送水泥粉体临界料位 影响因素实验研究*

本文采用相似理论模拟建立了目前工业常用的正压开放式气力输送系统。该系统可以有效监控固体质量流率、固体料位、气力输送及气体流量等参数。在此系统上,以水泥粉体为输送物料,压缩空气为输送动力进行开放式气力输送研究。通过改变输送母管内的输送压力、气体流量、固体质量流率等操作参数得出临界料位的变化规律,进而得出影响临界料位的主要因素,为本类开放式气力输送的临界料位的确定与监控提供指导。     

水平管高浓度连续气力输送特征研究

通过测量水平管高混合比（47～200）连续气力输送中等粒径砂粒和钝化石灰粉料时管道沿程压力分布及稳定段固体颗粒平均浓度，分析了水平管加速段压降、稳定段压降和固体颗粒平均速度等高浓度低速气力输送特征，同时提出高浓度输送固体颗粒平均速度关联式     

宁东灵武矿区煤粉密相输送管道压降研究

采用Barth气力输送理论,通过实验在质量流率1 550—1 700 kg/h的输送范围内,研究了宁东灵武矿区煤粉密相输送的压降和表观气速的关系。结果表明:随着表观气速的增加,水平管道和竖直管道的压降都是先降低后升高,但竖直段的压降变化速度比水平段变化快,水平段的经济气速(4 m/s)小于竖直段的经济气速(7 m/s)。通过计算值与实验值比较,发现理论计算值与实验值偏差在30%以内,说明基于Barth附加压降法对宁东灵武矿区煤粉密相气力输送管阻力特性的计算具有较好的适应性。     

密相气力输送水泥粉体流动特性研究

论文建立了工业级别1∶1正压旋转供料器气力输送实验系统。在本实验系统上以两种不同水泥粉体为输送物料进行气力输送研究,通过改变输送管道内的气体速度得出了固体输送能力、平均固气质量比、固体平均速度及单位长度压力损失等参数的变化规律,为该类型气力输送水泥粉体提供依据。     

基于CFD-DEM算法的气力输送气固两相流特性分析

超轻粉体颗粒由于质量较小,在运输过程中易受气流扰动而飘散,物料的管道气力输送过程不稳定,易发生堵塞。为了研究超轻粉体颗粒在旋流气力输送中气固两相流流动特性,采用计算流体力学与离散单元法(CFD-DEM),对Komax型静态混合器内气固两相流动特性进行数值模拟研究。研究发现,带有Komax型元件的水平管道可以改变颗粒的流动情况,改善了水平管道内颗粒堆积和分布不均匀的现象;分别从颗粒相和流体相的流动状态分析得到元件长径比A_r=3时为最优几何结构;通过正交实验极差分析得到影响气固两相流动特性的因素顺序:输送气速>颗粒质量流量>颗粒粒径。当元件A_r=3时,颗粒-颗粒和颗粒-管壁的碰撞次数与碰撞强度呈现负相关,结合出口颗粒流分散状态,优选输送气速为3～4m/s;主要考虑输送气速对管内压降的影响,提出了带有Komax型元件的水平管道气力运输过程中压降与输送气速和轴向位置的经验拟合式。     

粉体静电带电电荷测试设计与实现

针对粉体静电对粉尘爆炸的影响,设计并实现了一套研究管道气力输送粉尘静电特性的实验装置。该装置可研究粉尘物料在不同条件下的静电电荷积累量,并可充分考虑粉尘种类、粒径、质量、加料速度、风速等多个因素的影响,为学习和研究不同粉尘静电危险特性提供实验条件。实践表明,该实验装置能加强对粉尘静电累积概念的掌握,全面了解粉体在管道输送过程中起电的影响因素,为管道气力输送粉尘装置安全性研究提供了新思路。     

一种粉料的输送特性研究

利用自主研究设计的工业规模级气力输送装置,分析研究了一种粉料稀相气力输送的规律.通过在两条不同长度输送线上的大量系统实验,得出输送量、输送压力、气量、固气比、表观气速等输送参数间的相互关系,展现了该粉料输送的宏观规律.同时对气力输送设计计算最重要的参数“管道压降”进行分析讨论,整理拟合出该粉料不同输送量下的压降模型,并且其计算值与实际值吻合较好,对工程应用具有一定指导意义.     

工业级管道中粉煤浓相流动特性

分别以干燥空气和粉煤为输送载气和介质，在39 mm工业级水平不锈钢管内进行了浓相气固两相流动特性实验研究。高速摄像仪拍摄到的粉煤流型表明，浓相输送条件下存在分层流。在流化气和调节气协同作用下，工业级管道中的粉煤浓相输送规律与此两路气流流量密切相关，并获得了39 mm管径下的粉煤气力输送相图。与管径较小的20 mm水平不锈钢管输送结果的比较表明：较大管径条件下，输送压力对粉煤流率的影响更为显著，输送的经济气速相对较高；相同输送通量情况下，较大管径的输送单位管长压降低，且输送通量变化引起的单位管长压降变化也较为平缓。     

烧结灰在双套管气力输送系统中输送特性的实验研究

在长200 m、管径100 mm双套管气力输送系统实验台上进行了烧结除尘灰输送实验,考察了其输送特性. 根据所得输送压力梯度特点可将管道分为起始段、过渡段与充分发展段. 在研究范围内,烧结灰输送压力梯度最低值为1.071 kPa/m,最高值为1.616 kPa/m,质量流率最高值为33 t/h,物料流率/气流流率最高值约为36,能耗最低值约为2.6 kW×h/(t×km).     

竖直上升管中密相气力输送压降特性

研究了内径20 mm的竖直上升不锈钢管道中粉煤密相气力输送单位管长压降随输送参数的变化规律，并得到了Zenz相图。结果表明，在实验操作范围内管道压降主要由固相自身静压降和固相摩擦压降组成，气相产生的压降不超过总压降的1%；固相体积分数是影响压降变化的主要因素，并讨论了粉煤流速以及固相体积分数对固相静压降和摩擦压降的影响规律；考察了粉煤流速和固相体积分数对固相摩擦系数的影响，对实验数据拟合得到了固相摩擦系数的关系式，计算结果与实验值吻合较好。     

Study of the pressure drop of dense phase gas-solid flow through nozzle

Pressure drops are measured on different nozzles of various pipe sizes in dense phase pulverized coal pneumatic conveying. From the experimental results, we conclude that the effect of the gas phase nozzle pressure drop is negligible when comparing with the solid phase pressure drop in the experimental range. The main influence factors contributing to the nozzle pressure drop are gas and solid mass flow rate, solids loading ratio, and the diameters of the nozzle inlet and outlet. A new model was developed to predict the nozzle pressure drop in dense phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal based on the Barth's pneumatic conveying theory. The pressure drop predictions from the model are in good agreement with the experimental values. The model quantified the important influence factors of the nozzle pressure drop.     

Effect of mechanical properties of powder on pneumatic conveying in inclined pipe

Pneumatic conveying of fine powder has merits, such as no dust pollution and wide flexibility of pipeline layout. Thus, pneumatic conveying is widely used in industry. However, there is no information about the relation between the pressure drop for pneumatic conveying of fine powder and the mechanical properties of powder.We explained that the pressure drop of pneumatic conveying of powder in a horizontal pipe could be estimated from the dynamic friction coefficient of the powder in the previous paper. However, the relation between the pressure drop of pneumatic conveying in an inclined pipe and the mechanical properties of the powder is not cleared yet.The effect of mechanical properties and the angle of an inclined pipe on the pressure drop for pneumatic conveying of fine powder was examined and compared with the calculated results by our model. Based on these results, it is cleared that the pressure drop for pneumatic conveying of fine powder can be estimated from the dynamic friction coefficient of the powder and the inclined angle of the pipe.     

硅粉密相气力输送技术在多晶硅生产中的应用

介绍某多晶硅厂对硅粉加料采用密相气力输送技术的输送方式和工艺流程,分析了该气力输送系统中主要设备和管道、阀门选型及设计时的考虑因素。     

Resistance Properties of a Bend in Dense‐Phase Pneumatic Conveying of Pulverized Coal under High Pressure

Experiments of high‐pressure dense‐phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal with different mean particle sizes using nitrogen were carried out in an experimental test facility with a conveying pressure of up to 4 MPa. The effects of three representative operating parameters (solids‐to‐gas mass flow ratio, conveying pressure, mean particle size) on the total pressure drop were examined. The pressure drops across the horizontal and vertical bends were analyzed by experimental and analytical calculation. The results show that the pressure drop due to gas friction is of much less significance, while the pressure drop due to the solids friction component of the total pressure drop dominates. There exists a relationship between the pressure drop due to solids kinetic energy loss and mass flux of solids.     

Horizontal pneumatic conveying from a fluidized bed

In this paper the feasibility of feeding a horizontal pneumatic conveying line directly from a fluidized bed is explored by investigating the relationships governing the solids mass flow rate in such a pipe as a function of both pressure drop and pipe length. Three different materials were fluidized by air and discharged though a 25 mm internal diameter pipe. Materials used were turnip seeds of mean diameter 1.5 mm, carbon steel shot of mean diameter 0.73 mm and plastic pellets of mean diameter 3.76 mm. Several pipe lengths were used, from 0.75 to 1.77 m. The experiments showed that it is feasible to feed directly from a fluidized bed to a horizontal pneumatic conveying line. The flow regime in the pipe was that of dense phase conveying also called slug flow. The data collected show that there is a clear relationship between the pressure drop down the conveying line and the discharge rate of solids from the line. The discharge rate is also dependent on the pipe length.In previous studies of pneumatic conveying, the solids and gas mass flow rates have been independently set, which cannot be done if the conveying line is fed from a fluidized bed. For a pipe fed from a fluidized bed, the solid and gas mass ratio are coupled and this was modelled using the theory for air-augmented granular discharge through an orifice in a hopper or silo of Nedderman et al. [1983. The effect of interstitial air pressure gradients on the discharge from bins. Powder Technology 35, 69-81], but as modified by Thorpe [1984. Air-augmented flow of granular materials through orifices. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge] for horizontal discharge. This was then combined with a modification of the theory of Konrad [1981. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge] to give a prediction of the total pressure drop and the gas and solid mass flow rates. This combined model for dense-phase conveying from a fluidized bed was found to give an excellent fit to the data using the standard values for the constants in every equation. The predictions of the combined model also agree well with the experiments of Konrad [1981. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge] for discharge from a hopper into a horizontal conveying line.     

An experimental study of energy-saving pneumatic conveying system in a horizontal pipeline with dune model

In order to reduce power consumption and conveying velocity, a pneumatic conveying system where a dune model is mounted in a pipeline is proposed in this paper. The experimental study focuses on the effect of the mounted dune model in the horizontal pneumatic conveying system in terms of pressure drop, power consumption and conveying velocity. The test pipeline consisted of a horizontal smooth acrylic tube with an inside diameter of 80 mm and a length of about 5 m. Polyethylene spherical particles with a density of 952 kg/m³ and diameters of 2.3 and 3.3 mm are used as conveying materials. The mean air velocity is varied from 9 to 16 m/s, and the solid mass flow rate is from 0.25 to 0.45 kg/s. Firstly, the effect of the dune model location on pneumatic conveying is experimentally studied. It is found that in the lower air velocity range, the pressure drop of the pneumatic conveying with a mounted dune model is lower than that of a conventional pneumatic conveying system. A lower conveying velocity and energy-saving conveying can be realized by installing a dune model in the conveying pipe. Especially the case of fixing the dune model on the bottom of the pipe at the inlet of particle feed is more effective. The particle flow patterns also show that the dune model reduces the deposition of particles. Then, the effect of different surface materials of the dune model is examined. By using a surface material of the dune model with a large coefficient of restitution, the pressure drop of conveying large particles is the lowest. When conveying relatively small particles, however, the pressure drop becomes the lowest by a small coefficient of restitution. The maximum reduction rates of the minimum velocity and power consumption by the dune model are about 19% and 34%, respectively.     

柱塞气固两相流输送特性

为了研究柱塞式气力输送气固两相流的输送特性,对实际的工业气力输送系统进行1∶1试验台改造,首先进行了粉煤灰在输送管内的流动模式试验;然后进行粉煤灰输送压力、输送质量流量特性试验;最后考察了主进气流量、补气流量、助吹气流量对粉煤灰输送量、固气比的影响。研究表明,柱塞式气力输送流动模式以密相栓柱流为主,其灰栓长度为0.8～2.3 m,移动速度约为2.8～11.3 m·s^-1;输送压力与输送流量呈双曲线特性,且随着气量的增加输送量增大;主进气流量起主导作用并与输送粉煤灰质量流量呈单调上升抛物线关系,与固气比呈上凸抛物线关系即先增大后减小。研究结果对柱塞式气力输送系统的工程设计、运行和理论研究提供依据并具有指导作用。     

中低压稀相气力输送在PVC工程中的应用

结合PVC树脂粉料气力输送工程的实例，分析了系统设计方案，确定采用中低压稀相气力输送。介绍了PVC粉料气力输送系统工艺流程、主要技术参数和试车情况，认为可在扩建、新建PVC工程中推广应用。     

Depicting the role of gas-solid interactions on the hydrodynamics of converging pneumatic riser

The understanding of the flow characteristics and effect of gas-solid interactions in pneumatic risers is fundamental to investigate to ensure effective design cost-effective operation. Thus, to understand the effect of gas-solid interactions on the hydrodynamics of newly proposed conversing risers, this study mainly focused on predicting pressure drop in the dilute phase pneumatic conveying system. The experiments were conducted in a converging riser having a convergence angle of 0.2693°. Various solid particles such as sago, black mustard, and alumina have been considered to study the effect of particle sizes and density on the pressure drop. The experimental outcomes indicate that the total pressure drop increases with an increase in the solid density and gas mass flow rate. Moreover, smaller particle sizes are also increased the pressure drop. An empirical correlation is developed for the prediction of total pressure drop ΔP_T in converging pneumatic riser via dimensional analysis. All dependent variables such as particle and air density, drag force, acceleration due to gravity, the mass flow rate of air and particle, the diameter of particle and converging riser, the height of converging riser were considered to develop the empirical correlation. The established relationship is tested, and experimental data have been fitted for its validation. The estimated relative error of less than 0.05 proved the significance of the developed correlation. Hence, it can be stated that the established relationship is useful in studying the effects of various parameters on the pressure drop across the length of the conversing riser.