低灰分血浆蛋白粉制备工艺优化

为有效利用动物血液,优化血浆蛋白粉的制备工艺,本文从分离、浓缩与喷雾干燥工艺出发,探讨了不同的离心转速和离心时间对血浆蛋白总浓度、血红蛋白残留量及收集率的影响,不同的超滤压力、p H对血浆蛋白粉水分、粗蛋白及灰分含量的影响,不同的进口温度和进料速率对血浆蛋白粉水分含量、粗蛋白、提取率及氮溶解指数的影响。结果表明:最佳离心条件为离心转速5000 r/min,离心时间10 min;最佳超滤条件为超滤压力0.6 MPa,血浆液p H为9;最佳喷雾干燥工艺为进口温度150℃,进料速率0.178 m L/s。经本工艺优化,血浆蛋白粉的灰分降至6%左右。本研究结果可为低灰分血浆蛋白粉生产与制备工艺的改进提供基础数据和参考。     

双酶水解乳清蛋白ACE抑制肽的制备工艺优化

以乳清蛋白为原料,采用胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶双酶先后水解乳清蛋白,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白制备血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽的工艺,将水解物以3 kDa超滤膜过滤,研究表明,胃蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白最佳酶解工艺条件为水解温度37℃、底物质量浓度6 g/100 mL、酶与底物比3 728 U/g,此时乳清蛋白ACE抑制率为86%;胰蛋白酶水解乳清蛋白最佳酶解条件为温度55℃、底物质量浓度6 g/100 mL、酶与底物比3 480 U/g,此时ACE抑制率为72%。利用超滤离心管获得分子量小于3 kDa的乳清蛋白ACE抑制率96%。     

陶瓷膜超滤技术浓缩乳清的工艺参数研究

采用孔径为20nm的无机陶瓷膜超滤干酪副产物乳清,浓缩乳清蛋白。通过对膜过滤压力、温度以及乳清pH三个因素进行单因素分析以及正交实验优化,得到最佳工艺条件:操作压力0.25MPa,温度51℃,pH6.1,此条件下超滤膜渗透通量达到169.37L/m2.h,乳清蛋白可浓缩至5.4%,经喷雾干燥制得WPC蛋白质含量为38.2%。     

真空低温喷雾干燥机干燥酪蛋白粉工艺研究

用酶凝块法制备酪蛋白液,以酪蛋白溶液为原料,采用单因素试验和响应面试验优化酪蛋白粉在低温条件下喷雾干燥工艺。结果表明:喷雾干燥时选用的助干剂为β-环状糊精,酪蛋白液喷雾干燥最佳浓度为20%,真空度达到-0.05~-0.06 MPa,酪蛋白粉低温喷雾干燥最佳工艺条件为:进风温度为111℃、进料速度为6 m L/min、助干剂用量为4%,得率达到26.89%。     

凝固型豌豆蛋白酸奶的研制

以新鲜牛奶为原料,加入豌豆蛋白粉研制凝固型酸奶。以豌豆蛋白粉添加量、酸奶发酵时间、混合发酵菌种接种量为考察因素做单因素试验和正交试验,确定凝固型豌豆蛋白酸奶的优化工艺参数。结果表明:在豌豆蛋白粉的添加量为6%、发酵时间为3.5 h、发酵剂接种量为4%、发酵温度40℃、蔗糖添加量6%时,感官评分最高,成品酸度在79~90°T之间,酸奶具有良好的品质特性,酸度适宜、细腻均匀、有极少量的乳清析出,具有豌豆蛋白粉和酸奶的混合香气。     

微滤-超滤联用技术优化牛初乳乳清中IgG富集工艺

为了高效富集IgG的同时减轻牛初乳的浪费问题,提高产品价值,本文采用微滤-超滤联用技术对牛初乳乳清中IgG进行富集。首先探究了微滤技术在牛初乳乳清除菌中的应用,并对其操作工艺进行优化,其次,利用超滤技术对微滤除菌后的牛初乳乳清进行富集,在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面对超滤工艺进行优化,并对富集后的牛初乳乳清进行品质分析。结果表明:牛初乳乳清微滤除菌的最佳工艺参数为:微滤压力为0.2 MPa、温度为30 ℃,超滤富集的最佳工艺参数为:超滤压力为0.15 MPa、温度为35 ℃、浓缩倍数为6倍、稀释次数为4次,按此条件进行牛初乳乳清的微滤-超滤操作,此时的IgG浓缩率为58.19%,膜通量为204.46 L/m2·h。富集后的牛初乳乳清品质分析表明:IgG含量为22760 μg/mL,IgG活性为718.31 IU/L,蛋白质含量为7.86%,脂肪含量为0.035%,菌落总数为2.4 lg CFU/mL。本研究为牛初乳乳清中IgG的进一步开发与综合利用提供了一定的参考依据。     

甲壳素生产工艺中虾蛋白回收工艺研究

以甲壳素生产工艺中虾加工下脚料为原料,采用超声辅助酶解工艺提取蛋白,喷雾干燥工艺制备蛋白粉,并采用响应面优化其酶解工艺。结果表明,动物水解蛋白酶为最适水解酶,其最适酶解条件为超声波处理时间28min、提取温度54℃、pH 7.4,此条件下蛋白质提取率最高,达50.50%;最佳离心喷雾干燥的条件为进风温度180℃,物料温度40℃,进料速率10~12 m L/min;在该条件下制备的虾蛋白粉,经检测其所含水分5.56%、蛋白质79.57%、脂肪4.93%、灰分5.41%,可作为优良饲料添加剂,也可作为动物初期生长的高效营养饲料成分。     

南极磷虾蛋白粉的制备工艺

以南极磷虾为原料,研究其酶解及喷雾干燥工艺,以及南极磷虾蛋白粉的营养成分指标。研究结果表明,采用木瓜蛋白酶酶解南极磷虾的最佳工艺参数:每100 g南极磷虾肉糜中木瓜蛋白酶酶用量3 000 U/g蛋白、料液比为1∶2(g∶m L)、温度55℃、p H 6. 5、时间2 h;南极磷虾酶解液最佳喷雾干燥条件:进料量250 g/L、进风温度180℃、进料温度30℃、进料速度12 m L/min;南极磷虾蛋白粉为白色粉状,吸湿性较强。南极磷虾蛋白粉脂肪含量较低且具有丰富的矿物元素,关于南极磷虾及其高附加值产品的研究具有很强的开发前景。     

RSD法优化微胶囊化乳清小肽喷雾干燥工艺研究

对乳清小肽粉的表观密度大小与溶解冲调性的关系进行了研究。密度在0.3519～0.3785g·cm-3的粉粒,溶解冲调性最好。研究了料液浓度、进风量、进口温度对干燥粉末的影响,并采用响应面分析法（RSD）优化了微胶囊化乳清小肽喷雾干燥的工艺参数。实验结果表明,喷雾干燥的最佳条件为：料液浓度27.75%、进风量3.72m3/min、进风温度190℃。     

花生蛋白青枣酸奶的发酵工艺及品质特性研究

以花生蛋白、青枣和纯牛奶为主要原料制备花生蛋白青枣酸奶。在单因素的基础上，采用响应面法优化花生蛋白青枣酸奶的发酵工艺，并分析酸奶的营养品质及抗氧化活性。结果表明：花生蛋白青枣酸奶发酵制备最佳工艺条件为花生蛋白粉与水的料液比1∶10(g/mL)、纯牛奶添加量20%(以花生蛋白粉和水的总质量计，下同)、发酵温度42℃、青枣浆添加量15.00%、蔗糖添加量6.50%、发酵时间6.0 h、发酵剂接种量2.90%,在此条件下制得的花生蛋白青枣酸奶的感官评分为92.16。在花生蛋白青枣酸奶中检测出17种氨基酸，总氨基酸含量为54.08%,其中必需氨基酸含量为17.76%;花生蛋白青枣酸奶对DPPH·和·OH清除能力优于原味酸奶。     

Whey Wine from Concentrates of Reconstituted Acid Whey Powder

A process for making table whey wine is based on fermenting with lactose-fermenting yeast, high-lactose (18 to 25%) whey concentrates, or permeates from reconstituted cottage cheese acid-whey powder. Deproteinization of the whey concentrates which gave a clear fermentation substrate that was rich in lactose was attained through ultrafiltration at about 40 C. Salts were reduced by electrodialysis to levels permitting optimum fermentation of sugar to alcohol. Active fermentation occurred at 25 to 30 C during 5 to 7 days.The table whey wine had 10% (vol/ vol), or more, alcohol that was derived wholly from lactose. After the finishing step, the fresh wine was clear, pale yellow, and had a pleasing tart taste and bouquet free from whey flavor. Its body was full.     

乳清饮料

介绍了利用多种类型的乳清（包括天然的干酪乳清、干酪素乳清、超滤乳清透过液或保留液、超滤乳清蛋白浓缩物或粉、脱盐的或脱蛋白的乳清粉等等）以制备各种类型的饮料（包括清澄透明的、乳状液型的、乳酸发酵的、酒精性发酵的、充入CO2的等等）,达到高营养、高生理价值、良好风味的乳清饮料。证明乳清饮料今后开发前景广阔。     

乳清多肽的制备及乳清多肽酒的研制

采用蛋白酶水解乳清粉,并对乳清多肽进行酵母菌发酵,并对发酵所得乳清酒进行风味调配。乳清粉最佳的水解条件为:[E/S]=1%、T=60℃、pH=9.0、时间=120min,水解度为DH=21.22%。乳清多肽酒的最优发酵条件:接种量为5%、起始pH为7.5、温度为22℃、发酵60h,酒度可达到3.9。多肽乳清酒的最佳基本调配是:酸量(苹果酸:柠檬酸=1:1)为0.1%、蔗糖为7%、环状糊精为0.6%。     

乳清的营养价值及乳清饮料的研究现状

乳清是工业生产干酪及干酪素的副产品,乳清的营养成分相当于除去酪蛋白的脱脂乳,约占牛乳营养成分的５５％,乳固体达６％－７％,其中粗蛋白１％,粗脂肪０．３％－０．４％,乳糖３％－５％。国外多利用乳甭生产乳清粉和乳清蛋白浓缩物等。乳清饮料有３种形式：１）乳清与果汁直接调配;２）制做无蛋白澄清饮料;３）发酵型乳清饮料。所以,乳清的合理开发利用十分重要。     

Drying of Whey

The properties of lactose in whey powder and the effect of crystallization are assessed and the process of mutarotation described. Concentration in an evaporator and the influence of heat­treatment in the process of whey is considered and the action of proteins on viscosity shown. Thermoplasticity in the drying of whey concentrate and the possibility of producing a high-quality non­caking powder are discussed. Editor's summary     

Lactose Hydrolysis in Ultrafiltration-Treated Cottage Cheese Whey with Various Whey Protein Concentrations

Lactose hydrolysis by soluble Aspergillus oryzaeβ-galactosidase was studied in (a) ultrafiltration (UF) permeate containing varying concentrations of isolated β-lactoglobulin or serum albumin; (b) UF retentate at four protein levels; and (c) cottage cheese whey during the UF treatment in an Amicon stirred cell unit. The rate and extent of lactose hydrolysis achieved in all the conditions studied was independent of protein concentration in the whey preparations used. After 6 hr of the simultaneous UF-lactose hydrolysis process at room temperature, similar hydrolysis level was achieved in the retentate as in the batch hydrolysis process. The average degree of hydrolysis in the permeate was 52.6%. The retentate added to milk at room temperature hydrolysed 93% of the lactose in 15 hr.     

Effect of Milk Pretreatment on the Whey Composition and Whey Powder Functionality

ABSTRACT:  Changes in cheese production processes may have a significant effect on subsequent whey composition and functionality. To control these changes is important since whey is commonly processed into ingredients used in numerous applications in the food industry. In this study, the characteristics of 4 demineralized whey powders (DWPs) were studied. DWPs were produced from partially high-temperature heat-treated (HH), ultrafiltered (UF), or ultrafiltered high-temperature heat-treated (UFHH) milk. DWP produced from pasteurized milk was used as a reference (REF). All experiments were carried out on industrial scale. The quantity of nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) in total protein (TP) was elevated by HH, and reduced by UF treatment. Whey protein content of whey was significantly elevated by UF, but reduced when HH treatment was applied. The volume and total solids of UFHH whey were significantly reduced compared to REF and HH wheys, but the chemical composition was comparable. There were no significant differences in the degree of denaturation, viscosity, water-binding capacity, emulsifying capacity, or emulsion stability of the DWPs, but heat stability was significantly elevated by UF treatment.     

Whey Protein Isolate and Glyco-macropeptide Recovery from Whey Using Ion Exchange Chromatography

ABSTRACT: Cation exchange was used to recover whey protein isolate (WPI) from sweet whey, and the effluent was fed to an anion exchanger to recover glycomacropeptide (GMP). Nearly all of the major whey proteins (α-lactalbu-min, β-lactoglobulin, immunoglobulin G, and serum albumin) and about half of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were recovered by the cation exchanger. No GMP was recovered by the cation exchanger. The anion exchanger recovered nearly all of the GMP from the effluent of the cation exchanger, accounting for about half of the remaining TKN. This process is the first to simultaneously manufacture WPI and GMP from a single stream of whey, increasing the value obtained from whey.