1，2—（2′—对甲苯磺酰基乙氧基）—苯的合成改进

本文报道1,2－（2′－对甲苯磺酰基乙氧基）－苯的合成改进,改进后反应条件温和,产物容易处理,收率较好。     

4，5—（2′，3′—二硫基—1，4—丁二醇）—1，3—二硫杂环戊烯—2—硫酮的合成研究

通过4,5－二硫基－1,3－二硫杂环戊烯－2－硫酮（DMIT）的钠盐与2,3－二溴－1,4－丁二醇的反应成功的合成了题目化合物。比较了DMIT钠盐与DMIT锌配合物（DMIT）2Zn(NBu4）2的亲核反应能力,讨论了反应时间、反应温度、碱的用量等条件对反应的影响。并用IR、^1HNMR、MS对目标化合物进行了表征。     

新型阻燃剂2，2—二（氯甲基）—1，3—亚丙基—四（2—氯乙基）二磷酸酯的合成研究

对阻燃剂2，2－二（氯甲基）－1，3－亚丙基－四（2－氯乙基）二磷酸酯（简称P－CEP）的合成进行了研究，以季戊本醇和三氯化磷为起始原料，通过闭环，开环和缩合反应合成目标化合物。     

3—二氯乙酰基—2—甲基—2—乙基—1，3—恶唑烷的合成研究

以w(NaOH)=33%水溶液为催化剂、乙醇胺、丁酮和二氯乙酰氯为原料，一步法合成了3－二氯乙酰基－2－甲基－2－乙基－1，3－恶唑烷。采用正交实验设计获得最佳反应条件；三氯甲烷做溶剂，反应温度－4－4℃，反应搅拌时间1h，产物收率78．6％。产品经红外光谱、核磁共振和元素分析确证。     

反式,反式—1,4—二苯基—1,3—丁二烯的沸石NaZSM—5中的光氧化…

本文研究了反式，反式－１，４－二苯基－１，３－丁二烯（ＤＰＢ）在沸石ＮａＺＳＭ－５中的光敏氧化反应，在溶液中９，１０－二氰基蒽（ＤＣＡ）敏化光氧化反应有两种机制：单重态氧机制和电子转移产生超氧负离子机制，我们把ＤＰＢ吸附在沸石ＺＳＭ－５孔道中，ＤＣＡ溶解于沸石外部溶剂季戊四醇三甲醚中，溶剂和敏化剂都不能进入沸石孔道，光照反应后，在沸石孔道中只得到ＤＰＢ的单重态氧的反应产物，没有电子转移的产物产生，     

2—氨基—5—硝基噻唑的合成研究

以乙酸乙烯酯为原料，经氯化、水解与硫脲环合反应制备2－氨基噻唑，收率91％。将其在硫酸体系中，经成盐－硝化“一锅法”合成2－氨基－5－硝基噻唑。当反应物n（2－氨基噻唑）：n（硫酸）：n（硝酸）＝1：4：1．05，30℃反应4小时，硝化产物收率为81％。     

E—2′—（1—咪唑基）—o—（α—甲基对卤苄基）—2，4—二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐的合成与结构表征

首先以间二氯苯、氯乙酰氯、咪唑为原料合成E－2′－（1－咪唑基）－2,4－二氯乙酮肟（I）和以氯苯或溴苯合成对氯（对溴）－α－氯乙苯（ⅡA和ⅡB）,Ⅰ分别与ⅡA和ⅡB反应,生成E－2′－（1－咪唑基）－o－（α－甲基对卤苄基）－2,4－二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐二个新化合物,产率为60．0％和56．0％,二者的结构经元素分析、IR和^1HNMR表征。     

2—噻吩乙胺的合成

以噻吩为起始原料,经过Vilsmeier反应,Darzens反应和Leuckart反应得到2－噻吩乙胺,总收率为52．4％,本合成线路对传统的合成方法进行了改进,简化了反应步骤,所用原料易得,价廉,是工业化生产值重探索的途径。     

2，2—二甲基—2，3—二氢Bai啶的合成

以1,8－二氨基萘和丙酮为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,对甲苯磺酸催化下合成了2,2－二甲基2－,3－二氢Bai啶,适宜的反应条件为：原料摩尔比（1,8－二氨基萘／丙酮）1：15对甲苯磺酸用量1％（以1,8－二氨基萘计）,反应时间1．0小时,反应温度为55－60℃,收率为84．0％,UV,IR,1HMR符合结构特征,滤液循环套用后,产品收率由84．0％提高到92．9％,套用4次时,产品质量基本稳定。     

5—烷基—2—（4—氰基苯基）—1，3—二恶烷的合成

对5－烷基－2－（4－氰基苯基）－1，3－二恶烷的合成进行了研究，以5－烷基－2－（4－氰基苯基）－1，3－二恶烷的合成为例，论述了以溴代烷和丙二酸二乙酯为初始原料，采用相转移催化烃基化反应合成了2－戊基丙二酸二乙酯，收率91．7％；进而以四氢铝锂和硼氢化钠为还原剂于0－20℃在四氢呋喃溶剂中合成了2－戊基丙二醇，收率≥80％；再与对氰莽本甲醛在催化剂氯化钙存在下反应全盛了5－烷基－2－（4－氰基苯基）－1，3－二恶烷，收率≥90％，并通过核磁共振氢谱和红外光谱证实了其结构。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.