稀土材料的重要应用

介绍了近年来涌现出来的重要稀土材料，光学玻璃、稀土发光材料、稀土陶瓷材料、稀土磁性材料，稀土贮氢材料，稀土硼化物，稀土发热材料，稀土无机颜料和涂料，稀土塑料等。     

稀土储备,中国说了算

中国最大的稀土企业包钢稀土日前发布公告，宣布已获得政府批准，将兴建10个稀土氧化物储备设施，总储量在20万吨以上。中国的稀土政策一直备受外国的关注与质疑。美国《华尔街日报》曾撰文指责中国控制稀土出口，破坏世界稀土供应。如今，包钢稀土兴建战略储备设施的消息，大大方方地告诉西方：稀土是中国的资源，中国有权处置，无需你们指手画脚。     

中国稀土业现状和发展前景

中国稀土业现状和发展前景中国稀土开发公司总工程师刘余九中国稀土工业包括稀土矿物资源的采选、冶炼和应用产品的生产企业，形成了比较完整的稀土工业体系。随着稀土用途的不断地开发，稀土产品的市场也逐年扩大，自１９８８年以来，稀土产品的消费量以１１％的速度递增...     

我国稀土工业发展现状及进展

本文介绍了我国稀土资源储量及开采情况、稀土冶金及稀土材料工业发展状况、稀土应用市场与进出口情况、稀土科技新进展等，重点对包头混合型稀土精矿、四川氟碳铈矿和南方离子吸附型稀土矿3类主要稀土工业资源的冶炼分离工艺技术进行了综合评述，探讨了我国稀土工业的发展趋势，指出了稀土行业存在的主要问题，并提出了下一步的发展建议。     

做好稀土统计促进产业发展

20世纪60年代初，我国的稀土生产开始走向工业化道路。60—70年代期间，稀土工业生产达到了相当的发展水平，稀土生产工厂也建立了生产数据统计的报表，向冶金主管部门报告，在主管部门的分析汇总以后，出版《冶金统计》文本（其中包括稀土生产数据）。1973年，我国稀土产品开始出口之后，海关和贸易部门也作了一些稀土出口数据的统计，如上这些稀土数据对于次年的稀土生产、产品出口计划，国家稀土规划和历次全国稀土会议等都具有重要的指导作用。80—90年期间，由于稀土生产，应用和国内外市场的迅速发展，所以对稀土统计工作的要求更高，数据要更完整，工作要更细化。因此，除了做好上述稀土统计工作之外，我国有色金属系统对稀土统计更加重视，不但有年报表，还出版《有色金属统计》（稀土部分月刊）杂志，并定期出版有色金属统计“文本”。因稀土产品出口增多，故出口统计更加全面的系统化。在建立了全国稀土办以后，对全国稀土统计工作更重视和加强，并对稀土统计数据进行了分析总结之后，从1986年开始每年编写《中国稀土年评》（至今已有18年年评），其内容涉及全国稀土生产、应用、出口行业动态，存在问题及今后展望。     

我国稀土市场走向好转

我国稀土市场走向好转在１９９０年下半年至１９９１年底的时期，我国稀土市场处于低谷阶段，稀土工业出现不景气的局面，其主要原因是：（１）稀土建设过多、生产稀土产品供大于求，市场不活；（２）国外购稀土原料堆存，稀土产品产量也大，使我国稀土产品出口受阻，创汇...     

澳洲可能成主要稀土出产国

据悉，中国压制稀土出口的行动，将有助澳洲稀土产业的迅速发展。业内消息人士称，澳洲的稀土蕴藏量占全球46％，而且稀土价格不菲，可能仅仅在几年间便成为全球其中一个主要稀土出产国。     

稀土加入时机对重轨钢成分及夹杂物影响

针对重轨钢“BOF→LF→VD→CC”生产工艺中不同时机添加稀土的效果进行工业试验研究，通过对不同工序加入稀土的重轨钢铸坯进行取样，对样品的稀土含量及夹杂物尺寸、数密度、形貌等进行分析。结果表明：VD后加稀土生产的铸坯中稀土收得率为11.73%,高于LF后加稀土生产的铸坯中稀土收得率2.83%。结合全流程氧含量分析结果，表明稀土加入钢中后就参与脱氧反应，反应产物上浮去除；稀土的加入可有效降低钢中夹杂物尺寸，相较于不加稀土的重轨钢，LF后加稀土和VD后加稀土生产的稀土重轨钢铸坯样品中，夹杂物长度平均值分别由9.28μm降低至7.91、1.42μm,平均宽度由5.71μm降低至4.81、2.27μm;稀土的加入可降低夹杂物评级，对A类、B类、D类夹杂物评级降低效果明显，其中VD后加稀土生产的重轨钢铸坯样品夹杂物评级更优。通过不同工序加入稀土试验对比发现，VD后加稀土的工艺更能提高重轨钢夹杂物变质的能力。SEM及EDS分析结果表明，稀土主要存在于硅钙镁铝系夹杂物中，并使硅钙镁铝系夹杂物由水滴形变为球形，表面发生硫的富集；对硫化锰夹杂分析结果表明，VD后加稀土工艺可使钢中硫化锰与硅钙镁铝系夹杂...     

稀土在合金中应用的新进展

稀土在合金中应用的新进展北京有色金属研究总院钟俊辉稀土在有色合金和功能材料中的应用，近年来发展很快。除了稀土贮氢合金、稀土永磁材料之外，稀土铝镁合金、稀土光磁盘材料以及稀土超磁致伸缩材料取得了迅速的发展，促进了稀土在合金中应用的开发。随着研制工作的深...     

我国稀土市场走向好转

我国稀土市场走向好转在１９９０年下半年至１９９１年底的时期，我国稀土市场处于低谷阶段，稀土工业出现不景气的局面，其主要原因是：（１）稀土厂建设过多、生产稀土产品供大于求，市场不活；（２）国外购稀土原料堆存，稀土产品产量也大，使我国稀土产品出口受阻，创...     

无缝钢管中非金属夹杂物特性研究

峰位于4869 eV位置,对应于元素锡的四价氧化态。锡泥中含有的主要成分为SnO2。     

Development of RH technology in China over past decade

Due to fast development of Chinese steel industry,continuous adjustment of product,improvement of quality,research of value-added product,RH technology is significantly developed.More and more steel plants are covered with RH facilities.RH ratio is growing rapidly as well.Over past decade,through assimilating advanced foreign technologies and further refining them,Chinese large scale steel plants master the technology of RH production,operation,maintenance and make it more widespread.RH functions are well applied and improved.RH is more widely effectively put into use.Through independent innovation,RH core devices and technology,such as RH vacuum pump,oxygen top lance,vacuum vessel preheating lance,ladle lifting device etc.have realized localization.The development of equipment design,software design,equipment manufacturing technology,equipment mounting,test technology and EPC management makes equipment configuration more flexible,equipment more functional and stable,easier to operate and maintain.It also guarantees highly effective and low energy consumption production and quality of steel,reaches international advanced level,lowers the cost of RH construction and operation,makes after-sake service more convenient. How to continuously optimize and develop RH process,equipment and control technology,in order to meet the needs of product with more reasonable and economic process,exploit potentialities,build more effective,lower cost,lower energy consumption,protecting environment RH facilities will be the key point of future RH technology development in China.     

Science and Engineering for Space: Technologies from Space 88

This paper highlights technology development for space exploration. It draws on the proceedings of Space 88, Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space, which includes 125 papers and 1,349 pages providing in‐depth discussions of space policy, extraterrestrial basing, space stations, orbiting structures, and areas of special interest. In the space station and orbiting structures (orbital facilities) section, papers discuss the engineering, construction, and operations of orbiting space systems. Papers in the extraterrestrial basing section deal with the engineering, construction, and operations challenges faced in development of bases and operations on extraterrestrial bodies. The special interest (interacting disciplines) section provides a discussion of challenges facing us in meeting needs for space power, life support, human factors, astronomy, education, and management. The purpose of this volume on engineering, construction, and operations of facilities and bases in space is to encourage and stimulate the development of the required technologies. The concluding section of this paper focuses on space policy and a view toward the future.     

Relationship of hardiness and religiousness to depression and anger.

Both hardiness and religiousness share spirituality, in the sense of searching for meaning in one's life, and have been shown to have a buffering effect on stresses that maintains and enhances performance, morale, and health. This study investigates how hardiness and religiousness compare in their relationship to depression, anger, and the coping and social support mechanisms whereby they may have these relationships. Participants were military and governmental personnel who completed accepted measures of hardiness, religiousness, and other variables on a volunteer basis. Correlational and multiple regression analyses showed that, by comparison with religiousness, hardiness has the larger and more comprehensive negative relationship with depression and anger, and positive relationship with coping and social support. The conceptual and empirical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

中国高炉炼铁技术装备发展成就与展望

 近40年来，我国钢铁工业取得了巨大进步，钢铁产量连续多年居世界第一。我国高炉炼铁技术装备在大型化、现代化、高效化、长寿化等方面发展成就显著。2000年以来，一批5000m3以上特大型高炉、500m2以上大型烧结机、7.63m超大容积焦炉和年产400万t/a以上大型球团生产线相继建成投产，一系列自主研发、集成创新的炼铁关键技术在生产实践中取得重大应用成效。在技术装备大型化的同时，高炉富氧喷煤、无料钟炉顶、煤气干法除尘、顶燃式热风炉及高风温、高效低耗烧结技术、大型清洁炼焦技术等先进技术及其装备研发与应用成效显著，有力推动了炼铁技术装备进步。到本世纪中叶，我国钢铁工业格局和流程结构将发生重大变革，减量化、绿色化、智能化、高效化将是未来一个时期炼铁技术装备的主要发展趋势。     

Accretion and Partitioning of Heavy Metals Associated with Snow Exposed to Urban Traffic and Winter Storm Maintenance Activities. II

Compared to storm water runoff, urban roadway snow exposed to traffic and winter maintenance practices has a much greater capacity to accumulate and retrain heavy metals and other anthropogenic constituents. Heavy metals once released in the environment are not degraded and partition between the dissolved and particulate-bound fractions. Residence time, solid loadings, alkalinity, hardness, and pH influence partitioning. Accretion and partitioning of Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Al, Ca, Na, Mg, and Fe from a series of urban highway sites in Cincinnati, Ohio, are compared to temporal accretion trends at a control site removed from the highway environment. Results from partitioning analysis indicate that Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Al, Mg, and Fe were all highly particulate bound, while Na and Ca were mainly dissolved for all highway sites. Partition coefficients for most heavy metals in snowmelt ranged from 103 to 106?L/kg. Concentrations for Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, and cyanide were orders of magnitude higher than at the control site and exceeded storm water runoff concentrations by one to two orders of magnitude. For residuals analyses, the specific surface area generally increased with decreasing particle size while the predominance of total surface area (SA) was associated with the medium to coarser size fractions. Heavy metal mass trends followed similar general trends to that of the SA. Characterization of accretion and partitioning of these metals is a necessary first step toward development of management and treatment strategies designed to address urban snow pollution.     

高砷高锡铅阳极泥中有价金属的综合回收

以再生铜电解过程中产生的高砷高锡铅阳极泥为原料,采用火法—湿法联合工艺,经水洗—脱砷—酸浸—蒸发结晶,在有效回收锡、铅、铜等有价金属的同时脱除砷。结果显示,砷的脱除率达到96.49%,锡、铅、铜、镍、锑的回收率分别为96.80%、99.32%、93.72%、94.15%、97.80%。     

ICP-AES法测定稀土金属中的钛、钼、钨、铌和钽

针对试样特点拟定了加大称样量以减轻偏析,以浓硝酸溶解样品破坏碳化物,加入氢氟酸助溶,分离稀土基体同时络合钛、钼、钨、铌和钽的方法,无须基底匹配,采用工作曲线法成功地测定了金属镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钇中的钛、钼、钨、铌和钽量,测定范围:0.0050%～0.50%。     

Introduction to Ceramic Matrix Composites in Aerospace Applications

A review of ceramic matrix composites is presented as related to their type, use, and fabrication. Ceramic composites have the potential for high fracture toughness, resistance to catastrophic failure, high strength, low density, low thermal expansion, and high temperature capability and oxidation resistance. For continued development, there are a number of key technical needs including new refractory matrices, new stable fibers, and inert coatings for flbers, as well as affordable techniques which produce the desired composite properties and accomplish complex shape capability. A better materials understanding is necessary, including fiber∕matrix interaction, and mechanics∕structure∕property relationships. Finally, technologies for transition to practice are required, including advanced materials characterization, component design methodology, large scale fabrication, attachment techniques, and nondestructive evaluation. While these composites are in the research and development stage, they offer the structural engineer excellent rigidity, high strength‐to‐weight ratio, high temperature capability and a noncatastrophic failure mode. Potential applications include turbine and internal combustion engines, aerospace structures, and high temperature leading edges and skins. A current application is the use of SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3 matrix composites as cutting tools. Significantly increased cutting speeds, improved interrupted cut performance and increased tool life are found.     

Of the self, by the self, and for the self: An intra-relational perspective on intra-psychic attunement and psychological change.

This article explores the concept of self-relatedness, integrating ideas drawn from attachment theory, developmental studies, object relations, and interpersonal neurobiology with a multiplicity model of self. I suggest that because self-regulation begins as a dyadic interpersonal process between child and attachment figure, the mind renders such regulatory abilities across the life span via an analogous, intra-relational dyad. This “internal attachment system,” comprising states representing our subjective experience and states reflecting on and appraising that experience coordinates its activity in ways that best regulate the individual's affects, thoughts, perceptions, and behavior. Chronic trauma and neglect create patterns of intrapsychic relatedness that compromise connection, receptivity, adaptive engagement, and harmony among elements of the self system, thereby disrupting the mind's development toward greater coherence and complexity (Siegel, 2007). This article will also discuss the clinical application of intra-relational principles with pervasively maltreated people using a method called Intra-relational (I-R) Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy (Lamagna & Gleiser, 2007). Applying Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy's use of dyadic affect regulation, the tracking of emergent somatic experience, and the processing positive effects associated with transformation to inner work with various internal parts of the self, I-R seeks to foster attunement and receptivity among previously dissociated parts of the individual. Creating intrapsychic safety provides an opening through which defensively excluded memories and associated emotions, thoughts, and impulses can be processed and integrated and increasingly coherent and complex forms of self-organization can be achieved. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)