功率对激光熔覆(Fe0.25Co0.25Ni0.25Cr0.125Mo0.125)86B14涂层组织均质性及磨损性能的影响*

目前激光熔覆缺少对涂层组织、相结构纵向均质性与性能关联的研究。采用激光熔覆技术,选取不同的激光功率,制备(Fe_0.25Co_0.25Ni_0.25Cr_0.125Mo_0.125)₈₆B₁₄ 高熵合金涂层;借助电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和 X 射线衍射仪(XRD)等观察涂层微观组织与物相纵向分布,利用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层不同深度部位显微硬度及磨损性能,分析激光功率对熔覆(Fe_0.25Co_0.25Ni_0.25Cr_0.125Mo_0.125)₈₆B₁₄ 涂层纵向组织、物相分布影响规律及磨损性能。结果表明：三种功率下,涂层均由 BCC+FCC 相、硬质相 Mo₂B 组成,Mo₂B 在枝晶间富集。随着功率的增加,涂层中底部显微组织由细枝晶向粗大的柱状晶转变。三种涂层硬度均由表及里先增加后降低,摩擦因数先降低后增加;但是当激光功率为 1.6 kW 时,涂层呈现以 BCC 相为主的 FCC+BCC 双相结构,且由表及里 BCC 相含量不断增加、Mo₂B 含量逐渐减少,涂层组织均质化最高,摩擦因数变化梯度最小,耐磨损性能最佳。激光功率会影响熔覆高熵合金耐磨涂层均质性,进而影响摩擦性能的稳定性。     

Ni48Co1Mn37In14- x Al x 磁性记忆合金马氏体相变、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能

采用电弧熔炼的材料制备方法，研究了微量的主族元素Al掺杂对Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In_14-xAl_x (0≤x≤2)磁性形状记忆合金显微组织、晶体结构、马氏体相变、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：用Al替代部分In，合金的晶粒尺寸明显减小，掺杂2at%的Al元素，平均晶粒尺寸缩小到10 μm左右，大约为未掺杂样品的三十五分之一；当Al掺杂量在0.25at%~2at%时，金属Al完全固溶到基体中，而且Al在合金中的固溶度随掺杂量的增加有所提升，当Al掺杂量为2at%时，Al在基体中的固溶度接近2at%；随着Al对In的取代，室温下合金由L2₁立方奥氏体与单斜6M马氏体的两相结构转变为单一的6M调制马氏体相结构，晶胞体积逐渐减小，马氏体相变温度呈现上升趋势；合金抗压强度不断增大，Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In₁₂Al₂的抗压缩断裂强度与Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In₁₄相比提高了160%，压缩应变也由5.46%增加到6.36%；适量的Al替代In后，合金在人工海水中的耐腐蚀性能总体呈现不断增强的趋势，Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In₁₂Al₂合金的耐腐蚀性能明显高于Ni₄₈Co₁Mn₃₇In₁₄合金，且其耐腐蚀性接近于304不锈钢。     

Cu-Fe64Ni32Co4合金显微组织及热物理性能研究

本研究利用相图计算的CALPHAD方法和真空电弧熔炼技术,设计并制备了Cu_x(Fe_0.64Ni_0.32Co_0.04)_100-x(x=30, 45, 60, wt. %)系列合金。实验研究了该系列合金在不同热处理工艺时的显微组织,热导率以及热膨胀系数。研究结果表明：Cu-Fe₆₄Ni₃₂Co₄系列合金在600 °C和800 °C时效处理后均为fcc富铜相和fcc富因瓦(铁镍钴)相组成的各向同性的多晶合金。该系列合金在1000 °C淬火并在600 °C时效处理50 h后,其热膨胀系数变化范围为6.88~12.36×10_-6 K_-1;热导率变化范围为22.91~56.13 W.m_-1.K_-1;其热导率明显高于因瓦合金,其中Cu₃₀(Fe_0.64Ni_0.32Co_0.04)₇₀与 Cu₄₅(Fe_0.64Ni_0.32Co_0.04)₅₅合金的热膨胀系数可以与电子封装中半导体材料的热膨胀系数相匹配。     

Mo添加对Al19Fe20- x Co20- x Ni41Mo2 x 共晶高熵合金摩擦学性能的影响

研究了Al₁₉Fe_20-xCo_20-xNi₄₁Mo_2x（x=0,1,2,3,4,5）共晶高熵合金（EHEAs）的摩擦学性能。结果表明,添加微量Mo的EHEA可形成面心立方（fcc）+B2共晶组织,而添加相对较高含量Mo的EHEAs可形成fcc+B2+μ树枝状组织。Mo元素有利于提高L1₂相的强度和B2相的延性。然而,随着Mo含量的增加,生成的富Mo μ相降低了EHEAs的强度和塑性。Al₁₉Fe₁₈Co₁₈Ni₄₁Mo₄ EHEA具有高强度和高延展性的最佳组合。增加Mo含量可以提高EHEAs的抗氧化性。随着Mo含量的增加,EHEA在滑动过程中形成了抗氧化性增强的摩擦氧化物层,摩擦系数单调下降。本研究为Al₁₉Fe_20-xCo_20-xNi₄₁Mo_2x EHEAs的摩擦学性能研究提供了指导。     

Nb含量对Fe0.5MnNi1.5CrNb x 高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

采用真空感应熔炼法制备了Fe_0.5MnNi_1.5CrNb_x（x=0,0.05,0.1,摩尔比）高熵合金,并分析了不同Nb含量对其组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,不含Nb元素的合金具有单相fcc结构,其抗拉强度和断裂延伸率（即延展性）分别为519 MPa和47%。添加少量的Nb(x=0.05)后出现(200)织构和少量Fe₂Nb Laves相,合金的延展性增加到55%,并且抗拉强度增加到570 MPa。当Nb含量增加到x=0.1时,织构减少,而Fe₂Nb Laves相增多,抗拉强度和延展性分别为650 MPa和45%。     

Ni-B-C对La0.94Mg0.06Ni3.49Co0.73Mn0.12Al0.20储氢合金电化学性能的影响研究

为提高新型AB₃型储氢合金La_0.94Mg_0.06Ni_3.49Co_0.73Mn_0.12Al_0.20的电化学性能,将球磨法制备的Ni-B-C粉末按不同重量比添加到合金中。采用X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析合金的相结构和表面形貌,添加Ni-B-C粉末后,合金相结构没有变化,仍由LaNi₅相和La₂Ni₇相两个相组成,但合金表面出现了细小颗粒。添加Ni-B-C粉末后,合金电极的最大放电容量和放电容量保持率均提高。当添加重量百分比为10%的Ni-B-C粉末后,电极的最大放电容量从346 mAh/g增加到363 mAh/g,50个循环后的放电容量保持率从70%提高到77%,交换电流密度I₀与极限电流密度I_L分别为106 mA/g和987 mA/g。动电位极化测试表明,电极的抗腐蚀能力也有所增强。研究结果表明,Ni-B-C可以提高AB₃型储氢合金的综合电化学性能。     

复合粘结La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.7- x Mn x Si1.3H1.8 磁工质的磁性能

采用中频感应炉制备La_0.8Ce_0.2Fe_11.7-xMn_xSi_1.3母合金并退火,将合金饱和氢化后破碎成粉末。通过环氧树脂粘结,将居里温度T_C间隔为5 K的多种La_0.8Ce_0.2Fe_11.7-xMn_xSi_1.3H_1.8（x=0.23,0.26,0.29,0.32,质量分数,%）合金粉末进行混合粘结,提高合金的磁熵半峰宽。用VersaLab和绝热温变直接测量仪测试粘结样品的磁性能。结果表明,与单一成分粘结样品相比,混合粘结样品的最大等温磁熵变有所降低,磁熵半峰宽以及相对制冷能力有所提高。含4种成分的混合粘结样品的相对制冷能力可以达到139.2 J/kg。     

Cu添加对FeCoZrB非晶合金热稳定性和晶化过程的影响

本文选择在低B含量的Fe₄₂Co₄₂Zr₇B₉合金和高B含量的Fe₃₉Co₃₉Zr₇B₁₅合金基础上添加1at.%Cu,制备Fe_41.5Co_41.5Zr₇B₉Cu₁和Fe_38.5Co_38.5Zr₇B₁₅Cu₁非晶合金,利用同步热分析仪(STA), X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)测试分析合金的晶化曲线及晶化相的结构,研究Cu添加对Fe₄₂Co₄₂Zr₇B₉和Fe₃₉Co₃₉Zr₇B₁₅非晶合金热稳定性和晶化过程的影响。结果表明,Cu添加稍微提高了Fe₄₂Co₄₂Zr₇B₉非晶合金的热稳定性,明显提高了Fe₃₉Co₃₉Zr₇B₁₅非晶合金的热稳定性。对于Fe₄₂Co₄₂Zr₇B₉和Fe₃₉Co₃₉Zr₇B₁₅非晶合金,晶化初期XRD存在明显的峰位移动;对于添加Cu后的Fe_41.5Co_41.5Zr₇B₉Cu₁和Fe_38.5Co_38.5Zr₇B₁₅Cu₁合金,晶化过程中几乎没有峰位移动。TEM测试表明Cu添加改善了纳米晶粒分布的均匀度。Cu添加对高B含量Fe₃₉Co₃₉Zr₇B₁₅合金热稳定性和晶化过程的影响大于低B含量的Fe₄₂Co₄₂Zr₇B₉合金。     

具有高非晶形成能力的高熵合金Cu29Zr32Ti15Al5Ni19

用铜模吸铸法成功地合成了由两个固溶体相构成的高熵合金(HEA) Cu₂₉Zr₃₂Ti₁₅Al₅Ni₁₉和相同成分的非晶态合金(HE-BMG)。实验结果表明该成分的高熵合金具有高的非晶形成能力。铸态高熵合金Cu₂₉Zr₃₂Ti₁₅Al₅Ni₁₉的抗压强度为1127MPa。在750℃保温2小时后的Cu₂₉Zr₃₂Ti₁₅Al₅Ni₁₉高熵合金的硬度仍高达826HV。     

考虑加工硬化和动态软化的FeCrNiMn中熵合金本构模型

采用等温压缩分析了Fe_0.25Cr_0.25Ni_0.25Mn_0.25中熵合金在900~1050 ℃、0.001~1 s^-1应变速率范围内的流变行为。结果表明,热变形以动态再结晶为主,与其他低堆垛层错能的合金一样,流变曲线呈单峰形状。建立了本构模型来描述整个变形过程,分析了加工硬化行为和动态软化过程。利用Kocks-Mecking图发现,在加工硬化阶段,合金的硬化速率随应力呈线性降低,因此应力-应变行为可以用传统的位错密度模型来描述。同时,采用经典的JMAK方程描述由动态再结晶引起的软化过程。此外,对本构模型进行了进一步的修改,减少了参数的数量,简化了回归分析。所提出的半物理模型不仅可以准确地预测应变范围外的应力-应变行为,而且可用于其他低层错能合金。     

DFT studies of hydrogen storage properties of Mg0.75Ti0.25

Absorption energies of hydrogen in Mg_0.75Ti_0.25 alloys as a function of the hydrogen concentration were calculated using Density Functional Theory. Four types of structures of alloys and their hydrides including TiAl₃, ZrAl₃, AuCu₃, and segregated types of structures were considered. The stability of the configurations, and the structural and electronic bonding properties were studied. The hydrogenation properties depend highly on the structure of the alloys. The ordered alloys have very similar properties to that of pure Mg. For segregated alloys, the hydrogenation properties can be divided to Ti-like, ordered alloy-like and Mg-like from low to high hydrogen concentration. The formation energies show that for the four structures, segregated Mg_0.75Ti_0.25 is favored for alloys, whereas TiAl₃ type of Mg_0.75Ti_0.25H₂ are favored for hydrides. Therefore hydrogen induced structural rearrangement of the intermetallic structures of the Mg_0.75Ti_0.25 might occur upon hydrogen cycling. For the non-homogenous Mg-Ti-H system, further phase segregation of Ti in Mg might occur. Partial dehydrogenation with some hydrogen remaining in the Ti-rich region may improve reversibility.     

Phase formation in mechanically alloyed AlxCoCrCuFeNi (x = 0.45, 1, 2.5, 5 mol) high entropy alloys

Alloying behavior and phase transformations in Al_xCoCrCuFeNi (x = 0.45, 1, 2.5, 5 mol) multi-component high entropy alloys that are synthesized by mechanical alloying were studied. Two FCC phases along with a BCC phase were formed in Al_0.45CoCrCuFeNi and AlCoCrCuFeNi, while a single B2 phase was observed in higher Al containing alloys Al_2.5CoCrCuFeNi and Al₅CoCrCuFeNi. DSC analysis indicates that BCC phase present in the alloys could be Fe–Cr type solid solution. A detailed analysis suggests that two melting peaks observed during DSC in lower Al containing alloys can be attributed to that of Cu–Ni and Fe–Ni FCC solid solutions. The BCC phase disappears in Al_0.45CoCrCuFeNi and AlCoCrCuFeNi at high temperatures during DSC. However, Al₅CoCrCuFeNi retains its B2 structure despite of heating in DSC. Further, phases present in these alloys retain nanocrystallinity even after exposure to high temperatures. A critical analysis is presented to illustrate that solid solution formation criteria proposed for high entropy alloys in the literature are unable to explain the phase formation in the present study of alloys. Besides, these criteria seem to be applicable to high entropy alloys only under very specific conditions.     

Effects of La on microstructure and mechanical properties of NbMoTiVSi0.2 refractory high entropy alloys

To study the effects of La on the microstructure and mechanical properties of refractory high entropy alloys, NbMoTiVSi_0.2 alloys with different La contents were prepared. Phase constitution, microstructure evolution, compressive properties and related mechanisms were systematically studied. Results show that the alloys with La addition are composed of BCC solid solution, eutectic structure, MSi₂ disilicide phase and La-containing precipitates. Eutectic structure and most of La precipitates are formed at the grain boundaries. Disilicide phase is formed in the grains. La can change the grain morphologies from dendritic structure to near-equiaxed structure, and the average grain size decreases from 180 to 20 μm with the increase of La content from 0 to 0.5 at.%. Compressive testing shows that the ultimate strength and the yield strength increase with the increase of La content, which is resulted from the grain boundary strengthening. However, they cannot be greatly improved because of the formation of MSi₂ disilicide phase with low strength. The ductility decreases with the increase of La content, which is due to the La precipitates and brittle MSi₂ disilicide phase.     

Influence of Cu content on high temperature oxidation behavior of AlCoCrCuxFeNi high entropy alloys (x = 0; 0.5; 1)

Studies on the oxidation behavior of high entropy alloys from the Al-Co-Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni metallic system were conducted. Three different high entropy alloys were synthesized using arc-melting method: AlCoCrFeNi, AlCoCrCu_0.5FeNi and AlCoCrCuFeNi, with their crystal structures being respectively BCC, BCC and BCC + FCC. All alloys were oxidized in the air atmosphere at temperature of 1273 K for different time periods. Basing on the thermogravimetric result, the oxidation rate of the materials decreased with the increase of Cu content and the values of parabolic constants were on the level similar to those observed in Ni-Al intermetallic alloys. In all cases the oxide scale consisted of α-Al₂O₃, which exhibited poor adhesion to the surface during the cooling process, what was especially visible in alloys with Cu addition. In all oxidized samples a tendency towards formation of the Al-depleted FCC phase directly beneath the scale was observed. The phase constitution of all materials changed significantly during the oxidation process, with multiple new phases appearing in the system.     

B含量对FeCrCoNiMn高熵合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼炉制备了FeCrCoNiMnBx高熵合金,并对其微观组织和力学性能进行测试。未加入B元素时,合金组织具有单一FCC结构的胞状晶。B含量≥0.05时(at%),组织由FCC结构和具有树枝状和纳米颗粒状(Cr,Fe)₂B组成。随B含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度逐渐增加,硼含量为0.2(at%)时,合金的抗拉强度达到最大值610 MPa,但延伸率只有7%。B含量为0.1时,合金的综合力学性能最佳,抗拉强度为550MPa,延伸率为20%。故加入适量的B元素能提高高熵合金综合力学性能。     

AlCrCuFeNbxNiTi高熵合金组织与性能研究

采用电弧熔炼制备了AlCrCuFeNb_xNiTi (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0)高熵合金,研究不同Nb含量对AlCrCuFeNb_xNiTi高熵合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明：AlCrCuFeNb_xNiTi (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0)高熵合金物相主要包含有序FCC的L2₁相和Laves相,还有少量的BCC(A2)和FCC相;Nb元素的添加能促进Laves相的生成且对Cu元素的偏析具有一定的抑制效果;通过相判据参数计算找到了适合AlCrCuFeNb_xNiTi高熵合金的相形成判据;添加适量的Nb元素能够改善AlCrCuFeNiTi六元高熵合金的力学性能;AlCrCuFeNb_0.5NiTi 高熵合金具有较好的综合力学性能,抗压强度达到1587.4 MPa,硬度达到568.8 HV;Nb元素含量过高时会形成过多的Laves相使合金表现出过早脆化现象。     

CeMn0.25Al0.25Ni1.5+x(x=0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1)合金的相结构和电化学性能

研究了CeMn0.25Al0.25Ni1.5+x(x=0.0,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9,1.1)超化学计量比合金的相结构和电化学性能。XRD、SEM和电化学性能测试结果表明:CeMn0.25Al0.25Ni1.5+x(x=0.0,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9,1.1)合金主要含有六方的CeAl相和立方的CeNi相,合金的粒径随x值的增大而变大。Ni的超化学计量比添加能够大大提高合金的电化学活性,298K时,合金的放电容量从x=0.0时的118.3mAh/g提高到x=1.1时的200.7mAh/g;338K时,其放电容量随x值增大呈先增后减的趋势,x=0.0合金的放电容量为170.4mAh.g-1,当x=0.9时,放电容量出现最大值271.4mAh/g。合金电极的P-C-T曲线表明:随Ni超化学计量的增加,合金的平衡氢压平台斜率变小,宽度增大,平衡氢压升高,这可能是使合金电极放电容量增加的主要原因。     

Effect of B/C ratio on the microstructure and grain refining efficiency of Al-Ti-C-B master alloy

A series of Al-Ti-C-B master alloys with different B/C ratios were prepared in the present study. It was found that with the increase of B/C ratio, the microstructure of Al-Ti-C-B was improved firstly and then became agglomerated at a very high B/C ratio. Furthermore, the grain refining performance of Al-Ti-C-B also varied with the increase of B/C ratio. The experimental results show that Al-Ti-C-B master alloy presents both a dispersive microstructure and a high grain refining efficiency at an optimum B/C ratio about 1/1. It is supposed that the improvement of Al-5Ti-0.25C-0.25B master alloy can be attributed to the high efficiency TiC_xB_y particles and a certain amount of TiB₂ particles.     

Microstructure and hydrogen storage characteristics of TiMn2−XVX alloys

In this paper, microstructure and hydrogen storage characteristics of TiMn_2−XV_X alloys were investigated by means of XRD, SEM, metallography and PCT tests. XRD tests showed that with the increase of V content the phase composition of these alloys changed from coexistent V based BCC phase and Laves phase to single V based BBC phase. Segregation of both V and Mn was weakened, simultaneously. Hydrogen storage capacity of these alloys increased with increasing V content. Both enthalpy change and entropy change of hydrogen absorption were augmented accompanied with the enhancement of hysteresis between hydrogen absorption and desorption.