共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 236 毫秒
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通过定量分析方法对法国亚麻纤维的化学成分进行分析,得出其化学组分分别为:脂蜡质1.06%、水溶物2.96%、果胶3.45%、半纤维素19%、纤维素66.6%、木质素4.22%、灰分0.68%;对比发现法国亚麻纤维的果胶、半纤维素和纤维素含量比国产亚麻纤维含量高;脂蜡质、水溶物和木质素含量比国产亚麻纤维含量低;灰分含量差异不大。用扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射法(XRD)等分析方法测定法国亚麻纤维微观形态结构和超分子结构,可知:法国亚麻纤维的内部分子结构紧密,纤维大分子在结晶区中排列较整齐,其取向度、结晶度比国产亚麻纤维稍高。通过对法国亚麻纤维成分和超分子结构形态的分析与研究为制定绿色环保的脱胶方案提供依据。 相似文献
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采用经处理的嫩江水对亚麻原茎进行脱胶,以脱胶完成时间为指标,考察脱胶最适宜工艺条件,旨在开发出一套具有北方特色的、高效实用的亚麻温水浸渍法脱胶技术体系。分别考查脱胶加酶量,脱胶液初始pH值和脱胶助剂对脱胶效果的影响,同时采用正交试验确定最佳工艺条件。通过改进的Fried测试来判断纤维分离程度,确定脱胶终点。实验结果表明:在温度37℃,加酶量1∶20,添加尿素为脱胶助剂,脱胶初始pH值为9时,脱胶完成时间最短。 相似文献
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《毛纺科技》2017,(6)
为研究木聚糖复合酶对亚麻脱胶及脱胶纤维的特性的影响,分别采用木聚糖酶(E1)与果胶裂解酶(E2)、酸性聚半乳糖醛酸酶(E3)和碱性聚半乳糖醛酸酶(E4)的复合酶液进行亚麻脱胶,以单独采用各果胶酶脱胶作对比,研究复合酶对亚麻脱胶的作用,并对复合酶脱胶后亚麻纤维热学性能及纤维微观结构进行了表征。通过对脱胶过程中亚麻纤维的分离度及脱胶后纤维中胶质含量研究显示,复合酶脱胶40 h与相对应的单酶脱胶69 h Fried评分和胶质含量相当;复合酶脱胶后纤维的热性能有所改善,纤维素热分解温度升高,纤维素结晶度提高;复合酶脱胶40 h的亚麻纤维光学显微镜观察显示,E12脱胶所得纤维分散良好,表面光洁。木聚糖复合酶能够有效促进亚麻脱胶,但对脱胶纤维中半纤维素含量影响不大。 相似文献
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为克服亚麻脱胶过程中酶液向麻茎渗透的屏障,并且节约酶的用量和缩短脱胶时间,采用弱酸对亚麻原茎进行预处理,再经酶法脱胶,以蒸馏水处理为对照,考察了CH_3COOH、NaH_2PO_4/H_3PO_4、H_2SO_4和H_3PO_4溶液预浸处理对亚麻原茎质量损失率及纤维分离程度的影响。以还原糖和总糖含量、纤维分离程度为指标,研究酸溶液种类和浓度对酶法亚麻脱胶的影响,并考察了H_2SO_4和H_3PO_4溶液处理后脱胶麻纤维的力学性能。结果表明,20 mmol/L的H_2SO_4或H_3PO_4溶液处理的亚麻原茎再经酶法脱胶其释放的还原糖和总糖均较高,纤维断裂强力可达150 cN以上,过高和过低浓度的酸溶液对脱胶都没有促进作用。 相似文献
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Flax enzymatic retting with composite enzyme produced by microbes with inexpensive substrates is widely researched due to less contamination and lower cost. Bacillus licheniformis HDYM-04, isolated from a liquid sample of flax retting pool, efficiently produced degumming enzymes after 48 h of fermentation with inexpensive konjaku flour, consisted of 587.5 U/mL pectinase, 365.2 U/mL mannanase, and 140.1 U/mL xylanase. Almost half the maximum activity of three above-mentioned degumming enzymes was maintained at pH 4.0–6.0 which demonstrated its stability in pH condition of flax retting. After 120 h of retting with this composite enzyme, scanning electronic microscopy showed more significant reduction in gummy components on the fiber surface than those of water retting. The fiber strength was 182.4 ± 9.3 N, 14.3% higher than water-retted samples. The long fiber rate and fiber yield also verified higher fiber productivity. The results permitted this degumming composite enzyme an applicable potential in flax retting. 相似文献
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亚麻脱胶后纤维的纵向结构和强力的研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
采用新的方法对亚麻进行浸渍,并探讨了浸渍后的亚麻的纵向结构和强力,从扫描电镜中发现纤维有支化现象.分析了亚麻在加工的不同阶段中强力产生差异的原因。 相似文献
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亚麻脱胶过程中常用酶类的动态变化 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对亚麻快速生物脱胶和温水沤麻过程中的果胶酶、木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、微生物、pH值和还原糖等进行了动态变化研究。结果表明,2种脱胶过程中果胶酶和木聚糖酶的变化趋势基本相似,酶活性脱胶前期均增加缓慢,中后期迅速增加;纤维素酶活性的变化趋势有明显的区别,快速生物脱胶的纤维素酶酶活性增加幅度小,酶活性低(0.05 IU/mL左右),温水沤麻的纤维素酶在发酵72 h后迅速增加,脱胶完成后酶活性达0.337 9 IU/mL;微生物的变化趋势基本相似,在脱胶前期迅速增加、脱胶完成时开始下降;pH值和还原糖量的变化趋势分别呈“U”型和“M”型。 相似文献
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对假单胞菌DA10(CGMCC No.3851)在亚麻粗纱煮练中的应用进行了研究。通过试验研究了发酵液用量、初始pH值、煮练温度和处理时间对细菌煮练的影响。试验表明:当发酵液用量150mL,初始pH值9,煮练温度40℃,时间7.5h左右时,细菌煮练可以获得较好的效果。但细菌煮练的作用较柔和,在细菌煮练前引入预处理可以明显改善细菌煮练效果,提高纤维分裂程度和纤维强度,其中以低浓度碱煮-细菌联合煮练的效果为最优。同时,也使用扫描电镜对胶质的去除情况进行分析,结果表明:经细菌煮练后的纤维虽获得了分裂但纤维上仍有胶质,而碱煮-细菌联合煮练后纤维上的胶质去除较彻底。 相似文献
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《Journal of Natural Fibers》2013,10(1):21-47
Abstract New methods for retting flax are sought to overcome problems in the current method of dew-retting of flax. Published data are reviewed and new data presented on the development and testing of a method to ret flax using pectinase-rich enzyme mixtures plus chelators based on cost and fiber yield and properties. In spray enzyme retting (SER), flax stems are crimped to physically disrupt the plant's protective barrier and then sprayed until soaked with, or briefly immersed in, an enzyme/chelator formulation. Flax is then incubated at temperatures optimal for enzyme activity, washed, and dried. Pilot scale tests, conducted with 10 kg samples of flax retted with a series of formulations, showed that this method effectively retted flax stems from a variety of sources, including fiber flax, mature fiber flax, and linseed straw. Fiber yield, strength, and fineness were significantly influenced by variations in enzyme-chelator amounts. Cellulases inpectinase mixtures appeared to preferentially attack dislocations in fibers and fiber bundles resulting in loss of fiber strength. Polygalacturonases alone effectively separated fiber from non-fiber components. The SER method proved to be an effective framework for further tests on enzyme-chelator formulations that now must be integrated with physical processing to optimize the extraction of flax fibers based on cost and fiber yield and properties. 相似文献