基于Karnopp摩擦模型的比例阀颤振响应研究

颤振有助于改善比例阀响应特性,其频率及幅度参数与比例阀结构参数直接相关。基于开环比例控制阀仿真模型,研究功率级阀芯的颤振响应、颤振信号降低摩擦滞环的机制并确定最优参数范围。建立仿真模型,颤振信号通过双占空比高频PWM形式引入,基于电磁场有限元方法构建比例电磁铁,采用Karnopp摩擦模型建立衔铁及功率级阀芯动力学方程。仿真结果表明:摩擦模型能够较好地表征电磁铁力滞环及阀芯流量滞环现象;在颤振信号激励下,阀芯产生颤振运动,摩擦力状态在静摩擦与动摩擦间切换,进而影响其响应特性;颤振频率和幅度参数存在最优区间,且由比例阀的结构参数决定。     

基于AMESim的先导阀芯驱动大流量可控阀动态特性仿真研究

为实现比例阀的流量精确控制，设计一种电机带动丝杠推动先导阀芯运动的大流量可控阀。在主阀控制腔内建立开启阀芯所需压力并设置流量连通，从而实现对流量的比例控制；利用AMESim平台进行仿真分析。阶跃响应特性表明：开始时刻，主阀芯发生动作，在t=0.05 s时保持在5.8 mm的开启位移处，主阀出口流量为285 L/min，达到设计标准。启闭特性表明：在t=0.05 s后，主阀芯速度存在显著的滞后性，直至主阀芯开启。级间位置匹配特性表明：开启阶梯信号时，主阀芯也发生跟随运动，完成快速响应；开启斜坡信号时，主阀跟随先导阀发生运动，但仍存在位移响应滞后且形成了0.5 mm稳态误差。     

Numerical Simulation on the Creep Damage Evolution of Nickel-Based Single Crystal Specimens with Slant-Angled Film Cooling Holes

针对含不同倾角气膜孔的镍基单晶试件的蠕变损伤发展进行了数值模拟,研究了倾角对蠕变特性的影响。气膜孔的倾角分别为0°,15°,30°和45°。结果表明,倾角不同,气膜孔周围的分切应力分布也不同。当倾角为0°,15°和30°时,裂纹扩展方向为θ=±54°,而当倾角为45°时,裂纹沿着θ=±46°的方向进行扩展。倾角为30°的试件有最长的失效寿命。在气膜孔周围的高应力区,分切应力、Mises等效应力和沿拉伸方向的应力σ11均出现了应力松弛现象,且随着时间的延长,应力都达到了稳定值。此外,倾角也影响着蠕变损伤的分布,当倾角为0°,15°,30°和45°时,最大损伤点分别出现在与水平方向成0°,0°,13°和26°的位置。     

2D数字伺服阀的频响特性分析

2D数字伺服阀为利用阀芯的双运动自由度原理设计而成导控型阀。阀芯的旋转由步进电机驱动;阀芯的轴向运动则由两端阀腔的静压力推动。为了克服传统的步进式数字阀（离散式比例阀）所固有的响应速度与量化误差的矛盾,步进电机采用特殊的跟踪控制算法,实现其输出角位移连续控制。本文主要对其频响特性进行分析。     

高压大流量水压比例阀负载特性研究北大核心

水液压技术具有无污染和良好的动态特性,为了提高液压支架中所使用的换向阀组的性能,提出一种新型水压比例换向阀。对其原理进行分析并建立仿真模型,在斜坡输入信号下,研究了比例阀的稳态控制特性与阀芯的随动特性。分析了流量对阀芯响应特性的影响,确定了在供液条件与外负载不相匹配的情况下,阀芯的响应特性较差,在这种工况下,比例阀依旧能够保持稳定。最后搭建了比例方向阀试验台,分析了空载条件下比例阀阀芯的随动特性,验证了仿真模型的正确性与设计的可行性。     

双向复位高速开关电磁阀动态响应特性仿真研究

高速开关电磁阀作为典型的伺服液压系统执行元件,逐渐成为高精密液压系统的核心部件之一。针对双复位弹簧式高速开关电磁阀的动态响应特性开展研究,建立高速开关电磁阀的多场耦合动力学模型,系统研究了高速开关电磁阀阀芯内径、弹簧刚度、线圈线径、工作温度、控制频率及占空比等对高速开关电磁阀阀芯所受到的电磁力和阀芯运动位移的影响,得到了高速开关电磁阀的优化设计参数,为进一步研制响应速度快、性能稳定、流量及承压范围大、环境适应性强的高速开关电磁阀奠定了一定的理论基础。     

一种五轴舵机机械手运动学分析及仿真试验研究

为分析和控制五轴舵机机械手的三维运动,构建数学模型,进行运动学分析。建立机械手位置舵机控制方程,采用激光雷达确定机器人三维坐标,并进行视觉识别定位。在Anaconda环境下,采用Python语言编写机械手末端位姿核心代码并利用LX-D15数字舵机进行仿真与试验,得到了影响机械手控制精度的参数的取值范围。结果表明：舵机具有断电记忆功能,各转角对偏差的影响从大到小依次为θ2、θ3、θ4、θ1、θ5;舵机转角θ1为-45°～0°、θ2为45°～90°,θ3为0°～45°、θ4为-120°～-90°、θ5为135°~180°情况下,机械手可以达到较高的控制精度     

水下液压冲击器配油阀的分析

配油阀是水下液压冲击器功能实现的关键部件.通过对锥阀芯的流量进行具体分析,确定锥阀芯的锥角角度.利用"水锤效应"的分析方法,对配油阀的设计参数进行验证.根据锥阀芯和配油阀阀芯的力平衡方程,对此配油阀进行仿真分析,从液压冲击、阀口流量和力分析等方面校验了配油阀的设计合理性.     

刚度和阻尼可调前桥油气悬架的设计

根据CF700型号拖拉机前桥悬架的参数要求,设计一种刚度和阻尼均可调的油气悬架系统。建立油气悬架刚度和阻尼的数学模型,计算油气弹簧的结构参数,仿真研究油气弹簧不同工作状态下的动刚度、阻尼力和输出力的特性以及各结构参数变化对油气弹簧输出力特性的影响。结果表明:油气弹簧液压缸有杆腔和无杆腔连通时阻尼力和悬架输出力较小,两腔分离时阻尼力和悬架输出力较大,通过调节两腔连通时节流面积的大小,可以调节悬架阻尼力和输出力;通过额外连通一个蓄能器,明显减小了油气弹簧的动刚度和悬架的输出力;比例阀节流孔径的大小影响悬架的阻尼力和输出力,节流孔径越大,悬架阻尼力和输出力越小。所设计的油气弹簧可以实现悬架"软"、"硬"状态的切换,并能在一定范围内对悬架刚度和阻尼进行调节。将油气悬架的刚度和阻尼系数线性化后代入振动仿真模型,得到前桥悬架拖拉机座椅安装位置垂向振动加速度均方根值、俯仰振动角加速度均方根值及前轮动载荷均方根值分别降低了9.2%、42.4%、70.3%,提高了拖拉机的行驶安全性和乘坐舒适性。该研究为后期开发半主动油气悬架提供重要理论依据。     

电液比例换向阀对汽车转向系统响应特性的影响

主要研究电液比例换向阀的阀芯直径、阀芯质量、弹簧刚度和弹簧预紧力等对汽车线控液压助力转向系统响应特性的影响。利用AMESim仿真软件建立了其液压模型并进行仿真,对比了不同参数对线控液压系统响应性能的具体影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.