MBR处理电镀前处理废水COD的工程设计

基于电镀前处理废水的性质,选用膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺对处理废水中COD进行了工程设计。对于MBR系统,从系统的角度综合整合了预处理和MBR工艺,并进行整体优化设计。工程运行实践表明该工艺处理电镀前处理废水是可行的,膜组件清洗周期较长,运行费用较低。当进水COD浓度为1000~1500 mg/L时,系统对COD的去除率超过95%,出水COD浓度保持在50 mg/L以下,达到排放标准。     

A/O-两级Fenton-BAF组合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液

针对经膜生物反应器(MBR)处理后,难以再进一步生化降解的垃圾渗滤液,提出采用接触厌氧/好氧-两级Fenton-曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺进行深度处理。原水COD约为1221mg/L,总氮约为201mg/L,运行结果表明,该工艺运行稳定,系统对COD的去除率达到93.8%,对总氮的去除率达到91.4%,出水COD80 mg/L、总氮20 mg/L完全达到生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准(GB 16889-2008)中表2的排放标准。     

电化学预处理与MBR工艺联合处理制膜废水

针对某制膜企业废水COD值高,可生化性差的水质特点,在原有MBR(膜生物反应器)生化处理的基础上,增加曝气微电解-混凝/离心-催化电氧化对该制膜废水进行预处理,提高废水的可生化性,使通过MBR处理的废水达标排放。现场测定结果表明,预处理设备运行效果良好,整套系统处理出水COD100mg/L、BOD20mg/L、NH3-N10 mg/L。催化电氧化预处理与MBR生化联合工艺在高浓度难生化有机废水处理方向上具有比较好的应用前景。     

新型MBR膜生物反应器在重金属有机废水中的应用研究

本研究通过研发一种新型MBR膜生物反应器(专利技术),应用于电镀、线路板等重金属废水中的有机废水的试验研究。研究表明,在痕量重金属环境中,采用新型MBR膜生物反应器,可以截留生化系统中的优势菌群落,提高有机物的去除效率,COD去除率提高到90%左右,出水COD达到50 mg/L以内,出水氨氮达到10 mg/L以下,满足现行重金属领域最严格的行业表三排放标准。     

膜生物反应器工艺处理炼油废水中试研究

采用中空纤维膜生物反应器（MBR）工艺处理炼油废水,研究结果表明,MBR工艺可以有效的用于处理炼油废水,COD、氨氮和油去除率分别为92.9%、96.7%、84.7%,试验期间MBR出水COD平均为54.1mg/L,氨氮为1.85mg/L,油含量小于3.0mg/L。运行稳定后出水水质满足国家一级排放标准。     

膜生物反应器工艺处理炼油废水中试研究

采用中空纤维膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺处理炼油废水,了解膜生物反应器在炼油废水处理中的性能.研究结果表明,采用膜生物反应器工艺可有效地处理炼油废水,COD、氨氮和油去除率分别为91.5%、96.7%、84.7%,MBR出水COD为64 mg/L,氨氮为1.85 mg/L,油含量<3.0 mg/L,出水水质达到国家一级排放标准.     

聚氯乙烯离心母液高品质回收工艺的研究

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)和反渗透(RO)工艺对聚氯乙烯离心母液废水进行回收。研究了该系统工艺对有机物和悬浮固体的处理效果以及系统的耐冲击能力;观察了生物相在MBR系统中的变化情况及MBR膜片和反渗透膜的污染情况。试验结果表明,该工艺在稳定运行的情况下,废水总COD去除率可达到95%以上,MBR出水COD浓度低于40 mg/L,达到直接排放标准,再经过反渗透、离子交换或连续电解除盐(EDI)处理后,出水可以达到聚合回用水标准,回收率达到70%以上,而且,整个试验过程中膜耐污染性能良好。     

复合式MBR处理涤纶碱减量废水的试验研究

以柔性多孔颗粒作为填料组成的复合式膜生物反应器(MBR)处理涤纶碱减量废水.结果表明,在控制HRT不变的条件下,进水COD从812.35 mg/L提高到1 621.24 mg/L,系统出水COD为26.60～68.03mg/L.系统的COD总去除率均在95%左右.有机负荷冲击对处理效果影响不大.膜组件有效截留有机污染物,确保系统稳定出水.复合膜生物反应器中的生物去除率略高于普通MBR.柔性填料对减轻膜污染贡献明显,相同运行条件下,使最终透膜压差比普通MBR小28.3kPa.     

某垃圾渗滤液处理站MBR出水异常原因分析及补救措施

为保证垃圾渗滤液处理工艺出水的达标排放,膜生物反应器（MBR）工艺和纳滤（NF）深度处理工艺均需高效稳定地运行。MBR膜元件性能是保障高效泥水分离、满足NF进水要求的基本要素。试验结果表明,MBR工艺长期运行后,出水COD高于1500 mg/L,膜片表面受到氧化或者物理损伤,且膜元件受到污染,膜性能降低;NF工艺有效截留有机物是保证渗滤液出水达标的另一要素,进水混凝预处理可在MBR膜性能不稳定的情况下实现NF进水水质稳定,从而使渗滤液达标排放。当絮凝剂添加量为2 mL/L时,出水COD为1365.5 mg/L,满足NF进水要求的同时处理成本仅为0.68元/t。在MBR膜元件性能降低时,混凝预处理是保证出水达标排放的紧急补救措施。     

好氧管式膜生物反应器处理高含盐有机废水的研究

采用好氧管式膜生物反应器处理不同含盐浓度的有机废水 ,研究结果表明 (1)进水COD浓度在 2 0 0 0～ 30 0 0mg/L时 ,出水COD在 179～ 2 2 3mg/L之间 ,COD平均去除率在 89.5 %以上 ;(2 )MBR处理高盐度有机废水耐冲击负荷的能力较强 ,出水水质稳定 ;(3)当膜的TMP =0 .1MPa,盐度为 1.0 %、1.5 %、2 .0 %时 ,管式膜的稳定运行通量分别为30、2 4、2 1L/ (m2 ·h) ,整个运行过程中没有进行膜清洗     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.