不同无机填料对高密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物共混膜性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为共混膜基体树脂,分别以改性后的膨润土、高岭土、硅藻土作为填料,研究了3种改性填料对HDPE/EVA共混塑料膜拉伸、阻湿阻氧性能的影响,重点研究了改性硅藻土对质量比为65/35的HDPE/EVA共混膜的拉伸性能、阻湿阻氧性能的影响。结果表明,当3种无机填料的添加量较小(质量分数≤4.8%)时,能提高共混膜的拉伸强度,最大提高量达23.8%;添加填料对薄膜阻湿阻氧能力的影响随HDPE/EVA比例的不同而相异。     

纳米Al_2O_3分布对Al_2O_3/PE-EVA复合材料导热性能与力学性能的影响

旨在将纳米Al2O3分散在聚乙烯(PE)和乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)的共混物中,构建具有选择性分布结构的局域高粒子浓度导热复合材料。采用纳米Al2O3为导热填料,以PE和EVA为基体树脂,使用熔融共混法制备了Al2O3/PE-EVA导热复合材料。利用选择性溶液萃取方法和SEM研究了PE-EVA共混物的相结构及纳米Al2O3在共混物中的分布,评价了Al2O3/PE-EVA复合材料的导热性能与力学性能。结果表明:在PE与EVA质量比为1∶1时可获得具有两相共连续结构的共混物;在两相共连续PE-EVA共混物中引入纳米Al2O3后,发现纳米Al2O3主要分布在PE相中;纳米Al2O3的分布行为及共连续结构的形成有助于提高复合材料的导热性能,在纳米Al2O3质量分数为50%时,与Al2O3/PE复合材料相比,具有选择分布和相连续结构的Al2O3/PEEVA复合材料的热导率提高了21.2%;随着纳米Al2O3质量分数的增加,Al2O3/PE-EVA复合材料的拉伸强度与Al2O3/PE复合材料的拉伸强度相近,同时由于EVA相的增韧作用,其断裂伸长率优于Al2O3/PE复合材料。     

聚乙烯共混体系中的共结晶行为及对性能的影响

选用HDPE和LLDPE为原料进行熔融共混,通过差示扫描量热(DSC)测试、连续自成核退火(SSA)热分级法探究线型与支化聚乙烯分子的共结晶行为,尤其是采用SSA热分级法剖析了形成共晶的分子链的结构特征,并在此基础上研究共结晶对共混物力学性能的影响。DSC结果表明,HDPE与LLDPE具有较好的相容性且HDPE在共混物结晶过程中具有成核作用。SSA测试显示,HDPE/LLDPE共混物的结晶行为依赖于LLDPE组分的支链分布,只有当LLDPE的亚甲基序列长度与HDPE的链段相互匹配时才会形成共晶。共混物的屈服强度与共混体系的结晶度以及晶片厚度有关。屈服强度与自然拉伸比均随LLDPE质量分数的增加而减小。     

HDPE/E-TMB共混物和HDPE/弹性体共混物的脆韧转变和断面形态

用材料力学性能测试方法和扫描电镜研究了HDPE/E-TMB共混物和HDPE/弹性体共混物的脆韧转变行为和冲击断面形态。结果表明,HDPE/E-TMB共混物的脆韧转变可在弹性体含量较低的情况下发生;弹性体含量相同时,HDPE/E-TMB共混物有更高的冲击强度和拉伸屈服应力;冲击强度相同时,HDPE/E-TMB共混物有更高的拉伸屈服应力和弯曲弹性模量。弹性体含量为8%的两种共混物的冲击断面形态属于不同的断裂机理,这种机理的不同揭示了HDPE/E-TMB共混物具有特殊的结构特征。     

HDPE/sPS/SEBS共混物中增容剂的分布及对力学性能的影响

用2种组成相近而相对分子质量不同的苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)增容高密度聚乙烯/间规聚苯乙烯(m(HDPE)/m(sPS)=80/20)共混物。利用增容剂(SEBS)与共混物组分之间溶解性的差异,以四氢呋喃(THF)为溶剂选择刻蚀掉增容剂相,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了共混物的形态结构及增容剂在共混物中的分布情况;结合拉伸测试,阐明了增容剂的相对分子质量及其分布对HDPE/sPS共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,较低相对分子质量的SEBS主要分布在两相界面,并能显著提高两相界面粘接性,进而能有效提高共混物的拉伸强度;而较高相对分子质量的SEBS更倾向以胶束形式分散在HDPE基相中,不能明显改善界面强度,但却有利于改善共混物的韧性。     

HDPE紫外辐照改性及其与PVA共混体系的力学性能

研究了紫外辐照对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）结构与性能以及HDPE/聚乙烯醇（PVA）短纤维共混体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,在空气中通过紫外辐照可在HDPE分子链上引入C=0、C-0含氧基因,使HDPE分子量下降、熔点降低、结晶度增大并产生凝胶。以辐照HDPE为增容剂,增强了HDPE与PVA相界面的相互作用,共混物的拉伸屈服强度和缺口冲击强度得到提高。     

聚丁内酰胺的热性能改性

聚丁内酰胺的熔点与热分解温度较接近,不利于熔融加工。文中采用溶液共混法制备支化聚丁内酰胺(B-PA4)及线型聚丁内酰胺(L-PA4)共混物,并通过差示扫描量热分析、X射线衍射和热重分析表征共混物的结晶性能及热性能,通过拉伸测试研究了共混膜的力学性能。结果表明,B-PA4的加入使得共混物的结晶度、熔点、热稳定性均发生降低。当相对分子质量为2000的B-PA4与L-PA4质量比大于1∶1时,共混物熔点(T_m)降至258℃,最大降解速率对应温度(T_p)保持不变,两者间温度差与L-PA4相比提高了10℃。当相对分子质量为5000的B-PA4与L-PA4共混质量比为2∶1时,T_m与T_p的温度差提高了5℃。相对分子质量为8000的B-PA4与L-PA4共混后,T_m和T_p温度差无显著变化。共混物膜的拉伸强度均提高至40 MPa以上,但断裂伸长率明显下降,高分子量B-PA4有助于提高其强度,减小断裂伸长率的降低幅度。     

HIPS/HDPE共混物的动态黏弹行为与相形态

采用动态流变测试和扫描电子显微镜技术,考察高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混物的动态黏弹行为与相形态,对比1%(质量分数,下同)的纳米和微米CaCO_3对HIPS/HDPE(30/70)不相容共混物的增容效果。结果表明:当HDPE小于30%时,HIPS/HDPE共混物在低频区的复数黏度和储存模量均显示出明显的正偏差,而当HDPE大于30%时,则呈现负偏差;前者与HDPE和PB粒子间的相互作用相关,而后者归因于HDPE基体与PS分散相之间较弱的界面相互作用。当HIPS为基体时,HDPE分散相粒子呈现较宽的尺寸分布;而当HDPE为基体时,PS分散相呈现双模尺寸分布,对应于两种不同类型的PS分散相粒子的存在。1%的纳米CaCO_3对HIPS/HDPE(30/70)不相容共混体系起到了一定的增容效果,CaCO_3纳米粒子主要位于HIPS/HDPE相界面以及HDPE连续相内;而微米CaCO_3对该共混体系仅起到了增黏而非增容作用,CaCO_3微米粒子仅位于HDPE连续相内。     

PET与PE混合物的回收——原位微纤化方法及其性能研究

研究了原位微纤化方法在回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)混合物方面的应用。本文通过四次挤出模拟塑料制品在环境中遇到的热氧作用和多次回收过程,研究了原位微纤化PET/HDPE共混物以及普通PET/HDPE共混物的性能变化。结果表明,随着挤出次数的增加,PET/HDPE普通共混物的拉伸性能和加工性能均下降,而PET/HDPE原位微纤化共混物的屈服强度得到了较大提高,同时模量也得到一定的提高。     

氮化硼在聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物中的选择分布及复合材料的导热性能

采用氮化硼(BN)为导热填料、以聚乙烯(PE)和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)为基体树脂制备了导热复合材料。利用溶剂选择性萃取和扫描电子显微镜研究了PE-EVA共混物的相结构及BN在两相中的分布行为,以热导率为参数评价了复合材料的导热性能。研究结果表明,PE-EVA共混物的相结构与两者的用量比相关,在PE/EVA质量比为1/1时可获得具有共连续结构的共混物;在两相共连续PE-EVA共混物中引入BN后,发现BN选择分布在PE相中,BN/PE相与EVA形成共连续结构。BN的选择分布及共连续结构的形成有助于提高复合材料的热导率,在BN质量分数为30%时,与BN/PE相比,具有选择分布和相连续结构的BN/PE-EVA复合材料的热导率提高了15.4%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.