水煤浆添加剂萘磺酸甲醛缩合物合成条件的优化

以精萘、浓硫酸和甲醛为原料,依次经过磺化、水解、缩合三个反应合成了萘磺酸甲醛缩合物(NSF),并获得了各反应的优化条件。结果表明:当2-萘磺酸(2-NSA)产率最大时,磺化反应的优化条件为n(萘)∶n(浓硫酸)=1∶1.15、反应温度160℃、反应时间3 h;水解反应要使1-萘磺酸(1-NSA)的残留量最低优化条件为反应温度115℃、反应时间60 min、n(萘)∶n(水)=1∶2.3,此时1-NSA水解的转化率最高;缩合反应的优化条件为n(萘)∶n(甲醛)=1∶1、酸度30%,反应温度105℃,反应时间2 h,在此条件下2-NSA全部聚合生成NSF。产物NSF的红外光谱(FTIR)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析表明,不同条件下获得的NSF都含有丰富的芳环、亚甲基和磺酸基结构;HPLC分析表明,NSF在磺化度、分子量大小和分子的主体结构(线性结构/枝状结构)方面存在差异,这种差异导致NSF在作为水煤浆分散剂时,对降低浆体黏度和提高浆体稳定性方面具有不同的性能;优化条件下得到的NSF在降低浆体黏度方面性能优于市售的萘磺酸甲醛缩合物系分散剂(NX-1),但二者对保持浆体稳定性的能力相当。     

β—萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物的研制及应用

以工业萘为原料，经磺化，水解，缩合等步骤合成了β－萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物，并在混凝土工程中进行了应用试验研究，为该缩合物的工业化提供了依据。     

多环芳烃磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成

以煤焦油精馏组分为原料 ,在选定的条件下进行磺化 ,水解 ,缩合等反应生成 β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物的钠盐 (多环芳烃磺酸盐 ) ,并就合成多环芳烃磺酸盐表面活性剂影响最大的三个因素 (总酸度、甲醛用量、硫酸用量 )进行了深入的探讨 ,确定了合成的最佳工艺控制条件。     

多环芳烃磺酸盐表面活性剂的合成

以煤焦油精馏组分为原料，在选定的条件下进行磺化，水解，缩合等反应生成β－萘磺酸甲醛缩合物的钠盐（多环芳烃磺酸盐），并就全顺不芳烃磺酸盐表面活性剂影响最大的三个因素（癖酸度，甲醛用量，硫酸用量）进行了深入的探讨，确定了合成的工艺控制条件。     

萘系高效减水剂的合成与应用研究

以工业萘、硫酸与甲醛等为原料,经磺化、水解、缩合与中和,获得萘系高效减水剂。研究了原料萘含量、硫酸品种、配比、反应时间、反应温度、酸度、加料方式等对萘系高效减水剂性能的影响。结果表明,最佳合成条件为:萘的纯度≥95%,硫酸含量≥98%,磺化温度160~165℃,磺化时间2 h,磺化酸度32%,硫酸采用滴加方式,水解温度110℃,水解时间0.5 h,缩合时控制酸度26%,缩合温度105~110℃,缩合时间2.5~3.0 h,采用石灰乳中和至pH=7~9。对萘系高效减水剂掺量为1%时,与其他同类产品在净浆流动度、抗压强度、减水率、泌水率、坍落度经时损失等方面进行了比较,取得较好效果,降低了产品成本,提高了产品性能。     

甲基萘磺酸甲醛缩合物减水剂的合成工艺

以工业甲基萘为原料,通过磺化、水解、缩合与中和反应合成了甲基萘磺酸甲醛缩合物(MNSF),考察了反应工艺参数对产物作为混凝土减水剂的分散性能的影响.结果表明,合成MNSF最优工艺为:n(甲基萘)n∶(浓硫酸)n∶(水解加水量)n∶(甲醛)∶n(缩合加水量)=11∶.25(∶1.25～1.5)0∶.924∶.6;磺化反应温度160～165℃,时间3～3.5 h;水解反应温度110～120℃,时间15～30 min;缩合反应的加醛量与温度是该段影响产品分散性能的主要因素,缩合反应温度110℃,时间4 h;水解前后酸度应控制在30%左右.MNSF在掺量为水泥质量的0.5%时,砂浆减水率达到16%,比萘磺酸甲醛缩合物钠盐(FDN)高4%,抗折和抗压强度与FDN相近.     

甲基萘磺酸甲醛缩合物减水剂的合成

以工业甲基萘为原料,通过磺化、水解、缩合与中和反应合成了甲基萘磺酸甲醛缩合物(MNSF),考察了反应工艺参数对产物作为混凝土减水剂的分散性能的影响.结果表明,合成MNSF最优工艺为:n(甲基萘)n∶(浓硫酸)n∶(水解加水量)n∶(甲醛)∶n(缩合加水量)=11∶.25(∶1.25～1.5)0∶.924∶.6;磺化反应温度160～165℃,时间3～3.5 h;水解反应温度110～120℃,时间15～30 min;缩合反应的加醛量与温度是该段影响产品分散性能的主要因素,缩合反应温度110℃,时间4 h;水解前后酸度应控制在30%左右.MNSF在掺量为水泥质量的0.5%时,砂浆减水率达到16%,比萘磺酸甲醛缩合物钠盐(FDN)高4%,抗折和抗压强度与FDN相近.     

XP早强高效减水剂

上海新浦化工厂和国家建材局苏州混凝土水泥制品研究院在消化、吸收国外先进技术基础上,研制成功XP-Ⅰ(溶剂)和XP-Ⅱ(粉剂)早强高效减水剂。 XP早强高效减水剂采用工业萘、硫酸、甲醛、液碱等原料,通过磺化、水解、缩合、中和、干燥、粉磨等工序制成,以β-萘磺酸甲醛缩合物钠盐为主要成分。XP早强高效减水剂生产改变了传统的磺化缩合工艺,缩短了生产周期,提高了劳动生产率。产品具有早强高、抗渗力     

β-萘磺酸的合成

在SO3与有机物料摩尔比为1.03∶1,SO3气体体积分数为3%的条件下,通过改变反应温度、异构化温度和时间,利用萘在实验室磺化装置上合成出高纯度β-萘磺酸。采用高效液相色谱法分析结果为:β-萘磺酸质量分数为88.2%。     

影响硬丁腈橡胶3604聚合反应速率的因素

采用松香酸皂、油酸皂和萘磺酸钠甲醛(NSF)缩合物为复合乳化体系替代拉开粉热法合成丁腈橡胶3604,在水相pH值为10～12的条件下,考察聚合温度、引发体系、复合乳化剂的用量和配比等因素对聚合反应速率的影响.结果表明,在聚合温度为30℃,过硫酸钾与三乙醇胺的质量比为4.00/1,复合乳化剂中NSF缩合物为0.5份、松香...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.