一种基于Hilbert变换的R波检测算法

基于希尔波特(Hilbert)变换性质和自适应阈值检测原理,本文提出一种新的心电信号R检测算法。该方法经MIT-BIH心电数据库数据验证,可有效降低基线漂移和高频噪声的干扰,克服高大P波和T波的影响,准确检测率在99．84%以上,算法简单,实时性好。     

基于数学形态学的心电信号R波检测算法

为了解决心电信号中R波的检测问题,研究验证一种结合自适应阈值的极大值搜索与数学形态学的R波检测算法。数学形态学算法是基于信号局部特征的,可以有效突出信号的峰谷点。考虑了心电信号特点的自适应阈值极大值搜索算法,可以敏感检测R波的准确位置。通过对MIT-BIH心率变异数据库中多组心电数据的仿真验证研究,实验结果表明,两种分析方法的结合可以有效消除心电信号的基线漂移或异常病态心率对检测的影响,能有效实现心电信号中R波的实时检测,预期本算法在心电信号的自动分析中将会扮演更为重要的角色。     

基于小波变换的QRS波群检测

提出了一种基于小波多分辨分析的算法,对心电信号进行特征提取和识别。通过小波变换对常规心电图信号进行分解去噪和特征提取,并利用动态自适应阈值和删除多检点,补偿漏检点对QRS波检测进行优化。实验结果表明该方法在QRS波形不失真的情况下,提高了一部分MIT-BIH数据库信号中QRS波识别的准确率,并且对于较低准确率的心电信号的原因进行了分析。     

基于小波变换的QRS波检测算法

针对基于小渡变换的心电信号QRS波的检测算法的计算量较大,硬件不易实现的问题,提出一种FPGA的实现方案.首先分析了利用小波变换检测QRS波群的算法,给出硬件实现方案,该算法由小波变换模块和检测模块两个模块实现.然后选取高端FPGA作为硬件处理平台,给出小波变换模块及波形检测模块具体实现结构.最后在Quartus Ⅱ下进行编译和仿真,完成心电信号检测算法的硬件实现.从综合后的资源占有率上可以看出系统充分利用了FPGA内部丰富的资源,从仿真的结果看出在FPGA系统上准确的检测出了QRS波.     

基于位置估计与识别后处理的心电信号P波检测

心电图中的P波是临床诊断中分析心律失常,判断心房病变的重要参考依据.但在心电信号的自动分析中,P波常由于特征不明显,形态、位置多变等原因,难以直接被准确检测.针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于位置估计与识别后处理的P波检测算法.该算法根据ECG信号中QRS波群位置及RR间期信息,对P波位置进行估计,自适应确定P波检测区域;然后,对检测区域内心电信号进行移动窗口积分,通过搜索积分信号极值,检测出候选P波;最后,采用局部距离变换法提取出每一候选P波的边界点,并据此对该候选P波的幅值和时间宽度进行分析,识别出真实的P波,从而完成P波检测.经QT数据库和MIT-BIH心律失常数据库中真实心电数据验证,本算法适用于各种情况下可见P波的检测,且检测正确率高于98%.     

自适应CA-CFAR的心电信号R波检测技术

针对心电信号R波的突变特性,利用雷达信号的检测方法,本文提出一种自适应单元平均恒虚警率(cell averaging-constant false alarm rate, CA-CFAR)的R波检测方法。首先利用滤波器组对心电信号进行预处理;然后将预处理后的信号利用自适应CA-CFAR检测判决;最后由心电信号R波的间隔特性做一个不应期剔除规则的处理,得到R波的定位。对美国麻省理工学院提供的MIT-BIH数据库中心电图(Electrocardiograph, ECG)信号仿真,实验证明,自适应参考单元的CA-CFAR对MIT-BIH的ECG信号R波检测的精准率为99.842%,检测误差为0.354%。实测数据表明了算法的有效性和适用性。      

基于集合经验模态分解和信号结构分析的心电信号R波识别算法

R波作为确定心电信号各波段的重要参考,是心电自动分析的前提。针对大多数R波识别算法的预处理过程影响识别准确度和耗时问题,该文提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和信号结构分析的算法对带噪心电信号(ECG)的R波直接进行识别。首先通过EEMD将带噪声的心电信号分解成一系列本征模态分量,然后对分解后的各模态分量作独立成分分析以提取出R波特征最明显的成分,对该成分进行结构分析,从而实现对R波的准确定位。仿真结果表明,该文算法对带噪声心电信号的R波识别具有更优性能,对异常心电信号的R波识别也具有明显效果。     

基于集合经验模态分解和信号结构分析的心电信号R波识别算法

R波作为确定心电信号各波段的重要参考,是心电自动分析的前提.针对大多数R波识别算法的预处理过程影响识别准确度和耗时问题,该文提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和信号结构分析的算法对带噪心电信号(ECG)的R波直接进行识别.首先通过EEMD将带噪声的心电信号分解成一系列本征模态分量,然后对分解后的各模态分量作独立成分分析以提取出R波特征最明显的成分,对该成分进行结构分析,从而实现对R波的准确定位.仿真结果表明,该文算法对带噪声心电信号的R波识别具有更优性能,对异常心电信号的R波识别也具有明显效果.     

一种心电信号QRS复杂形态自动分析算法

QRS形态分析是心电信号自动分析中的关键步骤之一.现有QRS形态分析算法大多是基于时频变换分析或基于基元线段句法识别的.其中,基于时频变换分析的方法难以处理复杂波形和异常波形;而基于基元线段句法识别的算法则易丢失波形细节.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于QRS波群关键点和有限自动机的QRS形态分析算法.首先,采用二次多项式曲线对输入的心电信号进行分段最小二乘法逼近.然后,通过分析各段曲线的单调性、陡峭程度以及曲线方向等特征,实现QRS波群中峰点、谷点、边界点等关键点的检测,同时提取各关键点的幅度和时间信息,并判断出关键点的类型.最后,构造了一个有限自动机,以带属性的QRS波群关键点序列作为输入,实现了QRS形态的识别.经MIT-BIH心律失常数据库验证,本文算法可处理含有任意多个子波的QRS波群,正确识别出其各种复杂形态,准确分析出如切迹、顿挫等形态细节.     

基于高阶统计量的心电信号R波检测

心电信号的检测对于临床心脏疾病的检验和确诊有很重要的作用,所以目前有关心电信号检测方法的研究很多。本文针对心电信号R波的检测,采用了一种基于高阶统计量的检测方法。使用MATLAB编程软件实现了心电信号R波检测,采用非参数直接法心电信号R波进行双谱估计,并将实验运行结果作以比较。实验结果表明高阶统计量是一种十分有效的信号检测和系统分析方法。     

基于AT91SAM9261S的心电疾病诊断系统

介绍基于AT91SAM9261的心电疾病诊断系统的设计。采用的测试平台以AT91SAM9261为核心,整个设计完成了硬件驱动和软件设计,可以对心电信号进行前置处理,接着进行波形检测与分析,从而做出心电情况的诊断,对于不正常心电给出反馈。该设计中采用的算法简单有效,给出了处理前后心电波形的液晶屏显示效果和QRS波群检测的正确率,正确率为96.93%符合实时诊断的要求。     

Analysis of first-derivative based QRS detection algorithms.

Accurate QRS detection is an important first step for the analysis of heart rate variability. Algorithms based on the differentiated ECG are computationally efficient and hence ideal for real-time analysis of large datasets. Here, we analyze traditional first-derivative based squaring function (Hamilton-Tompkins) and Hilbert transform-based methods for QRS detection and their modifications with improved detection thresholds. On a standard ECG dataset, the Hamilton-Tompkins algorithm had the highest detection accuracy (99.68% sensitivity, 99.63% positive predictivity) but also the largest time error. The modified Hamilton-Tompkins algorithm as well as the Hilbert transform-based algorithms had comparable, though slightly lower, accuracy; yet these automated algorithms present an advantage for real-time applications by avoiding human intervention in threshold determination. The high accuracy of the Hilbert transform-based method compared to detection with the second derivative of the ECG is ascribable to its inherently uniform magnitude spectrum. For all algorithms, detection errors occurred mainly in beats with decreased signal slope, such as wide arrhythmic beats or attenuated beats. For best performance, a combination of the squaring function and Hilbert transform-based algorithms can be applied such that differences in detection will point to abnormalities in the signal that can be further analyzed.     

基于小波和扩展卡尔曼的心电检测

文中将小波变换和扩展卡尔曼滤波器相结合,利用小波变换多尺度多分辨的特点,将心电信号进行分解。然后对心电信号在各尺度上进行扩展卡尔曼滤波。最后在扩展卡尔曼滤波的输出结果上进行QRS波形检测。文中方法经MIT-BIH心电数据库检验,QRS波Se（探测灵敏度）在99.40%以上,同时,QRS＋P（正探测率）在99.39%以上,提高了心电信号检测的正确率。     

基于改进差分阈值算法的心电检测技术研究

针对差分阈值算法中固定阈值的局限性,文中提出了一种基于自适应波峰阈值和R波间隔阈值的算法。该算法结合心电信号特点自动选择波峰阈值,并选择R波间隔阈值,提高了算法的自适应性和准确率。文中以MIT-BIH心律失常数据库中的心电信号作为实验样本,采用带通滤波与小波阈值滤波相结合的方法完成心电信号去噪,采用改进差分自适应阈值算法对心电信号进行波形检测。实验结果表明,该算法能够将心电信号R波的检测准确率提升到99.57%,有效减少了误检、漏检问题的发生,并可准确完成心率、心率变异性、身体疲劳度、精神疲劳度计算和常见心律失常分类。     

Wavelet transform-based QRS complex detector

In this paper, we describe a QRS complex detector based on the dyadic wavelet transform (Dy WT) which is robust to time-varying QRS complex morphology and to noise. We design a spline wavelet that is suitable for QRS detection. The scales of this wavelet are chosen based on the spectral characteristics of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. We illustrate the performance of the Dy WT-based QRS detector by considering problematic ECG signals from the American Heart Association (AHA) data base. Seventy hours of data was considered. We also compare the performance of Dy WT-based QRS detector with detectors based on Okada, Hamilton-Tompkins, and multiplication of the backward difference algorithms. From the comparison, results we observed that although no one algorithm exhibited superior performance in all situations, the Dy WT-based detector compared well with the standard techniques. For multiform premature ventricular contractions, bigeminy, and couplets tapes, the Dy WT-based detector exhibited excellent performance.     

Neural-network-based adaptive matched filtering for QRS detection

We have developed an adaptive matched filtering algorithm based upon an artificial neural network (ANN) for QRS detection. We use an ANN adaptive whitening filter to model the lower frequencies of the ECG which are inherently nonlinear and nonstationary. The residual signal which contains mostly higher frequency QRS complex energy is then passed through a linear matched filter to detect the location of the QRS complex. We developed an algorithm to adaptively update the matched filter template from the detected QRS complex in the ECG signal itself so that the template can be customized to an individual subject. This ANN whitening filter is very effective at removing the time-varying, nonlinear noise characteristic of ECG signals. Using this novel approach, the detection rate for a very noisy patient record in the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database is 99.5%, which compares favorably to the 97.5% obtained using a linear adaptive whitening filter and the 96.5% achieved with a bandpass filtering method.