剪切角对挤压-剪切法制备AZ31镁合金组织和压缩性能的影响（英文）

采用挤压-剪切法(ES)在不同剪切角(150°、135°和120°)下制备了AZ31棒材。采用ES工艺制备的棒材,包括直接挤压和后续剪切两部分。随后采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等方法研究了具有双峰晶粒结构的AZ31镁合金的显微组织演变,从取向分布图中可清晰的观察到细晶粒包围狭长变形粗晶的混晶结构,且大晶粒区域的占比会随应变的增加而增大。整体来看,因为应变量和动态再结晶分数都会随着剪切角的减小而增加,导致大晶粒的占比增大,而小晶粒尺寸增加。室温压缩实验中,随着剪切角的减小,屈服强度和峰值强度逐渐增大。此外,ES挤压的基面极图也会随着剪切角度的不同发生变化。     

连续变断面循环挤压AZ31镁合金的组织与性能

采用连续变断面循环挤压法分别对变形镁合金AZ31铸锭和商业AZ31进行不同循环道次的变形,考察其组织、性能变化.结果表明:AZ31镁合金铸锭经过一个循环的挤压,晶粒明显细化.商业AZ31铝合金材料分别进行2、4、6、8次循环变形,随着变形量增大,平均晶粒尺寸不断减小,组织趋于均匀;真应变为16时,平均晶粒尺寸为5.5 μm;随着循环次数增加,伸长率不断增加,与原始态的相比可提高2倍左右,但强度没有明显变化.     

应用挤压-剪切大变形工艺细化AZ31镁合金晶粒(英文)

提出一种新型的镁合金复合挤压方法,将传统的挤压和大塑性变形方法等通道挤压相结合,也就是将压缩变径挤压和剪切(一次或者连续二次)相结合(简称ES)。根据ES变形的思想,设计并制造了适合热模拟仪Gleeble1500D的ES挤压装置,进行了不同温度下的AZ31镁合金ES挤压测试,观察了ES挤压所得到的AZ31镁合金挤压棒的微观组织。结果表明:当挤压比为4时,ES挤压的累计应变为2.44,可得到平均尺寸为2μm的微观组织。动态再结晶的发生是ES挤压产生晶粒细化的主要原因。根据ES热模拟挤压过程的应力—应变曲线和挤压力曲线的特点,ES热模拟实验中镁合金发生了与一般动态再结晶过程不一样的再结晶过程,具有明显的两个动态再结晶阶段,被称为双级动态再结晶。基于热模拟的ES挤压证明了ES挤压是可行的。生产实践结果表明,不同条件下的工业ES挤压可大批量生产镁合金挤压棒材。     

机械球磨法制备AZ31合金及其组织性能研究

采用机械球磨法制备了超细纳米晶AZ31合金,研究了球磨时间和包套温挤压温度对AZ31合金粉末形貌、颗粒尺寸、晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响,并分析了球磨时间的作用机理。结果表明,机械球磨后的混合粉末的平均颗粒尺寸都要小于未经过机械球磨的原料粉末,且随着机械球磨时间的延长,粉末的平均颗粒尺寸减小;球磨80 h、250℃包套挤压后AZ31合金棒材中的晶粒大小分布较为均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约为200 nm;在相同的包套挤压温度下,随着机械球磨时间的延长,AZ31合金的显微硬度都有逐渐增加的趋势;在相同的机械球磨时间下,随着包套挤压温度的升高,AZ31合金的显微硬度逐渐降低。随着机械球磨时间的延长,AZ31合金的室温屈服强度有所增加,在机械球磨时间为80 h时取得最大值453 MPa。     

快速凝固/粉末冶金AZ91镁合金的组织及性能

采用快速凝固／粉末冶金法制备AZ91镁合金，研究了不同挤压比对AZ91镁合金室温力学性能及显微组织结构的影响。结果表明：热挤压后的密度已接近理论值：挤压棒材的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为383．23MPa和9．4％；随着挤压比的增加，晶粒变得细小；合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率提高；热挤压态AZ91镁合金室温拉伸时呈现韧性断裂特征。     

挤压比对2297铝合金力学性能与电学性能的影响

通过热挤压成型工艺制备2297铝合金棒材,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和显微硬度测试等手段研究挤压比对合金力学性能与电学性能的影响。结果表明:随着挤压比的增大,塑性变形量也逐渐增大,挤压棒材原始粗大的晶粒沿着挤压的方向逐渐拉长变细成纤维状晶粒,挤压态合金显微硬度随着挤压比的增大呈逐渐上升的趋势,而导电率随着挤压比的增大逐渐下降;挤压棒材经固溶时效处理后,棒材发生了明显的静态再结晶及晶粒的长大现象;随着挤压比的增加,时效态棒材的显微硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度呈逐渐上升的趋势,而导电率和延伸率呈逐渐下降的趋势;挤压比为61时,时效态棒材的抗拉强度为332 MPa,屈服强度为240 MPa,延伸率为10.11%,显微硬度为126.6 HV,导电率为28.73%IACS。     

挤压比和挤压温度对AZ31镁合金组织性能的影响

研究了AZ31镁合金挤压变形,分析了挤压比和挤压温度对合金组织性能的影响。结果表明,挤压后合金发生了动态再结晶,形成了等轴晶粒,细化了晶粒。随着挤压温度的增大,合金晶粒长大,强度和塑性下降,挤压比增大,合金晶粒细化,强度和延伸率都随着挤压比的增大而增大。在低温与大挤压比的共同作用下,镁合金的韧性有效地得到提高。     

不同挤压温度对汽车车身板件用AZ31镁合金的组织与力学性能的影响

主要研究了不同挤压温度下AZ31镁合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:AZ31镁合金挤压试样会发生动态再结晶过程,且随着挤压温度升高晶粒的尺寸会增大;随着挤压温度的升高,试样的屈服强度和抗拉强度都会降低,伸长率会增加;在室温拉伸试验时试样发生韧性断裂。     

挤压温度对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金动态再结晶、时效组织和力学性能的影响

以Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金为对象,研究了挤压温度对合金组织、织构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:当挤压温度为390~500℃时,随着挤压温度的升高,挤压态棒材发生动态再结晶程度由2.4%逐渐增大到41.3%,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,而经固溶时效后,晶粒尺寸呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,其中挤压温度为430℃时的晶粒尺寸最大。挤压棒材固溶时效后的强度和伸长率均呈先增大后减小的趋势,其中挤压温度为430℃时的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率均较高,分别为678.1 MPa、618.3 MPa和9.2%。与晶粒尺寸较小的时效态挤压棒材相比,晶粒尺寸较大的棒材具有更高的强度,其原因是由于大晶粒棒材中存在较多的硬取向Copper织构({112}?111?)和S型织构({123}?634?)。     

基于有限元的镁合金连续挤压-剪切极限图及实验验证

ES挤压极限图(挤压速度-温度机制)能够描述挤压剪切工艺参数对棒材质量的影响,并可优选挤压-剪切工艺参数,本文建立了AZ31镁合金的三维有限元热力耦合模型及计算机仿真条件,模拟了不同挤压速度和预热温度下,ES挤压过程的模口的温度演变和挤压力随时间演化规律,通过对模拟结果数据的线性拟合得到一系列的方程,根据这些方程初步建立了挤压比为32.1时的连续挤压剪切极限图。设计并制造了适合于卧式挤压机上的ES挤压剪切模具,通过挤压工艺试验对所得的挤压极限图进行了验证,结果吻合的很好。ES挤压极限图为设计和加工模具,为生产出表面质量合格的镁合金棒材提供了理论和实践依据。     

An extrusion−shear−expanding process for manufacturing AZ31 magnesium alloy tube

A new severe plastic deformation method for manufacturing tubes made of AZ31 magnesium alloy with a large diameter was developed, which is called the TCESE (tube continuous extrusion?shear?expanding) process. The process combines direct extrusion with a two-step shear?expanding process. The influences of expanding ratios, extrusion temperatures on the deformation of finite element meshes, strain evolution and flow velocity of tube blanks during the TCESE process were researched based on numerical simulations by using DEFORM-3D software. Simulation results show that the maximum expanding ratio is 3.0 in the TCESE process. The deformation of finite element meshes of tube blanks is inhomogeneous in the shear?expanding zone, and the equivalent strains increase significantly during the TCESE process of the AZ31 magnesium alloy. A extrusion temperature of 380 °C and expanding ratio of 2.0 were selected as the optimized process parameters from the numerical simulation results. The average grain size of tubes fabricated by the TCESE process is approximately 10 µm. The TCESE process can refine grains of magnesium alloy tubes with the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization. The (0001) basal texture intensities of the magnesium alloy tube blanks decrease due to continuous plastic deformation during the TCESE process. The average hardness of the extruded tubes is approximately HV 75, which is obviously improved.     

热处理条件对搅拌摩擦镁合金接头各区域抗弹行为的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)工艺制备AZ31B镁合金焊接接头,并在不同条件下进行热处理。研究AZ31B镁合金焊后热处理(PWHT)不同区域的抗弹行为,使用7.62 mm×39 mm穿甲弹,冲击速度为(430±20)m/s。分析热处理前后搅拌摩擦焊接头的显微硬度。结果表明,PWHT工艺(250°C,1 h)能提高热处理后搅拌摩擦焊接头的显微硬度。扫描电镜(SEM)结果显示,热处理使α-Mg晶粒细化,形成细小的析出相,使β-Mg17Al12相溶解到Mg基体中。通过穿深(DOP)试验评估PWHT不同区域的抗弹行为。热处理后接头母材区(BMZ)的DOP值较小。抗弹试验后对弹坑周边3个区域的横截面进行SEM表征,观察到绝热剪切带(ASB)的形成。     

AZ31镁合金压缩变形微观织构演变规律

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)原位跟踪实验方法研究了AZ31镁合金压缩变形微观织构演变规律。在温度为170℃条件下,研究了AZ31镁合金轧制板材经过3次连续真空压缩(变形量分别为11%、17%和23%)时,其相同观察区域的微观织构演变。研究结果表明,AZ31镁合金轧制板材的微观织构为典型的(0001)基面织构。当温度为170℃、变形量为11%时,晶粒取向发生显著改变,大部分晶粒都发生了完全孪生,只有少数发生部分孪生,原始的基面轧制织构大幅减弱,孪生变体符合60°/1010和86.3°/1210取向关系。随着变形量的增加,滑移开始启动,孪晶晶界减少,织构变化不明显。压缩变形过程微观织构演变机理主要以拉伸孪生为主,基本上没有压缩孪生出现。     

累积叠轧焊AZ31镁合金微观组织和织构演变的EBSD研究

对AZ31镁合金热轧板在350℃进行了累积叠轧焊(ARB)变形,采用EBSD技术研究了AZ31镁合金的微观组织和织构演变.结果表明,ARB可以显著细化AZ31镁合金的晶粒组织,经过3道次变形后平均晶粒尺寸为2.18μm,后续的ARB变形使AZ31镁合金的微观组织更均匀,但晶粒不会再显著细化,说明存在临界ARB变形道次,使晶粒细化和晶粒长大之间达到动态平衡.AZ31镁合金在ARB变形过程中的晶粒细化机制为连续动态再结晶,尤其还观察到了旋转动态再结晶.动态再结晶的形变储存能来源于多道次累积的剧烈应变和沿厚度方向分布复杂的剪切变形.ARB变形过程中旋转动态再结晶和剪切变形使新晶粒c轴发生旋转,导致基面织构弱化.     

Microstructure,texture and mechanical properties of aluminum processed by high-pressure tube twisting

The new severe plastic deformation technique known as high-pressure tube twisting (HPTT) is a continuous process to obtain grain refinement in bulk metallic materials of tubular geometry. HPTT was applied to commercially pure aluminum up to a shear strain of 24. The mechanical properties were enhanced markedly and were characterized by compression and ring-hoop tensile tests. It was shown that the axial force during HPTT does not contribute to the plastic flow of the material; it is only controlled by the shear component of the applied stress. The microstructure and the crystallographic texture were examined in detail by electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, and these showed the existence of a gradient within the cross-section of the tube. The next-neighbor grain misorientation distribution showed a bimodal nature, of which the small-angle peak was attributed to the “internal” new grains originating from the interior of the initial grains and the second one from the new grains situated at the grain boundaries of the initial grains. The measured textures were typical shear textures with specific tilts in the sense of the shear direction at large strains, which can be attributed to the effect of strain rate sensitivity of slip. The main component of the textures was the C component, which continuously strengthened with the shear. The results obtained suggest that HPTT is an efficient processing way to transform the microstructure of Al tubes into ultra-fine-grained structures in one single operation.     

Solid-state recycling of AZ91D magnesium alloy chips

A method for recycling AZ91D magnesium alloy chips by solid-state recycling was studied. The experiments were carried out adopting the cold-press pressure and hot extrusion. The results indicate that recycled specimens of AZ91D magnesium alloy present better mechanical properties and consist of fine grains due to dynamic recrystallization. The mechanisms of dynamic recrystallization depend on plastic deformation process and change with the deformation temperature. At 300-350 °C, the deformation mechanisms are associated with the operation of basal slip and twinning, and the “necklace” structures are formed. At 350-400 °C, the cross slip results in the formation of new grains and grain refinement. At above 400 °C, the dynamic recrystallization mechanisms are controlled by dislocation climb, and recrystallized grains are homogeneous. The tensile strength of recycled specimens increases with the increase of the strain rate. When the strain rate is overhigh, the cracks and fractures in the surface appear and affect the tensile strength of recycled specimens.     

Integrated Extrusion-Shear Forming Process of the Solid-State Recycled AZ80 Magnesium Alloy via Hot Press Sintering

The consolidation recycled AZ80 billets were successfully fabricated through the cold press and hot press sintering of the AZ80 metal chips.The consolidation recycled billets sintered at 350℃present the comparable compressive properties and inferior tensile properties compared with the initial cast billets.The defects in the consolidation recycled billet were inclined to propagate along the bond interface between the metal chips during tension,which resulted in the inferior tensile properties of the recycled billets.The recycled billets were then subjected to the integrated extrusion-shear(ES) process.The homogeneous finer dynamic recrystallization grains with an average grain size of 6 μm can be obtained in the shear deformation zone and extrusion sizing zone through integrated ES process at 300℃with an extrusion velocity of 0.6 mm/s.The recycled billets after integrated ES forming process present rival tensile properties compared with the initial cast billets after integrated ES forming with the same extrusion parameters,which can be ascribed to that the integrated ES forming can nearly eliminate the defects through the severe compressive and shear strain.The solid-state recycling process through hot press sintering and subsequent integrated ES process can fabricate the consolidation recycled AZ80 rod,which demonstrates the comparable tensile properties with the cast-extrusion rod.     

Mg-Al系镁合金半固态坯料制备及触变挤压研究

采用拉伸试验机、金相显微镜和等径道角挤压等试验方法对Mg-Al系镁合金半固态坯料制备及触变挤压过程进行了研究.结果表明,等径道角挤压工艺对Mg-Al系镁合金有很好的应变诱导效果.经过等径道角挤压的Mg-Al系镁合金力学性能高,晶粒细小.等径道角挤压+等温处理方法制备的Mg-Al系镁合金半固态坯的微观组织晶粒细小,球化程度高,微观组织非常均匀.生产的AZ61、AZ80、AZ91D和AM60镁合金角框零件的微观组织细小,抗拉强度分别达到306.8、308.3、299.8、321.6MPa.伸长率分别达到21.6%、28.4%、14.6%和29.6%.     

Hot rolling characteristics of spray-formed AZ91 magnesium alloy

AZ91 magnesium alloy was prepared by spray forming. The spray-deposited alloy was subsequently hot-rolled with a 80% reduction at 350℃. The microstructural features of the as-spray-deposited and hot-rolled alloy were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The results show that the spray-formed AZ91 magnesium alloy has, compared with the as-cast ingot, a finer microstructure with less interrnetallic phase Mg17Al12 dispersed in the matrix due to fast cooling and solidification rates of spray forming process, and, therefore showing excellent workability. It can be hot-rolled with nearly 20% reduction for one pass at lower temperatures （330-360℃）, and the total reduction can reach 50% prior to annealing. After proper thermo-mechanical treatment, the spray-formed AZ91 magnesium alloy exhibits outstanding mechanical properties.     

Influence of rolling route on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy during asymmetric reduction rolling

Four different routes of asymmetric reduction rolling were conducted on AZ31 magnesium alloy to investigate their effect on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. Route A is the forward rolling; while during routes B and C the sheets are rotated 180° in rolling direction and normal direction, respectively; route D is the unidirectional rolling. The strain states of rolled sheets were analyzed by the finite element method, while the microstructure and texture were observed using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron back-scattered diffraction techniques, and the mechanical properties were measured by tensile test. The results show that route D produced the largest effective strain. Compared with other samples, sample D exhibited a homogeneous microstructure with fine grains as well as a weak and tilted texture, in corresponding, it performed excellent tensile properties, which suggested that route D was an effective way to enhance the strength and plasticity of AZ31 sheet.