汉族和朝鲜族居民高尿酸血症患病水平及其与多种代谢异常的关系

[目的]探讨汉族与朝鲜族高尿酸血症患病水平及其与多种代谢异常的关系. [方法]对2006年8月～2008年8月收集的4 771名不同民族农村居民血样本进行尿酸及代谢相关指标检测. [结果]高尿酸血症粗患病率(12.0%,8.6%)及其标化率(10.8%,9.6%)汉族女性均高于朝鲜族女性(均P<0.01).男性高尿酸血症患病率高于女性(均P<0,05).汉族除了高血糖的检出率各尿酸组问差异无统计学意义外,肥胖、高血压、高TG、高TC、低高密度脂蛋白血症各尿酸组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01).朝鲜族各尿酸水平组代谢性疾病检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).汉族和朝鲜族,随着尿酸水平的升高呈现明显的多种代谢异常集结现象(均P<0.01);而且,随着代谢综合征组分数的增加,高屎酸血症患病率增加(均P<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析结果发现,调整性别、民族及年龄,整体型肥胖、腹部肥胖、高血压、高TC、高TG和MS与高尿酸血症患病密切相关. [结论]该地区高尿酸血症患病率出现明显的民族(女性)及性别差异.整体型肥胖、腹部肥胖、高血压、高TC、高TC和代谢综合征与该地区高尿酸血症患病密切相关.     

大庆市油田职工高尿酸血症与其他代谢性疾病及高血压相关性研究

目的对大庆市油田职工体检结果进行分析,探究高尿酸血症与其他代谢性疾病及高血压的相关性。方法收集并分析2018年8—11月参与体检的7 014名油田职工的尿酸、血压、血脂和空腹血糖等指标,采用病例对照研究的方法探讨高尿酸血症与其他代谢性疾病及高血压的相关情况。结果 7 014名油田职工中,高尿酸血症患病率为31.24%,男性患病率(33.83%)高于女性(19.11%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=102.647,P0.001);不同年龄组患病率差异无统计学意义。病例组高血压、高脂血症的患病风险均高于对照组,OR值(95%CI)分别为1.543 (1.212-1.964)和2.840 (2.228-3.620);糖尿病的患病风险低于对照组,OR值(95%CI)为0.405 (0.254-0.646)。结论 HUA与高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等代谢性疾病有着密切的联系,控制血压和血脂水平可有效减少HUA的发生。     

温州市两社区居民高尿酸血症风险调查

[目的]研究温州市居民高尿酸血症(HUA)的流行特征。[方法]采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取温州市瑞安、瓯海两个区3 502例≥35岁常住居民进行面对面问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检查。测量调查对象的身高、体重、血压,测定空腹血糖、血总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸。[结果]温州市居民尿酸均值为(260.25±93.21)μmol/L,高尿酸血症率为7.47%,男、女分别为10.78%、4.93%;代谢综合征(MS)的患病率为17.90%。HUA组MS患病率为34.62%,尿酸正常组为16.55%(P<0.01)。HUA组MS组分高血压、高血糖、低高密度脂蛋白、高三酰甘油、肥胖比例分别为62.31%、26.15%、13.46%、67.31%、46.92%,明显高于尿酸正常组。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,HUA与男性、饮酒、年龄(>65岁)、肥胖、高低密度脂蛋白、高三酰甘油密切相关。[结论]温州市HUA患病率为7.47%,HUA与MS的主要组分肥胖、高低密度脂蛋白、高甘油三酯密切相关,做好HUA早期干预至关重要。     

健康体检人群高尿酸血症及代谢综合征患病分析

目的了解天津市部分成年健康体检人群中高尿酸血症(HUA)及代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)的患病情况,为今后开展防治策略提供科学依据。方法HUA参照临床诊断标准,MS按照2004年中华医学会推荐的MS诊断标准(CDS标准),对18 100名健康体检人员的检验结果进行分析。结果该人群HUA总患病人数为2 294人,总患病率为12.76%,其中男性696人,患病率为10.90%;女性1 598人,患病率为13.64%,女性患病率高于男性(P0.05);HUA合并MS总患病人数为902人,总体患病率为4.99%,其中男性339人,患病率为5.31%;女性563人,患病率为4.81%,男性患病率高于女性(P0.05);HUA患病率随代谢紊乱的加重呈增高趋势(P0.05)。结论该人群具有较高的HUA及MS患病率,因此,应尽早筛查和发现HUA和MS高危人群,并及时进行综合防治。     

广州市干部群体血尿酸的发生与代谢综合征组分的关系

目的 观察血尿酸(SUA)在代谢综合征(MS)患者中的表现和差异,探讨SUA与超重、糖脂代谢紊乱等MS成分的关系.方法 抽取1650例健康体检资料,进行SUA与MS各项指标患病率统计,SUA与MS各项指标的相关分析及多元回归分析.结果 (1)随年龄增高,高尿酸血症(HUA)患病率均升高.<60岁HUA男性高于女性(P<0.05),>60岁HUA没有性别差异(P>0.05),而40～60岁女性HUA患病率明显增高(P<0.01).(2)与正常血尿酸相比,HUA患者的BMI、SBP、TG、FPG与低HDL-C的检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),相应的指标变化幅度在性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)与MSO相比,MS1、MS2、MS3者HUA的发生率有随着代谢紊乱组分的增加而增加的趋势(P<0.05),男女性在不同代谢组分中HUA发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(4)Logistic相关分析表明,BMI、TG、SBP、FPG以及超重、高脂血症、高血压的患病率对HUA影响较大(P<0.05,OR>1).结论 高尿酸血症的发生与代谢综合征各组分有关.     

尿酸水平与代谢综合征关系的横断面研究

目的研究代谢综合征在不同尿酸水平人群中的流行病学特征。方法通过对某大型石化企业员工进行调查和体检．空腹抽血进行血清学检查,并采用计算机编辑程序;根据2005年IDF的代谢综合征定义判别代谢综合征,同时根据2004年CDS定义判别代谢综合征相应分析。结果9543名体检人群中患有代谢综合征1．289例,患病率12．3％。在尿酸水平（6mg／dL,6-8mg/dL,≥8mg／dL人群中,代谢综合征患病率分别为10．0％,17．6％,43．3％（根据2005 IDF）。代谢综合征各组分在高尿酸水平中也有高的患病率。结论代谢综合征患病率随着尿酸水平的升高有升高趋势。应该重视高尿酸血症中存在高代谢综合征患病率。     

瓯海区居民血尿酸水平与代谢综合征相关性分析

目的调查温州市瓯海区居民高尿酸血症(HUA)和代谢综合征(MS)的患病情况,分析血尿酸水平(SUA)与MS的关系,为HUA的预防提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选取温州市瓯海区3 905名18岁及以上居民为研究对象,调查HUA和MS患病情况及MS各组分检出率;应用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析HUA与MS各组分的相关性。结果瓯海区居民HUA患病率为17.77%,标化率为16.73%;MS患病率为23.46%,标化率为17.16%。男性HUA患病率为20.26%,高于女性15.65%(P0.01)。女性HUA患病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势(P0.01)。总MS患病率及男、女MS患病率均随年龄增长而增加(P0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,腰围(OR=1.025,95%CI:1.014~1.035)、TG水平(OR=1.361,95%CI:1.265~1.464)及年龄(OR=1.008,95%CI:1.002~1.015)与HUA呈正相关(P均0.05);其中男性腰围(OR=1.024,95%CI:1.009~1.038)、TG水平(OR=1.262,95%CI:1.129~1.411)及年龄(OR=1.014,95%CI:1.004~1.025)与HUA呈正相关(P均0.01);女性腰围(OR=1.022,95%CI:1.006~1.038)及TG水平(OR=1.429,95%CI:1.295~1.578)与HUA呈正相关(P0.01)。结论瓯海区居民HUA患病率存在年龄、性别差异,SUA与MS、腰围及TG水平呈正相关。     

男性原发性高尿酸血症的临床特征及血尿酸与代谢综合征组分的关系研究

目的分析男性原发性高尿酸血症的临床特征及血尿酸(UA)与代谢综合征(MS)各组分的关系。方法采用横断面研究方法,将1017例男性体检者按UA分为高尿酸血症组和正常尿酸组;按具有代谢综合征组分的数目不同分为5组(MS0,MS1,MS2,MS3及MS4),分析临床资料。结果高尿酸血症组肥胖、高血压、血脂紊乱患病率高于正常尿酸组,空腹血糖受损患病率两组间差别无统计学意义;MS0~4组间UA差别均有统计学意义;高尿酸血症组的体重指数(BMI)、舒张压(DBP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)明显高于正常尿酸组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)明显低于正常尿酸组,收缩压(SBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)两组间差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);UA与年龄、BMI、TG、TC、Cr有线性回归关系。结论男性原发性高尿酸血症与代谢综合征关系密切。     

高尿酸血症与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究进展

随着人民生活水平的提升以及我国经济水平的不断提高,高尿酸血症(HUA)的在我国的发生率逐年升高。尿酸为嘌呤降解代谢的最终产物,而尿酸晶体在痛风和肾结石的发病机制中被证实是主要病因。除了痛风和肾脏疾病,HUA也被证实与多种代谢疾病和心血管疾病(CVD)密切相关。越来越多的研究结果表明,HUA是高血压、糖尿病等代谢综合征(MS)的重要枢纽,与多种疾病相互联系沟通。而胰岛素抵抗(IR)作为MS的重要组成部分之一,在许多的研究中发现HUA有可能是IR的始动因素,故本文就HUA与IR相互关系进行归纳及综述。     

老年人高尿酸血症与代谢综合征的关系研究

尿酸（UA）是嘌呤代谢的最终产物,高尿酸血症（HUA）不但是痛风及其并发症的病理基础,还与代谢综合征（MS）及其组分间密切相关,且HUA和MS均为心血管疾病（CVD）的危险因素。近年来,随着人们生活方式的变化及人口老龄化加,     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

骨钙素与儿童生长发育

骨钙素是成骨细胞分泌的骨蛋白 ,骨钙素水平与成骨细胞活性成正相关 ,是一项很好的反映骨形成与骨转化的生化指标。小儿骨生长发育有自身特点 ,骨钙素水平的改变类似儿童身高生长曲线 ,可以很好地应用于评价儿童生长发育及监测生长障碍患儿对治疗的反应     

Cholesterol and Egg Intakes with Cardiometabolic and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese and Low-Income Black and White Americans

We examined the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among Chinese and low-income Black and White Americans. Included were 47,789 Blacks, 20,360 Whites, and 134,280 Chinese aged 40–79 years at enrollment. Multivariable Cox models with restricted cubic splines were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality outcomes using intakes of 150 mg cholesterol/day and 1 egg/week as the references. Cholesterol intake showed a nonlinear association with increased all-cause mortality and a linear association with increased cardiometabolic mortality among Black Americans: HRs (95% CIs) associated with 300 and 600 mg/day vs. 150 mg/day were 1.07 (1.03–1.11) and 1.13 (1.05–1.21) for all-cause mortality (P-linearity = 0.04, P-nonlinearity = 0.002, and P-overall < 0.001) and 1.10 (1.03–1.16) and 1.21 (1.08–1.36) for cardiometabolic mortality (P-linearity = 0.007, P-nonlinearity = 0.07, and P-overall = 0.005). Null associations with all-cause or cardiometabolic mortality were noted for White Americans (P-linearity ≥ 0.13, P-nonlinearity ≥ 0.06, and P-overall ≥ 0.05 for both). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed among Chinese: HR (95% CI) for 300 vs. 150 mg/day was 0.94 (0.92–0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.91 (0.87–0.95) for cardiometabolic mortality, but the inverse associations disappeared with cholesterol intake > 500 mg/day (P-linearity ≥ 0.12; P-nonlinearity ≤ 0.001; P-overall < 0.001 for both). Similarly, we observed a positive association of egg intake with all-cause mortality in Black Americans, but a null association in White Americans and a nonlinear inverse association in Chinese. In conclusion, the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality may differ across ethnicities who have different dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, residual confounding remains possible.