原位生成Al3Zr/6063Al复合材料的高应变速率超塑性

采用熔体直接反应法,原位制备5%wtAl3Zr/6063Al复合材料。在450℃进行70%变形量锻造预处理,然后进行搅拌摩擦大塑性加工,通过XRD、SEM、EDS、超景深及TEM等分析测试方法研究其高应变速率超塑性。结果表明,通过锻造和搅拌摩擦加工处理后,复合材料的平均晶粒尺寸小于10μm。在350℃~500℃,初始应变速率为1.0×10-3s-1~1.0×10-1s-1范围内,复合材料都表现出超塑性。在500℃,初始应变速率为1.0×10-2s-1,延伸率达到最大值330%,反应敏感指数m值为0.45。分析超塑性变形的主要机制是动态连续再结晶与晶界、位错滑移共同协调完成。     

原位生成Al_3Zr/6063Al复合材料的高应变速率超塑性（英文）

采用熔体直接反应法,原位制备5%Al_3Zr/6063Al质量分数复合材料。在450℃进行70%变形量锻造预处理,然后进行搅拌摩擦大塑性加工,通过XRD、SEM、EDS、超景深及TEM等分析测试方法研究其高应变速率超塑性。结果表明,通过锻造和搅拌摩擦加工处理后,复合材料的平均晶粒尺寸小于10μm。在350~500℃,初始应变速率为1.0×10~(-3)~1.0×10~(-1)s~(-1)范围内,复合材料均呈现超塑性。在500℃,初始应变速率为1.0×10~(-2)s~(-1),延伸率达到最大值330%,反应敏感指数m值为0.45。分析超塑性变形的主要机制是动态连续再结晶与晶界、位错滑移共同协调完成。     

原位TiB2/Al复合材料摩擦磨损性能

研究了原位内生TiB2颗粒增强铝基(TiB2/Al)复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并借助SEM对材料的磨损表面进行了分析.试验结果表明:复合材料的耐磨性优于基体铝.     

采用摩擦搅拌工艺制备Al/Al_2Cu原位纳米复合材料（英文）

采用摩擦搅拌工艺制备Al/Al_2Cu原位纳米复合材料,研究摩擦搅拌工艺参数如旋转速率、行进速率、搅拌道次和搅拌针形状对铝基纳米复合材料显微组织、化学反应和显微硬度的影响。由于摩擦搅拌工艺的机械活化效应以及Al-Cu放热反应产生大量的热,Al_2Cu粒子快速形成。纳米复合材料的显微组织包含细小晶粒的铝基体(~15μm)、未反应的铜纳米粒子以及Al_2Cu纳米强化相。Al_2Cu粒子的不规则形貌是由于摩擦搅拌过程中产生局部熔化。搅拌针直径对材料的显微组织和硬度具有较大的影响。与基体合金相比,所得复合材料的硬度提高了57%。     

锻压对原位Al3Ti/6063Al复合材料微结构及摩擦磨损性能影响

研究了不同锻压变形量30%、50%、70%,对Al3Ti/6063Al复合材料显微组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明,复合材料锻压变形后,原位Al3Ti增强颗粒断裂、破碎,沿平行于锻压方向呈明显的定向分布,基体晶粒变形剧烈,形成流线型织构,材料内部产生大量位错。随锻压变形量的增加,摩擦系数降低;在相同载荷下,70%变形锻压样的摩擦系数最小;复合材料磨损表面粗糙度随锻压变形量的增加而减少,变形量为30%时,粗糙度波动范围最小,变化相对稳定;磨痕宽度随锻压变形量增加而变宽,磨痕深度则变浅;磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损。     

原位颗粒对近液相线铸造6063铝合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理

以CuO-Al作为反应体系,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成Al₂O₃颗粒,采用近液线相铸造的方法制备6063Al-XAl₂O₃(X=0,2,4,6)复合材料。研究原位反应颗粒Al₂O₃与6063铝合金自带的原位结晶颗粒Mg₂Si的形状、尺寸、数量、分布、界面特征等对合金微观组织和耐磨性的影响机理。结果表明,在6063铝合金中原位反应生成尺寸在亚微米级的近球形θ-Al₂O₃颗粒;其(311)晶面与6063铝合金基体(111)晶面成共格界面;6063铝合金中Mg₂Si尺寸大约为100nm,呈条带状,其(02-2)与Al基体(111)晶面属于共格界面。随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,6063铝基复合材料的晶粒组织形貌由蔷薇状逐渐向等轴晶转变,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。当Al₂O₃的质量分数为6%时,复合材料组织由等轴晶和细小的柱状晶组成。载荷为50N时,6063铝合金的磨损量为6.72mg,6063-6Al₂O₃复合材料的磨损量为1.63mg,相对于6063铝合金降低75.7%。原位颗粒(Al₂O₃+Mg₂Si)与铝基体都成共格界面,界面之间无污染,界面结合强度高,在磨损过程中,不易从基体中脱落,承当磨损过程中的大部分载荷。原位生成高硬度的Al₂O₃颗粒与原位结晶颗粒Mg₂Si协同作用共同提高复合材料的耐磨性。外加载荷为40N时,随着增强相质量分数的增加,复合材料的磨损机制由粘着磨损转变为磨粒磨损。6063铝合金磨损机制以严重的粘着磨损为主。6063-2Al₂O₃复合材料磨损机制主要以粘着磨损为主,6063-4 Al₂O₃和6063-6Al₂O₃复合材料主要表现为磨粒磨损。     

原位反应-液态搅拌法ATS/Al复合材料的显微组织与力学性能

用光学显微镜和透射电镜对液固原位反应-液态搅拌法制备的Al3Ti-TiB2-SiCp/Al13Si2CuNiMg混杂增强铝基复合材料(简记为ATS/Al)的显微组织特征进行了观察分析,用MTS800电液伺服试验机测定了T6热处理态该复合材料室温和350 ℃时的拉伸性能,并与基体合金的组织与性能进行了对比.结果表明,ATS/Al复合材料的Al晶粒和初生Si尺寸明显减小,Al基体中的位错密度增大.原位反应生成的TiB2尺寸细小(约为1 μm),与Al晶体间存在[011-]Al∥[010]TiB2位向关系.ATS/Al复合材料的室温与350 ℃拉伸断裂强度分别提高到375 MPa和175 MPa,比基体合金提高了10%和20%,而延伸塑性接近基体合金.本文对原位反应-液态搅拌法ATS/Al复合材料的多机制协同增强机理进行了讨论.     

挤压对ZrB_2/6063Al复合材料组织及其摩擦磨损特性的影响

以6063Al-(K_2ZrF_6+KBF_4)为反应体系,原位反应制备了ZrB_2/6063Al铝基复合材料,采用挤压方法对复合材料进行塑性加工。研究了挤压前后复合材料的微观组织变化,以及挤压工艺对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:铸态原位内生制得的复合材料,基体晶粒大小为30~50μm,ZrB_2颗粒呈规则的多边形,团聚现象严重。经过挤压加工之后,复合材料晶粒细化,大小为7~14μm,增强颗粒呈有圆边的多边形,分布均匀,尺寸为1~3μm,团聚改善。由于挤压后增强颗粒分布更加均匀,颗粒更加圆钝,使得摩擦后磨痕表面更加平整,各部分凹凸差异减小。摩擦系数随着载荷的增大而减小,载荷为12 N时摩擦系数最小为0.29,相比于原始铸锭复合材料的最小摩擦系数减小了32.4%。挤压后复合材料的磨损体积和磨损宽度均减小,耐磨性也得到了很大的提高。复合材料的磨损机制是以磨粒磨损为主,轻微粘着磨损为辅。     

复合强化Al_3Ti·AlN/ZL101原位复合材料研究

用 OM及 TEM对 Al3Ti· Al N/ZL 10 1及 Al3Ti/ZL 10 1原位复合材料的微观结构进行了研究 ,并测试了试验材料的力学性能。通过综合分析微观结构对力学性能的影响 ,探讨了原位复合材料的增强机制。研究结果表明 :原位复合材料中由于 0 .5μm左右增强相的存在 ,使基体及共晶硅的晶粒明显细化 ;增强相均匀弥散地分布于α- Al晶粒内部 ,对α- Al有强烈的细化作用 ;复合增强体强化的原位复合材料 Al3Ti· Al N/ZL 10 1比单一增强体强化的原位复合材料Al3Ti/ZL 10 1及基体材料 ZL 10 1有更好的力学性能。细晶强化和弥散强化是本文所述的原位复合材料的主要强化机制     

锻压对原位Al_3Ti/6063Al复合材料微结构及摩擦磨损性能的影响

研究了不同锻压变形量(30%、50%、70%)对Al_3Ti/6063Al复合材料显微组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明,复合材料锻压变形后,原位Al_3Ti增强颗粒断裂、破碎,沿平行于锻压方向呈明显的定向分布,基体晶粒变形剧烈,形成流线型织构,材料内部产生大量位错。随锻压变形量的增加,摩擦系数先增加后减小;在相同载荷下,70%变形锻压样的摩擦系数最小;复合材料磨损表面粗糙度随锻压变形量的增加而减小,变形量为30%时,粗糙度波动范围最小,变化相对稳定;磨痕宽度随锻压变形量增加而变宽,磨痕深度则变浅;磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损。     

In situ formation of various intermetallic particles in Al–Ti–X(Cu,Mg) systems during friction stir processing

In situ Al composites reinforced by various intermetallic particles were fabricated from Al–Ti–X(Cu, Mg) systems by hot pressing, forging and subsequent 4-pass friction stir processing (FSP). The formation of various intermetallic particles during FSP and the tensile properties of in situ composites were investigated. For Al–Ti–Cu system, Cu enhanced the Al–Ti reaction and resulted in the formation of more Al₃Ti particles due to the presence of a small amount of liquid phase during FSP. After FSP, part of Cu was kept in the Al matrix as solute, whereas the other formed Al₂Cu particles. For Al–Ti–Mg system, except for Al₃Ti, some Ti₂Mg₃Al₁₈ particles with fine twin lamellas were formed during FSP, resulting in an increase in the total volume fraction of reinforcing particles. Cu and Mg addition increased the strength of the in situ composites substantially due to introduction of more strengthening modes and more reinforcing particles, however the elongation decreased dramatically.     

Al-Zr(CO3)2体系反应生成Al基复合材料的力学和磨损性能研究

运用Al-Zr（CO3）2体系熔体反应法制备了（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p／Al合材料，研究了（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p／Al复合材料的力学和磨损性能。结果表明：Al-Zr（CO3）2与Al熔体反应生成了Al2O3、Al3Zr颗粒；（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）g/A复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度随颗粒理论体积分数的增大而提高，当颗粒体积分数为10％时，复合材料的Rm为148．3MPa，较铝基体提高了90．1％，复合材料的Rp02为110．5MPa，较铝基体的提高了163．1％，复合材料的断后伸长率先升后降；由复合材料的拉伸断口SEM可知：随着反应物质量增加，塑性变形区减小，但仍是塑性断裂；由磨损表面SEM观察表明：（Al3Zr＋Al2O3）p/Al复合材料的磨损特征为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的混合型磨损。     

Effects of Tool Rotation Rates on Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Friction Stir Processed Mg-Zn-Y-Zr AlloyEI北大核心CSCD

Compared to conventional Mg-Al and Mg-Zn system magnesium alloys, the Mg-Zn-Y-Zr heat-resistant alloy exhibits high thermal stability due to the addition of Y earth element, which is an ideal candidate for producing high strain rate superplasticity (HSRS, strain rate >= 1 x 10(-2) s(-1)). Recently, the HSRS of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy was achieved by friction stir processing (FSP), because the FSP resulted in the generation of fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains and fine and homogeneous second phase particles. However, the study on superplastic deformation mechanism of FSP Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy at various parameters is limited relatively. Therefore, at the present work, six millimeters thick as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Zr plates were subjected to FSP at relatively wide heat input range of rotation rates of 800 r/min to 1600 r/min with a constant traverse speed of 100 mm/min, obtaining FSP samples consisting of homogeneous, fine and equiaxed dynamically recrystallized grains and fine and uniform Mg-Zn-Y ternary phase (W-phase) particles. With increasing rotation rate, within the FSP samples the W-phase particles were broken up and dispersed significantly and the recrystallized grains were refined slightly, while the fraction ratio of the high angle grain boundaries (grain boundaries misorientation angle >= 15 degrees) was increased obviously. Increasing rotation rate resulted in an increase in both optimum strain rate and superplastic elongation. For the FSP sample obtained at 1600 r/min, a maximum elongation of 1200% was achieved at a high-strain rate of 1x10(-2) s(-1) and 450 degrees C. Grain boundary sliding was identified to be the primary deformation mechanism in the FSP samples at various rotation rates by superplastic data analyses and surfacial morphology observations. Furthermore, the increase in rotation rate accelerated superplastic deformation kinetics remarkably. For the FSP sample at 1600 r/min, superplastic deformation kinetics is in good agreement with the prediction by the superplastic constitutive equation for fine-grained magnesium alloys governed by grain boundary sliding mechanism.     

Er、Zr微合金化5083铝合金的超塑性

针对5E83合金(Er、Zr微合金化5083合金),采用超塑性拉伸试验、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM),探究了Er、Zr微合金元素、晶粒尺寸、变形温度、应变速率对合金超塑性的影响。通过再结晶退火、空冷和水冷的搅拌摩擦加工(FSP),分别获得了晶粒尺寸为7.4、5.2、3.4μm的完全再结晶组织,作为初始状态进行超塑性拉伸。结果表明,初始晶粒尺寸越细小,超塑性伸长率越高。当晶粒尺寸>5μm时,超塑性变形过程晶粒粗化缓慢,细化初始晶粒可显著提高超塑性;而当晶粒尺寸<5μm时,超塑性变形过程晶粒粗化严重,进一步细化初始晶粒对超塑性的提高有限。不同变形温度、应变速率的超塑性拉伸结果显示在变形温度为450～540℃、应变速率为1.67×10^-4～1.67×10^-1 s^-1,超塑性伸长率随变形温度和应变速率的提高呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势;变形温度为520℃、应变速率为1.67×10^-3 s^-1条件下,水冷FSP态合金获得最大伸长率330%...     

Al3Zr析出相对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金板组织、织构与性能的影响

采用不同均匀化制度获得了Al3Zr粒子在晶界析出状态存在显著差异的两种Al-7.81Zn-1.62Mg-1.81Cu(7085型)合金铸锭试样,研究两种铸锭试样热轧板的微结构、织构和性能。结果表明:分级均匀化可促进Al3Zr粒子在晶界区域的析出;均匀化过程中Al3Zr粒子晶界析出量越少,热轧后轧制形变织构组分越强;与基体共格的Al3Zr粒子既能阻碍基于应力作用的位错运动,使轧制形变织构减弱,又能阻碍亚晶界/晶界的热激活运动,影响热轧过程中的动(静)态回复和再结晶,提高材料时效后的硬度,延长峰值硬度存在时间,从而提高材料的力学性能。     

Mechanical properties and fracture of Al–15 vol.-%B4C based metal matrix composites

The present work was performed on three aluminium metal matrix composites (MMCs) containing 15 vol.-%B₄C particles. The matrix in two of these materials is pure aluminium, whereas the matrix of the third material was an experimental 6063 aluminium alloy. All composites were homogenised at elevated temperatures for 48 h before being quenched in warm water. The quenched samples were aged in the range of 25–400°C for 10 h, at each temperature. Hardness and tensile tests performed on the aged MMCs show that the presence of Zr (with or without Ti) resulted in a noticeable hardening due to the precipitation of a Zr rich phase. Maximum strengthening was obtained from the 6063 based MMC due to the precipitation of Mg₂Si phase particles. The present technique used to produce the MMCs examined proved capable of manufacturing composites with a uniform distribution of B₄C in the matrix with a strong degree of matrix/particle bonding. When the MMC samples were deformed to failure, the B₄C was fractured transgranularly without debonding from the matrix. The addition of Zr and Ti resulted in the formation of protective layers around the B₄C particles that were retained after fracture; these protective layers were not affected by the B₄C particle size (0·15–20 μm). Stacking faults were commonly observed in fractured Al 6063/B₄C/15p samples. The precipitation of zirconium–titanium compounds during aging contributed to the composite strength.     

Production of High-Strength Al/Al2O3/WC Composite by Accumulative Roll Bonding

In this study, Al/Al₂O₃/WC composites were fabricated via the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. Furthermore, the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and deformation texture of the composite samples were reported. The results illustrated that when the number of cycles was increased, the distribution of particles in the aluminum matrix improved, and the particles became finer. The microstructure of the fabricated composites after eight cycles of the ARB process showed an excellent distribution of reinforcement particles in the aluminum matrix. Elongated ultrafine grains were formed in the ARB-processed specimens of the Al/Al₂O₃/WC composite. It was observed that as the strain increased with the number of cycles, the tensile strength, microhardness, and elongation of produced composites increased as well. The results indicated that after ARB process, the overall texture intensity increases and a different-strong texture develops. The main textural component is the Rotated Cube component.     

Tribological behavior of friction stir processed SiP/ZA40 in-situ composites

The effect of friction stir processing (FSP) at different rotation speeds (400, 630, 800, and 1000 r/min) and traverse speeds (25 and 50 mm/min) on the tribological properties of a Si particle reinforced Zn−40Al−2Cu-based in-situ composite was investigated. After preliminary optimization, 800 r/min and 25 mm/min were selected as optimum FSP parameters. According to the results, multi-pass FSP improved the tribological properties. For instance, at an applied pressure of 0.75 MPa, the wear rate and average coefficient of friction (COF) of four-pass FSPed composite were lower than those of base composite by 53% and 50%, respectively. SEM examinations of worn surfaces, wear debris, and worn subsurfaces revealed that the intensive refinement and uniform distribution of microstructural phases, especially the coarse Si particles, reduced Si particles interspacing, and elimination of casting defects were the most important factors enhancing the substrate resistance against sliding-induced deformation. This led to the formation of stable tribolayers that improved the tribological properties.     

Wear of Al/Al3Zr functionally graded materials fabricated by centrifugal solid-particle method

In this study, Al–5mass%Zr functionally graded materials (FGMs) were fabricated by the centrifugal solid-particle method (CSPM) under applied centrifugal force of 30, 60 and 120G (units of gravity). Microstructural observation along the centrifugal force direction showed that Al₃Zr platelet particles are almost oriented normal to the applied centrifugal force direction. Volume fraction of Al₃Zr particles increases close to the ring surface. Moreover, this distribution range of Al₃Zr particles becomes broader with decreasing the applied centrifugal force. The wear anisotropy of the fabricated Al/Al₃Zr FGMs was strongly influenced by the platelet particles orientation at the test position. Investigating both of the worn surface morphology and the sub-worn surface layer showed that plastic deformation induced wear is the dominant mechanism during the wear process of Al/Al₃Zr FGMs samples. Therefore, some of the tested samples were severely deformed and an Al₃Zr particles-free layer containing Al–Zr supersaturated solid solution was observed very near to the worn surface during the wear test.     

Formation of Al–Mo intermetallic particle-strengthened aluminum alloys by friction stir processing

This study investigated the formation of Al–Mo intermetallic particle-strengthened aluminum alloys from the mixture of Al and Mo powders by using friction stir processing (FSP). The FSP resulted in considerable plastic deformation and heat input from the rotating pin and its shoulder against the sample. In this process, the hot working nature of FSP can effectively promote the exothermic reaction between Al and Mo to produce fine Al–Mo intermetallic particles with an average size of approximately 200 nm. The Al–Mo intermetallic particles formed during FSP were identified mainly as Al₁₂Mo with a small amount of Al₅Mo. The Al–Mo reaction during heat treatment without the help of concurrent shear deformation was relatively slow because it was controlled by the interdiffusion through the Al₁₂Mo phase. The critical mechanism responsible for the rapid reaction and the formation of nanometer particles in FSP was the effective removal of the Al₁₂Mo phase from the Al–Mo interface, which was caused by the shear force imposed by the rotating tool pin.