气体雾化法制备BNi-7钎料粉末的研究

采用气雾化法制备BNi-7高温钎料粉末,并对钎料粉末的粉体性能和微观组织结构进行分析。采用扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射、激光粒度分析仪和差热分析仪对制备的粉末形貌、物相组成、粒度分布和熔点进行研究分析。结果表明:气雾化制备BNi-7钎料粉末具有良好的球形度、粉末粒度呈正态分布,氧含量低(0.019%),成分均匀以及良好的松装密度。粉末内部主要为枝状晶和胞状晶的快速凝固组织,相组成为面心立方结构的Ni-Cr固溶相和Ni_3P相,粉末熔点为903.11℃。气雾化法制备的BNi-7钎料粉末为理想的高温钎焊材料。     

射频等离子体制备球形钛粉

以不规则形状的大颗粒TiH2粉末为原料,采用射频等离子球化处理技术制备出微细球形Ti粉。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和激光粒度分析测试方法对粉末形貌、物相和粒度进行测试。结果表明:大颗粒的TiH2粉末的脱氢分解、爆碎和球化处理在等离子体中一步完成,得到微细球形粉末。其相组成主要为Ti和残余TiH相;球形粉末在1.3×10-4Pa真空条件下,经750℃、2h脱氢处理后得到单相球形Ti粉。颗粒平均粒径由原来的100~150μm减小至20~50μm,球化率可达到100%。随着加料速率的增加,粉末的球化率降低。采用射频等离子体处理TiH2粉是制备微细球形钛粉的一种新方法。     

GH141合金的凝固偏析特性及均匀化处理

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析仪分析了经真空感应+真空自耗冶炼的GH141合金自耗锭的铸态组织及凝固偏析特性,并研究了均匀化处理温度和时间对GH141合金微观组织、析出相、元素偏析情况的影响规律。结果表明,GH141合金铸锭存在明显枝晶偏析,Ti、Mo偏聚于枝晶间,Al、Co、Cr偏聚于枝晶干;枝晶间主要析出相为MC和M₆C+M₂₃C₆碳化物。在均匀化过程中,随着均匀化温度的升高和时间的延长,枝晶组织消除、碳化物回溶、偏析元素逐渐扩散均匀;经1190 ℃×48 h均匀化处理后,合金成分基本均匀,大部分碳化物已回溶。     

超音速电弧喷射雾化制备的非互溶Ag-10Ni合金粉末的凝固特征

采用超音速电弧喷射气雾化制粉设备制备了难固溶Ag-10Ni合金粉末。研究了粉末粒度分布、形貌及凝固组特征，并对雾化熔滴的冷却速率及过冷度、凝固组织的凝固次序、形成机制进行了分析。结果表明：粉末分散性好、粒度主要集中在20pm～45μm、平均粒度32μm、形貌主要为球形和近球形；粉末颗粒凝固组织为富Ag基体＋弥散分布于基体中的细Ni相＋位于芯部的大直径初晶富Ni相，在大直径初晶富Ni相中弥散分布析出Ag相；富Ag基体的凝固组织为树枝晶组织，小颗粒粉末（〈20μm）枝晶间距小于0．2μm。     

难变形高温合金GH4175铸态组织及均匀化工艺

采用热力学计算、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对GH4175合金铸锭进行显微组织、析出相和元素偏析情况分析,并研究了均匀化处理过程中合金组织演变和元素再分配的变化规律.结果 表明:GH4175合金铸锭枝晶偏析严重,Nb、Mo、Ti元素偏聚于枝晶间,Nb元素的偏析最为严重,主要析出相为γ'相、M23C6、MC、Laves相及针状8相.合金铸锭在1150℃时出现低熔点相熔化现象,在1200℃时出现枝晶初熔.合金铸锭均匀化应采用低温预处理加高温扩散的两段式,经1140℃×10 h+1190℃×30 h均匀化处理后,合金中的有害低熔点相回溶,枝晶偏析基本消除,是比较合理的均匀化工艺.     

高能球磨与射频等离子体球化制备TiAl合金球形微粉

以雾化法制备的大粒度TiAl预合金粉末为原料,采用高能球磨与射频等离子体球化工艺制备出TiAl合金微细球形粉末,并研究了其粉末特性.结果表明,采用上述工艺制备的TiA1合金粉末球形率高;粒度可控,数均粒径可控制在10～60 μm范围内;粉末粒径分布窄,粒度分布均匀度指数约为0.63.粉末氧含量随粒度降低而逐渐增加,数均粒径为31.5 μm的合金粉末的氧含量约为2.44‰;数均粒径为15.6 μm的合金粉末的氧含量约为3.51‰.制备的球形TiAl合金粉末主要由a2相及少量的y相组成;粉末颗粒间成分均匀性良好,颗粒内部为均匀等轴晶组织,随着粉末粒度减小,晶粒组织趋于细化.     

7175铝合金铸锭均匀化工艺及组织分析

采用DTA热分析仪、光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析仪器,研究了7175铝合金铸锭组织及均匀化工艺。结果表明,7175合金的铸态凝固组织由α(Al)+S相+T相非平衡共晶相组成;当均匀化温度在440℃时,合金中枝晶组织部分消失,低熔点相溶解不充分,当均匀化温度在460℃时出现过热组织。调整为阶段均匀化440℃×12 h+460℃×8 h处理后,合金晶界处的共晶组织基本消除,第二相尺寸降低至30μm以下,含铜相基本全部回溶,均匀化效果良好。     

超音速电弧熔化气雾化CuAg10粉末的特性

利用超音速电弧熔化气雾化法制备了CuAg10合金粉末,对合金粉末的组织结构、粒度分布特征、X射线衍射特性、晶格常数及形貌特征等进行了系统研究.结果表明:粉末组织为二次枝晶臂间距很小的枝晶,雾化时的冷却速度达105K/s;合金粉末粒度均匀细小,形状多为球形、类球状, 平均尺寸为44μm;在雾化过程中形成了过饱和(Cu)和(Ag).     

冷喷涂辅助感应重熔合成AlCoxCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层的显微组织和性能

通过冷喷涂辅助感应重熔技术在45钢基体成功制备AlCo_xCrFeNiCu (x=0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0，摩尔分数)高熵合金涂层。研究了Co元素含量对冷喷涂辅助合成高熵合金涂层物相、微观组织的影响。结果表明：通过低压冷喷涂辅助感应重熔技术合成的AlCo_xCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层由fcc+bcc双相混合结构组成，涂层组织为等轴树枝晶+晶间组织，其中枝晶为bcc结构，晶间组织为fcc结构。Co含量的变化会引起AlCo_xCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层的晶格畸变状态发生变化，当x=1.0时，AlCo₁CrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层的晶格应变最大。Co元素含量增加会促进AlCo_xCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层中的枝晶数目增加，同时涂层中的树枝晶尺寸也随着Co元素含量增加而增大。涂层中的树枝晶富集Fe、Cr、Co、Ni元素，枝晶间富集Cu元素，Al均匀地分布在整个涂层中。随着Co含量增加，AlCo_xCrFeNiCu高熵合金涂层的硬度先增加后减小；当x=1.0时...     

均匀化制度对6014铝合金显微组织的影响

借助光学显微镜的明暗场像、差示扫描量热法、扫描电镜及透射电镜等手段,研究了不同均匀化制度对6014铝合金的组织、富铁相转变、元素分布和弥散相均匀性的影响。结果表明,6014铝合金铸锭中存在枝晶偏析现象和非平衡共晶组织,合金元素含量波动较大,晶粒为等轴晶。铸锭中的第二相含量明显高于单级和双级均匀化态,由于第二相形态和分布不同,可分为α-AlFeMnSi、β-AlFeSi、Mg₂Si和Q-AlCuMgSi相。采用560℃×4 h+540℃×6 h双级均匀化处理制度时,网状枝晶并未全部断裂,延长560℃一级均匀化保温时间至12 h时,较多的β-AlFeSi相转变为α-AlFeMnSi相。采用560℃×19 h单级均匀化处理时,枝晶基本由网状形态转变为链状形态。采用580℃×4 h+540℃×6 h双级均匀化制度时,弥散相α-AlFeMnSi分布较为均匀,延长580℃一级均匀化保温时间至12 h时,组织发生过烧,弥散相尺寸增大且在晶界周围富集。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.