不同叶轮形式下离心泵整机非定常流场的数值研究

针对无短叶片、有长短叶片和短短叶片三种叶轮的离心泵,采用非定常CFD方法数值分析了设计工况点的整机全三维流场,讨论了不同叶片形式对水泵扬程、进出口压力波动及叶片表面和中央回转面内参数分布的影响。其中,与无短叶片情况相比较,详细分析了短叶片的有无和短叶片尺寸对泵内流场的影响;并对一个压力波动周期内,由于叶片和蜗舌相对位置不同内部流场的变化给出了相应的分析结果。从动力学角度对降低水泵的振动和噪声提供了有益的分析结果。     

高温熔盐泵中分流叶片对结构动力特性的影响

为研究分流叶片对高温熔盐泵结构动力特性的影响规律,以IS50-32-160型低比转数高温熔盐泵为研究对象。对有/无分流叶片方案不同工作温度、不同工况下的泵转子进行基于ANSYS Workbench的数值计算,分析了泵内部的应力、变形和模态分布规律。研究结果表明:添加分流叶片后,叶轮的等效应力明显减小,说明分流叶片能够有效提高叶轮的承载能力;分流叶片使得转子的变形情况也得到一定的改善,从而降低了叶轮变形对内部流场的影响,且叶轮内的变形分布变得更均匀,从而可减轻泵转子的振动;同时,不同工作温度对泵转子的固有频率及各阶振型影响均不大。     

不同形式高速离心叶轮内部流动的数值模拟

为分析叶轮结构对于叶轮内部流动的影响,对8叶片的闭式和半开式两种形式低比转速高速离心复合叶轮进行研究.采用S-A湍流模型和雷诺时均N-S方程,对叶轮内部的流动进行三维紊流数值计算和分析,并对离心泵进行试验研究.数值计算结果表明,两种形式叶轮内部都存在回流,其中半开式叶轮内部的回流区域较少,液流在间隙里的相对流动大致为圆周方向;叶轮内部的静压力都是由叶片进口到出口逐渐升高,等静压曲线几乎是沿圆周方向,半开式叶轮叶片顶部的静压力低于相应位置根部的静压力,闭式叶轮出口的压力系数高于半开式叶轮.试验结果表明,半开式叶轮离心泵的效率较高,说明叶轮内部的回流是影响离心泵性能的重要因素.     

Influence of blade thickness on transient flow characteristics of centrifugal slurry pump with semi-open impeller

As the critical component, the impellers of the slurry pumps usually have blades of a large thickness. The increasing excretion coefficient of the blades affects the flow in the impeller resulting in a relatively higher hydraulic loss, which is rarely reported. In order to investigate the influence of blade thickness on the transient flow characteristics of a centrifugal slurry pump with a semi-open impeller, transient numerical simulations were carried out on six impellers, of which the meridional blade thickness from the leading edge to trailing edge varied from 5-10 mm, 5-15 mm, 5-20 mm, 10-10 mm, 10-15 mm, and 10-20 mm, respectively. Then, two of the six impellers, namely cases 4 and 6, were manufactured and experimentally tested for hydraulic performance to verify the simulation results. Results of these tests agreed reasonably well with those of the numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that when blade thickness increases, pressure fluctuations at the outlet of the impeller become severe. Moreover, the standard deviation of the relative velocity in the middle portion of the suction sides of the blades decreases and that at the outlet of the impeller increases. Thus, the amplitude of the impeller head pulsation for each case increases. Meanwhile, the distribution of the time-averaged relative flow angle becomes less uniform and decreases at the outlet of the impeller. Hence, as the impeller blade thickness increases, the pump head drops rapidly and the maximum efficiency point is offset to a lower flow rate condition. As the thickness of blade trailing edge increases by 10 mm, the head of the pump drops by approximately 5 m, which is approximately 10 % of the original pump head. Futhermore, it is for the first time that the time-averaged relative flow angle is being considered for the analysis of transient flow in centrifugal pump. The presented work could be a useful guideline in engineering practice when designing a centrifugal slurry pump with thick impeller blades.

     

运用正反问题迭代法进行叶片式气液混输泵叶轮的水力设计

基于正反问题迭代,提出了叶片式气液混输泵叶轮水力设计的方法。叶轮叶片的初始几何形状根据给定的速度矩分布规律进行设计,通过叶轮内CFD三维流场分析结果,改进流道参数和速度矩分布规律以优化叶片几何参数和流场分布。外特性试验结果表明,设计叶轮可在较宽的流量范围及含气量范围下工作,最优工况效率可达44．0％,且能在短时间内输送100％的气体而不发生气堵现象,证明了该设计方法的有效性和可靠性。     

3D Particle image velocimetry test of inner flow in a double blade pump impeller

The double blade pump is widely used in sewage treatment industry,however,the research on the internal flow characteristics of the double blade pump with particle image velocimetry(PIV) technology is very little at present.To reveal inner flow characteristics in double blade pump impeller under off-design and design conditions,inner flows in a double blade pump impeller,whose specific speed is 111,are measured under the five off-design conditions and design condition by using 3D PIV test technology.In order to ensure the accuracy of the 3D PIV test,the external trigger synchronization system which makes use of fiber optic and equivalent calibration method are applied.The 3D PIV relative velocity synthesis procedure is compiled by using Visual C++ 2005.Then absolute velocity distribution and relative velocity distribution in the double blade pump impeller are obtained.Test results show that vortex exists in each condition,but the location,size and velocity of vortex core are different.Average absolute velocity value of impeller outlet increases at first,then decreases,and then increases again with increase of flow rate.Again average relative velocity values under 0.4,0.8,and 1.2 design condition are higher than that under 1.0 design condition,while under 0.6 and 1.4 design condition it is lower.Under low flow rate conditions,radial vectors of absolute velocities at impeller outlet and blade inlet near the pump shaft decrease with increase of flow rate,while that of relative velocities at the suction side near the pump shaft decreases.Radial vectors of absolute velocities and relative velocities change slightly under the two large flow rate conditions.The research results can be applied to instruct the hydraulic optimization design of double blade pumps.     

轴流泵叶轮汽蚀两相流的数值模拟与分析

为了分析某型号轴流泵叶轮汽蚀状态下汽液两相流特征,本文基于均相流模型、RNG k-ε湍流模型与SIM-PLEC算法,分别从外特性和内部流场两方面分析了轴流泵叶轮的空化过程,通过定量分析不同NPSH下轴流泵的扬程下降和空泡分布的对应关系,讨论了不同空化状态下叶轮内部速度场和压力场的分布,寻找出轴流泵空化发生破坏的位置和发展趋势。数值模拟结果表明,空化初生时空泡产生于叶片背面进口轮缘处,随着轴流泵进口压力的不断降低,叶片背面外缘处空泡逐渐向轮毂侧发展,且外缘侧空泡不断向前推进,在装置汽蚀余量NPSH为6.62m时,空泡基本覆盖叶片的背面,此时叶片丧失了部分做功能力,且扬程下降明显。计算模型泵进行了现场运行试验,试验结果表明,数值模拟的空泡分布与实际破坏位置一致,验证了数值计算的准确性,也为解决轴流泵汽蚀破坏问题提供了内流流场参考。     

离心泵偏置短叶片叶轮内部流动的粒子图像速度测量

对三副短叶片不同偏置的低比转数复合叶轮离心泵,应用粒子图像速度仪分别测试大流量、设计流量和小流量三种工况下长短叶片叶轮同一叶槽内的瞬时流场.分析叶槽内相对速度矢量、速度等值线的特征,揭示短叶片不同偏置时的速度分布规律.研究三副长短叶片复合叶轮出口处径向速度、切向速度、相对速度和相对液流角沿圆周的分布,测得与三副叶轮相对应的泵外特性曲线.测量结果表明,分流短叶片不同偏置对叶槽内流场的影响差异明显,当短叶片进口相对出口向压力面偏转时,叶轮出口相对速度分布很不均匀,短叶片工作面出口存在较大的低速区;与之相反,当短叶片进口相对出口向吸力面偏转时,叶轮出口速度分布较均匀,并且泵的扬程与流量曲线明显右移,大流量时,效率显著提高.     

不同叶片数下管道泵内部流动及振动特性的数值与试验研究

为研究不同叶片数下管道泵内部的流动特性及振动特性,采用标准k-ε湍流模型和滑移网格技术,在CFX数值计算软件中,分别对6叶片和7叶片的管道泵内部全流场进行三维非定常数值模拟,计算得到不同流量下叶轮内部流动特性、蜗壳内部静压特性以及叶轮转矩波动特性。对比0.1qV工况下两种叶片数下的数值计算结果,发现6叶片下的“射流-尾迹”效应及静压变化梯度均大于7叶片,6叶片下的转矩波动强度大于7叶片;不同叶片数下,叶轮内部的相对速度变化规律、静压变化规律以及蜗舌附近低压区的发展变化规律与蜗舌和叶轮的相对位置有关。采用振动试验测量不同叶片数下管道泵的振动水平,分析振动试验结果和数值计算结果表明,在不同流量下,6叶片的振动水平高于7叶片,主要在于6叶片具有较强的压力脉动和不稳定流体力的作用;叶频及其倍频是管道泵产生振动的主要激励频率。因此,可以通过优化叶片设计参数(Z,β2,β1)来改善管道泵内部的不稳定流动状态,进而降低振动水平。     

两相流离心泵水力输送性能计算分析

为探索一台固液两相流离心泵的水力性能与磨损特性,基于代数滑移混合物模型(Algebraic slip mixture model,ASMM)对其内部流场进行三维不可压缩定常流动数值计算,其中转子与定子之间的动静耦合采用"冻结转子法"实现。多相位定常流动计算结果与水力试验结果的对比确定最佳的转动位置,并确认数值计算方法的准确性。预测结果表明,颗粒属性对模型泵水力性能影响的次序为固相体积分数、颗粒密度和粒径。随着颗粒直径、密度和固相体积分数的增加,预测扬程均下降;效率总体上也呈现下降趋势,但在固相体积分数为10%时输送效率最高。在靠近隔舌的叶轮出口处存在由低、中、高三种速度组合的双剪切层射流—尾流结构。总体而言,模型泵叶片吸力面的磨损程度比压力面更为严重。固相体积分数对叶片表面磨损程度的影响比较明显,颗粒密度影响较小,颗粒直径仅对吸力面磨损程度影响显著,对压力面影响不明显。     

具有分流叶片的径流式压气机叶轮三元流场计算

本文提出了计算具有分流叶片的径流式压气机叶轮三元流场计算方法。通过分流叶片前缘的S 2流面及分流叶片两侧分支流道中的流量在计算中经迭代自动确定。计算实例表明,应用本文计算方法可以得到流线位置和相对M数分布收使敛程度均相当好的数值解。并发现当分流叶片偏离中间位置时,流场比较好。     

分流叶片对离心泵流场和性能影响的数值预报

针对低比速离心泵IS 50-32-160模型,给出不同叶片数下、不同分流叶片长度的设计方案,采用计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics, CFD)方法,对多方案的全流场进行分析。对非设计流量工况计算采用了稳态N-S方程求解,对于叶轮和蜗壳、前后腔体的交界面采用滑移网格技术进行处理。通过叶轮叶片上扭矩分析,并结合以往试验和计算经验,给出适用于低比速离心泵分流叶片长度的设计公式;流场计算结果显示：分流叶片有利于叶轮出口和蜗壳入口的压力、速度分布均匀性,能有效提高叶轮出口压力,减小压力脉动;通过不同工况的计算模拟,预测各个设计方案离心泵的性能,结果表明：含分流叶片离心泵的效率向偏大流量处偏移,扬程提高较多,且功率曲线更加陡峭。最后总结了不同叶片数对水泵性能的影响,给出不同设计要求时叶片数取值参考。     

高比转数蜗壳式混流泵的设计与试验

采用线性分布的轴面流线速度环量和叶片角度变化规律来设计叶轮,采用圆弧翼型进行固定导叶的设计,蜗壳断面采用非对称断面,进而设计了一叶片可调比转数为564.3的蜗壳式混流泵。应用FLUENT对该泵的内部流动进行了数值模拟并根据模拟结果进行了能量性能预测。内流模拟结果显示该泵内部流动均匀,性能预测结果表明该泵可以满足设计要求。真机性能测试表明该泵在叶片角度为0°时最高运行效率达85.76%,在设计点运行效率要比设计要求高约3%。研究结果对于更高比转数蜗壳式混流泵的设计具有比较重要的指导作用。     

非设计工况下带分流叶片半开式离心叶轮内部流动特性数值研究（英文）

In order to investigate the complex flow characteristics inside an unshrouded centrifugal impeller with splitter blades at off-design conditions, and analyze its influence on pump operation stability, a numerical simulation study was carried on using the curvature-corrected SST-CC turbulence model; the head and efficiency accorded with experimental results. The pressure fluctuation, unsteady radial force and velocity were analyzed quantitatively and the numerical results indicate this: the peak to peak value of pressure fluctuation in the impeller channel gradually increases in the flow direction and at 0.49 Qn, the slope of peak to peak value to normalized impeller channel behind the splitter blade is 8.57 times greater than that before the splitter blade. The greater the flow rate deviates from the design condition, the larger the peak to peak value of the pressure fluctuation and radial force; in particular at 0.27 Qn, the maximum radial force is 194.29% greater than that of the design condition. When the operating flow rate is smaller than0.83 Qn, the stall occurs and the stall vortex could block the impeller discharge; as the flow rate decreases further, the pressure amplitude at rotational frequency gradually increases in the impeller channel and the prevailing frequency changes from the blade passage frequency(BPF) to the rotating stall frequency in the diffuser. The tip leakage vortex(TLV) is generated in the tip region and rotated move downstream in the impeller flow channel, and the backflows appear on the blade suction side and in the tip and the tongue regions; the smaller the flow rate, the more serious the TLV and backflow phenomenon. The rotating stall causes uneven flow in the impeller channel, increasing the pressure fluctuation and the radial force, and resulting in an imbalance of the impeller rotation.     

旋流泵内盐析两相流场的计算及试验研究

为研究流体机械内部伴有盐析的液固两相流动情况,自行设计了旋流式模型泵,采用双流体模型计算了该泵在最优工况下的氯化钠盐析两相流场,并采用先进的激光相位多普勒粒子测速仪测量了泵无叶腔及叶轮内部盐析两相流的三维速度场。将试验结果与计算结果进行对比,验证了计算模型的适用性,并给出了误差分析。通过对试验测得的周向、轴向、径向速度及其对应的脉动速度分布曲线讨论,初步揭示了该型泵内盐析两相流动特征。在整个流道内,盐析晶体颗粒大部分集中于无叶腔,且分布较均匀;进入叶轮后向叶片工作面靠拢;颗粒浓度最低处是在叶轮进口叶片背面靠近叶轮后盖板附近;液固两相在叶轮与无叶腔中的周向速度分布差异明显;两相间速度及脉动速度有滑移,但差异总体上并不显著。     

串列式双级轴流泵性能的数值模拟

为了揭示串列泵的内部流动机理及其能量特性,采用两个具有试验结果的轴流式叶轮和一新设计的导叶串联组成了一串列式轴流泵模型。应用Pro-E对该串列泵进行三维实体造型,用数值模拟的方法计算泵内的流场。数值计算采用NUMECA商业软件。在不同的工况条件下获得前后叶轮内部的速度矢量分布。基于流场计算结果,预测包括扬程、效率和轴功率在内的串列泵性能。将数值计算的结果与原叶轮的试验结果进行对比并与首级叶轮比较,串列轴流泵次级叶轮压力面和吸力面的速度具有较大的差值。与一般的轴流泵比较,串列式轴流泵具有比较宽的高效区,最优工况点向大流量区域偏移,其轴功率不再像普通轴流泵那样随流量的增加而减小。为了分析前后叶轮的相互作用,预测不同的后叶轮叶片偏转角条件下的串列泵性能,结果表明后叶轮的叶片偏转角对串列泵性能有重大的影响。     

Effect of the blade loading distribution on hydrodynamic performance of a centrifugal pump with cylindrical blades

The effect of the blade loading distribution on head, radial force and pressure pulsation of a low specific-speed centrifugal pump with cylindrical impeller blades were investigated in the present study. Blade shapes were obtained by adopting the 1D inverse design method, impellers with different blade loading curves were obtained while the distribution of the blade loading was carefully tailored. Threedimensional URANS simulation method based on the Shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model was employed for the analyzation of flow patterns. Numerical results including the pressure distribution and velocity profile were validated by comparing with the available experimental data, and an acceptable agreement was obtained. Three typical parameters of the blade loading curve, including the location of the fore-loading point (m_pre), location of the aft-loading point (m_post) and slope of the rectilinear segment (K), were analyzed. Results showed that the well-designed blade loading curve, such as the fore-loading impeller, can effectively reduce the pressure pulsation amplitude and the radial force. The significant effect of the variation of the aft-loading point on pump hydrodynamic performance was also investigated. Meanwhile, pressure and velocity distributions at different slopes of the blade loading curves show that the fore-loading impeller produces more uniform flow issuing from the impeller than that of the pump with aft-loading impeller, thus reduces the radial force and pressure pulsation of the pump.     

一种实用的混流泵叶轮设计方法

在对优秀水力模型统计的基础上，利用一元流动理论的基本思想，按照离心泵叶轮的设计思路，对设计过程中的重要参数如叶轮出口宽度，叶轮外径、叶片出口角等的选取进行了修正，提出了一种实用的混流泵设计方法。     

Numerical simulation and analysis of flow characteristics in the front chamber of a centrifugal pump

We performed numerical simulations to study the flow characteristic in a centrifugal pump based on the RANS equations and the RNG k-ε turbulent model. The flow field, including the front and back pump chambers, the impeller wear-ring, the impeller passage, the volute casing, the inlet section and outlet section was calculated to obtain accurate numerical results of fluid flow in a centrifugal pump. The flow characteristic was studied from the internal flow structure in pump chambers, the radial velocity at impeller outlet as well as the pressure inside of the pump, the circumferential velocity and the radial velocity in front pump chamber. The variation of flow parameters in internal flow versus flow rate in the centrifugal pump was analyzed. The results show that the overall performance of the pump is in good agreement with the experimental data. The simulation results show that the distribution of flow field in the front pump chamber is axial asymmetry. The energy dissipation at the impeller outlet is larger than other areas. The distribution of the circumferential velocity and that of radial velocity are similar along the axial direction in the front pump chamber, but the distribution of flow is different along the circumferential and the radial directions. It was also found that the vorticity is large at the impeller inlet compared with other areas.     

叶片数对螺旋离心泵内部流场影响研究

利用工程上普遍采用的k-ε两方程模型和SIMPLE算法,对单叶片和双叶片螺旋离心泵的内部流场进行了数值模拟.得出了叶轮与蜗壳内的速度分布和压力分布等流场信息,比较了单叶片和双叶片螺旋离心泵的特性曲线,单叶片和双叶片螺旋离心泵内部流场的区别与联系,分析了叶片数对螺旋离心泵内部流动规律的影响.