盐酸溶出含镁废渣中镁的工艺研究

用盐酸溶出废镁渣作为回收镁的工艺,该工艺的主要原理是碱性氧化物与酸溶液的反应机理,使可溶性的离子进入到溶液而与渣分离,从而达到回收镁的目的。研究不同溶出时间、盐酸的用量、溶出温度和液固比对镁的溶出率的影响。用原子吸收光谱仪分析滤渣中镁的含量,然后通过相关的公式计算出镁的溶出率,从而得出在最佳条件为:溶出时间20 min,盐酸用量55 m L,溶出温度70℃,液固比4∶1,镁的溶出率可达98%以上。     

二段酸溶法制取碱式氯化铝

本文研究盐酸二段溶出低品位铝土矿制取碱式氯化铝,并与焙烧法、加压法对比,认为加入少量引发剂能显著提高氧化铝溶出率,制得产品主要是多核羟基铝的聚合体。     

高硫铝土矿溶出过程中脱硫研究

研究了高硫型高品位铝土矿溶出过程的脱硫效果,考察了石灰添加量、溶出温度、苛性碱浓度和溶出时间对铝土矿中脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,在溶出高硫铝土矿时,脱硫效果最佳条件是:石灰添加量10%,温度245℃,脱硫时间70 min,碱液浓度240 g/L。此时,硫的溶出率仅为31.3%,同时又能保证氧化铝溶出率不低于81%。     

铝土矿制备聚合氯化铝铁及其应用研究

常压下，在盐酸直接酸浸铝土矿的基础上，聚合一字量的Fe^3 ，制备聚合氯化铝铁，研究影响氧化铝溶出率的因素，得到用该铝土矿制备聚合氯化铝铁的最佳条件，并将该聚合氯化铝铁用于浊度和COD的去除，表明它是一种新型高效絮凝剂。     

含钒铝土矿中钒高效浸出实验研究

河南省某高度风化的含钒铝土矿,属难浸含钒矿物。该矿样含V:1.24%,最终确定浸出工艺条件:添加剂用量为6%,氧化剂用量为2%,浸出温度为80℃,浸出时间为4h,盐酸用量为80%,矿石粒度为160目占85%,钒浸出率达到89%~92%,突破了从含钒铝土矿中难浸出钒的技术瓶颈,为含钒铝土矿中提取钒的后续研究奠定了基础。     

聚合氯化铝制备过程工艺条件优化

以副产盐酸、氢氧化铝、铝酸钙为原料,制备了聚合氯化铝。探讨了酸溶温度、反应压力、盐酸浓度、酸溶时间对氢氧化铝中铝溶出率的影响,以及水解聚合温度、水解聚合时间、铝酸钙加入量对铝酸钙中铝溶出率和聚合氯化铝盐基度的影响。结果表明,制备聚合氯化铝的最佳工艺条件为:副产盐酸用量为80mL,酸溶温度为150℃,反应压力为0.4MPa,盐酸浓度为26%,酸溶时间为2h,水解聚合温度为100℃,水解聚合时间为1.0h,铝酸钙加入量为48.0g。对最佳工艺条件下制备的聚合氯化铝,采用Ferron逐时络合比色法对其分子形态进行了测定。     

磷酸法分解磷钾矿过程中钾硅分解率的研究

针对四川雅安的低品位磷钾矿采用磷酸和某添加剂分解,分解残渣通过盐酸浸取溶出钾,考察了影响该体系钾、硅分解率的各种因素。得出较优工艺条件是：分解反应温度为250 ℃,反应时间为2 h,85%磷酸加入量为22.23 g,添加剂加入量为理论用量的1.2倍,浸取反应盐酸用量为95 mL。在此条件下,钾的分解率达到95%以上,硅的分解率达到91%以上。本法为低品位磷钾矿的综合利用奠定了一定基础。     

利用铝土矿和铝酸钙制备聚合氯化铝的研究

对利用铝土矿和铝酸钙采用二步法制备聚合氯化铝的工艺进行了研究.考察了制备聚合氯化铝的各种影响因素,确定了一段溶出的最佳条件：铝土矿焙烧温度650 ℃,焙烧时间1 h,酸浸温度85～95 ℃,盐酸质量分数20%,酸浸时间2 h;二段溶出过程中可以根据不同的盐基度要求控制铝酸钙的加入量.除浊实验结果表明,二步法制备的聚合氯化铝具有良好的混凝性能.     

盐酸莫西沙星片处方筛选及制备工艺的优化

研究探讨盐酸莫西沙星片的处方筛选及制备工艺的优化。以崩解时限作为研究的考察指标,采用正交试验考察处方中预胶化淀粉用量、交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CCMC-Na)用量以及微晶纤维素(MCC)的用量对不同处方盐酸莫西沙星片崩解时限的影响。并将根据结果自制的盐酸莫西沙星片与市售药物进行体外溶出实验对比,观察与市售药物溶出的不同。当MCC用量为20.0%,CCMC-Na用量为2.5%,预胶化淀粉的用量为10.0%时盐酸莫西沙星片的崩解时限低于3min,而溶出也与市售盐酸莫西沙星片的溶出基本一致。本次研究对盐酸莫西沙星片的处方进行优化,效果较好,达到《中国药典》规定的要求。     

低温磁化焙烧对高铁铝土矿溶出及磁选性能的影响

为实现高铁铝土矿铝铁元素的高效利用，采用“低温磁化焙烧-拜耳溶出-赤泥磁选”的方式处理高铁铝土矿，考察了焙烧温度、H₂浓度及通入时间对高铁铝土矿溶出及磁选性能的影响。结果表明，焙烧过程中一水硬铝石脱水转变为过渡态Al₂O₃，矿物发生热破裂现象，比表面积增大，氧化铝溶出活性增加，在焙烧条件为焙烧温度530℃、H₂浓度20vol%、H₂通入时间5 min时，氧化铝相对溶出率可达97.65%。磁化焙烧过程中，针铁矿转变为赤铁矿，再由赤铁矿转变为磁铁矿，通过溶出解除了铝铁元素之间的嵌布关系，对焙烧矿的赤泥进行磁选，其铁精矿品位达62.05wt%，铁回收率为86.36%。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.