EPON中一种改进的DBA算法

动态带宽分配是EPON系统的关键技术之一。由于多个ONU共享同一上行信道,对上行数据流的控制显得尤为重要。EPON系统使用请求/应答机制对ONU进行带宽分配。在ETRI算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的算法,它支持队列优先级和ONU之间的公平性。通过仿真结果可以看出,改进的算法与ETRI相比,大大减少了平均队列长度。     

一种轮询周期受限的EPON双级动态带宽分配算法

提出一种新的EPON上行带宽分配算法——轮询周期受限的双级动态带宽分配算法。这种算法结合用户等级协定和DiffServ的特点,采用周期受限的轮询方法和双级的带宽分配方式,在OLT端根据ONUi提供的业务队列情况对业务量进行估算,并授权带宽给ONUi,ONUi根据实际的业务量进行再分配。仿真结果表明,这种算法实现了高的带宽利用率,与DBAM相比有效地提高了EPON的QoS。     

基于带宽借贷的EPON动态带宽分配算法

针对以往以太网无源光网络(EPON)动态带宽算法中存在的带宽分配不公平性问题,提出了基于带宽借贷机制的动态带宽算法LLR和LWR,其基本思想为当某光网络单元(ONU)有空余带宽时,光线路终端(OLT)将此ONU多余带宽借贷给重负载ONU,当债权ONU遇到带宽不足的情况时,OLT将会安排负债ONU偿还其未满足请求部分带宽.通过在正常使用和存在"贪婪"用户的两种情况下的仿真,分析了这两种算法的平均时延和丢包率特性.仿真结果表明这两种算法能为正常使用用户提供有保障的公平性服务,消除了以往算法在若干用户过量使用的情况下所有用户都受影响的问题,使动态带宽分配更加公平.     

EPON的性能分析及优化

本文研究了以太无源光网络(EPON)的动态带宽算法,提出了基于轮询-呼叫方式的优化DBA算法.本文以合理地利用和分配带宽,确保系统得到QoS保证为目标,对上行通道剩余带宽的利用提出了相应的优化方法和调度机制,并进行了性能分析和比较.同时在研究了人们往往容易忽略的ONU的退出和启动基础上,进一步对EPON运行过程中ONU的接入和退出时带宽的利用进行了优化,并提出了解决方案.     

EPON上行链路动态带宽分配算法(DBA)分析

介绍和分析EPON的特点,侧重分析动态带宽分配算法的原理和相应类别的优缺点。主要分析3种DBA算法——间插轮询(IPACT)带宽分配算法算法、BGP算法和基于比例分配的支持服务等级区分带宽分配算法,分析其原理、上行通道的利用率及对不同业务等级之间公平性的影响,得出各自优缺点的结论。     

一种新的基于速率预测的弹性分组环公平算法

弹性分组环是一种新的城域网技术,目前还只是发布了草案。公平算法是弹性分组环中的关键技术。IEEE802．17草案中提出的公平算法在非平衡流的情况下数据流易形成振荡,造成网络利用率很低。另外这种公平算法不能高效地利用剩余网络带宽,达到空间重用的目的。本文提出了一种基于速率预测的分组环路公平算法,利用预测流的速率来分配各个节点占用的带宽。分析和仿真表明,这种算法能够达到高带宽利用率的要求,实现空间重用、带宽公平分配、算法快速收敛的目的。     

基于改进粒子群算法的分布式天线系统跨层功率分配方案

结合数据链路层的队列状态信息和物理层的信道状态信息定义了系统的吞吐量系数和公平性系数,建立了分布式天线系统跨层功率分配的离散速率集优化模型。对粒子群优化算法的初始群体产生、粒子更新等步骤进行了改进,形成了改进粒子群算法(IMPSO)。利用IMPSO进行了动态功率分配和跨层优化。数值仿真结果表明,IMPSO能够取得很好的队列时延性能,选取不同的权重可对系统吞吐量性能和公平性性能产生重要影响,IMPSO获得的系统吞吐量性能和公平性性能较之功率固定分配算法(AP)均有较大幅度的提高。     

无线视频传输中自适应的前向纠错技术

提出了一种改进的无线网络视频传输自适应前向纠错(FEC)算法.该算法首先对丢包原因进行区分,根据不同的丢包原因采用不同的带宽估计方法,使得获得的网络拥塞导致丢包的概率更加准确;然后根据视频的不同部分在解码端重要性的不同,在视频数据和冗余数据之间优化分配所估计的带宽,使得在当前网络条件下视频的失真最小.仿真结果表明,这种算法能够更好地提高网络的吞吐量和视频的服务质量.     

多等级服务动态检测的GPON动态带宽分配算法

针对如何实现吉比特无源光网络(GPON)带宽分配公平性,降低网络丢包率及传输延时的问题,开展了多等级服务动态检测的GPON动态带宽分配算法研究。首先分析了GPON工作基本原理,提出了一种针对带宽几何宽度的变量——当前平均动态改变宽度,基于该变量推导了当前平均动态改变宽度的宽带动态检测算法,其次将此算法与面向多等级服务原则相结合,得到了基于当前平均动态改变宽度的多等级服务动态检测GPON动态带宽分配算法。     

基于历史连接信息改进的单边加速FAST TCP算法

针对FAST TCP存在难以选择协议参数的公开问题,根据FAST TCP单边加速应用的特点,提出了一种改进的2层结构的传输层算法.用此算法时,在下层,记录各活跃的FAST TCP连接小时间尺度收集最大排队延时等历史信息,上层算法充分利用历史连接能够提供的最大排队延时等信息,确定目标排队延时的控制范围,大时间尺度周期动态调整协议参数,通知给下层运行的FAST TCP连接,主动控制瓶颈链路的队列长度,避免队列溢出.NS-2仿真实例证明,该改进算法可大幅提高系统的稳定性和利用率.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.