脉动热管可视化实验前期难点问题研究

对脉动热管的结构、工作原理等进行了简要介绍,针对脉动热管可视化实验中遇到的难点问题进行了分析研究。结果表明,添加阀门不但可以控制工质的流动方向而且有利于更换充液率和工质种类;气液柱的分布是随机的,不能人为控制其分布的均匀性;加热和冷却方式的选择对实验结果有很大的影响;应在脉动热管的弯头处布置热电偶并对测定的温度进行修正。     

闭式回路型脉动热管的运行状况与传热性能试验研究

为深入了解闭式回路型脉动热管的运行状况与传热性能,建立紫铜制脉动热管试验平台,分析在风冷条件下加热功率、倾斜角度、充液率和工质等因素对脉动热管运行状况及传热性能的影响,并对各点温度波动原因进行分析。研究结果表明,温度波动幅度可以反应脉动热管内工质流动状态的转变;脉动热管传热性能与其倾斜角度紧密相关;当工质为蒸馏水时,充液率在40%附近时,脉动热管的综合传热性能最优;脉动热管的启动状况与工质的热物性共同决定了工质对脉动热管传热性能的影响。     

液氮温区脉动热管流动及传热特性研究

脉动热管是一种新型传热元件,具有结构简单、传热性能突出的优点。为了研究低温脉动热管管内工质流动及传热特性,采用液氮为工质,运用多相流VOF方法建立闭式环路结构的低温脉动热管的三维数值模型,并对模型进行了数值模拟。文章对低温脉动热管管内工质的流型变化和传热性能的影响因素进行了研究。结果显示,低温脉动热管从启动阶段到稳定运行阶段管内工质存在多种流型。得出低温脉动热管的倾角、充液率和内径会对低温脉动热管的传热性能产生一定的影响,并分析了倾角、充液率和内径对低温脉动热管传热性能的影响特点。     

乙烷脉动热管的CFD数值模拟研究及实验对比

为了更好地了解脉动热管内部的内在运行机制,本文在实验的基础上采用VOF模型对乙烷脉动热管的传热特性进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明:充注工质后,脉动热管内部形成了随机的气液分布;在启动过程和稳定运行过程中,温度波动的频率随着加热功率的增大而增大;在稳定运行过程中,脉动热管内的流型也在不停地变化.将模拟结果与前期的实验结果进...     

用于脉动热管的二元混合工质热力特性探讨

脉动热管是一种新型传热元件。工质种类的选取影响脉动热管的运行与传热,因此应根据脉动热管的用途及相应的温度范围选择适当的工质。提出选取二元混合工作介质(简称混合工质)作为脉动热管的工作介质。分析二元混合工质的露点温度或泡点温度与工质的种类、配比、压力之间的关系,以选取适合脉动热管传热特性的二元混合工质热力参数,得到选取混合工质的相应方法及注意事项。     

常温并联式脉动热管启动及运行特性的实验研究

针对常温并联式脉动热管搭建了采用恒温热水加热热管的实验系统,测试了以甲醇为介质,热管管径为4 mm时,不同冷却形式、加热冷却温度和充液量对热管启动特性的影响;以甲醇为介质,不同热管管径(2、4、6、8 mm)对热管等温性的影响;以及工质为甲醇和R600a,不同加热长度时(20、25、30 cm)热管的传热能力。实验结果表明:热管冷凝段采用水冷时较自然冷却启动快;较高的加热温度和较低的冷却温度有利于热管启动;热管启动时间随充液量的增加而增加。热管运行过程中在纵向和横向均具有良好的等温性,且随着热管管径的增大等温性逐渐降低。随加热温度的升高,工质为甲醇和R600a热管传热量的变化规律不同,缩短加热长度可以缓解过热度过高的不利影响。     

低温脉动热管传热特性的数值模拟研究

近年来,脉动热管作为一种具有较高传热效率的传热元件被广泛研究,应用领域十分广泛。为了研究在低温区内各因素对脉动热管传热性能的影响,以液氮为工质,采用多相流VOF方法建立了弯头数为6的闭环脉动热管的三维数值求解模型,并对其进行数值模拟。结果表明,脉动热管进入稳定运行阶段后,管之间会形成相间分布的上升管和下降管,且在上升管中以塞状流居多,下降管中以泡状流居多;在较低加热功率时,脉动热管的热阻随充液率的增加而减少;对不同充液率,热阻随加热功率都是先减小而后增大,充液率的增加可以一定程度上降低倾角减小对传热热阻的影响。     

大管径闭环脉动热管传热特性研究

设计了一种内径为4 mm的大管径闭式脉动热管实验装置,并通过实验研究了脉动热管的启动特性与热流密度、充液率对其传热性能的影响。实验结果表明:在脉动热管启动过程中存在两种不同启动过程;在其运行过程中热阻随着热流密度的上升而下降;在不同热流密度下,均存在最佳充液率且为0.4左右。同时,通过与2 mm内径的脉动热管传热性能对比,说明了4 mm脉动热管的传热优势。     

单面波浪平板脉动热管的传热性能

对一种单面波浪平板脉动热管的传热性能进行了实验研究,分析在空气强制对流冷却条件下充液率、加热功率、倾角等因素对其传热性能的影响。研究结果表明,除0°倾角外,脉动热管的最佳充液率为20%～30%,倾斜角度对脉动热管传热性能的影响很小,但90°时相对最好。脉动热管在0°放置时其传热性能较差,在低充液率的情况下甚至丧失脉动效果,主要是工质回流不畅的原因,与平板脉动热管的槽道设计有很大关系。此外低加热功率时热管传热性能存在波动,有时甚至不能启动。     

表面活性剂对脉动热管传热特性的影响

本文试验研究了表面活性剂脉动热管的运行性能。采用浓度为0.125%的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)水溶液作为工质。试验结果表明,表面活性剂脉动热管的启动时间和启动温度随输入功率的增加而降低。脉动热管的传热特性与输入功率有关,且随着输入功率的增加而增强。与纯水脉动热管相比,充液率为50%的CTAB脉动热管在加热功率100 W时热阻降低52%。     

Microgravity performance of micro pulsating heat pipes

A micro pulsating heat pipe made of a thin clear Teflon tube of 1.6 mm ID was used to observe the pulsating flow inside a heat pipe under different gravity levels using parabolic flights. More vigorous pulsating flow was observed under microgravity, compared to the depressed movements under hypergravity. Two metallic micro pulsating heat pipes made of an aluminum plate with small internal channels were also tested to investigate the effect of gravity on their heat transfer characteristics. Reduced gravity experiments were performed aboard Falcon 20 aircraft flying parabolic trajectories. Under normal and hypergravity conditions, both the orientation of the pulsating heat pipe and locations of the heated and cooled sections affected the heat transfer performance. Under reduced gravity, however, the heat pipes showed better operating and heat transfer performance than that under normal and hypergravity. These experiments have for the first time confirmed that pulsating heat pipes are capable of operating under reduced gravity and thus are suitable for deployment in space applications such as satellites.     

Effect of number of turns and configurations on the heat transfer performance of helium cryogenic pulsating heat pipe

The pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is a potential alternative to highly conductive metals such as copper for long distance heat transfer. Effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer capacity of a PHP are two of the most critical factors for practical applications. In this paper, a helium based PHP, which consists of 48 parallel tubing sections, was developed. The lengths of the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections are 50 mm, 100 mm and 50 mm respectively. The condenser section was thermally anchored to a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler (GM cryocooler) with a cooling capacity of 1.5 W at 4.2 K. A maximum effective thermal conductivity of 12330 W/m∙K was obtained when 1.1 W heat was applied to the evaporator section at a fill ratio of 70.5%. With the same geometric parameters and operational parameters, the effect of the number of turns on the heat transfer performance was figured out by comparing the 48-turn PHP with an 8-turn PHP. The results show that the temperature difference between the evaporator and condenser sections of the 48-turn PHP is much smaller than that of the 8-turn PHP. The dry-out temperature response, effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer capacity of them are obtained and analyzed. Furthermore, two configurations of the 48-turn PHP, a parallel configuration and a series configuration, are defined. An optimum configuration is proposed and makes a reference to the design of a cryogenic PHP for applications.     

脉动热管的力学分析

脉动热管是涉及多物理学科、多参数的气液两相流系统,研究和分析微小尺度下脉动热管内部系统的受力是进行脉动热管理论建模和机理分析的基础。作用在脉动热管内液塞上的力有液塞两侧气泡的压力、壁面与液塞间的摩擦剪切力、液塞两端的毛细作用力和液塞重力。以无水乙醇为例计算了各个作用力的大小,发现液塞两侧气泡的压力和液塞两端的毛细作用力是影响液塞脉动的主要因素。     

套管式换热器结构变化对换热能力影响的模拟研究

运用ANSYS公司的CFX计算流体软件对内径分别为10mm、16mm,壁厚1mm,管段长1000mm的逆流式套管换热器在内管安置同心和偏心等3种状态在不同工况下进行了数值模拟,得到了管内流体的速度与温度分布,并比较了3种情况下的换热系数。从结果分析得到随着偏心距的增加,套管的换热效果逐步下降。     

空间低温热管的设计与实验研究

介绍了为空间辐射制冷器研制开发的一种干道吸液芯氮气低温热管 ,该热管直径为6mm ,长度210mm ,工作温度80 .0～120 .0K ,最大传热功率可达2.5W ;并对其传热性能进行了实验研究。实验结果表明低温热管的传热性能远远优于固体的导热性能 ,完全能够满足辐射制冷器冷焦面耦合需要     

Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Orientation and Gravity in a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe

The Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe (CLPHP) is a very promising passive two-phase heat transfer device for relatively high heat fluxes (up to 30 W/cm²) patented by Akachi (1990, 1993). Although the CLPHP has a simple structure, its working principles are very complex compared to the standard heat pipe with a porous wick. One of the most debated issues deals on how the thermal performance is affected by the inclination and by the action of different gravity fields (terrestrial, lunar, martian and microgravity). Even if the internal tube diameter satisfies the conventional slug flow regime requirement on the Bond number, gravity force still plays an important role on the PHP behaviour. Heat input and the number of turns are two of the most important indirect parameters linked to the gravity issue. A complete numerical campaign has been performed by means of a FORTRAN code at different inclination angles and gravity levels on various PHP. The numerical model is able to estimate both the hydrodynamic and the thermal performance of a CLPHP with different working fluids. The analysis shows that the effect of local pressure losses due to bends is important and must be taken into account, in particular in the horizontal operation which is the reference point for space applications. Numerical results are matched with the experimental data quoted in literature and both good qualitative and quantitative agreement have been found.     

Performance measurements of a 7 mm-diameter hydrogen heat pipe

A gravity assisted heat pipe with 7-mm diameter has been developed and tested to cool a liquid hydrogen target for extracted beam experiments at COSY. The liquid flowing down from the condenser surface is separated from the vapor flowing up by a thin wall 3 mm diameter plastic tube located concentrically inside the heat pipe. The heat pipe was tested at different inclination angles with respect to the horizontal plane. The heat pipe showed good operating characteristics because of the low radiation heat load from the surroundings, low heat capacity due to the small mass, higher sensitivity to heat loads (to overcome the heat load before the complete vaporization of the liquid in the target cell) due to the higher vapor speed inside the heat pipe which transfers the heat load to the condenser.