8°淡爽型啤酒酿制工艺的探索

主要探讨了８°淡爽型啤酒的酿制工艺。采用６９％的澳大利亚麦芽、６％的浅色焦香麦芽以及２５％的大米为主要原料，选择５５℃下料的二次糖化法，并在糖化过程中加入酵母水解液。酿制出的啤酒能更好地体现出淡爽型啤酒的特点。     

淀粉辅料高发酵度淡爽型啤酒的研制

以玉米淀粉为辅料,添加适量焦香麦芽,经糖化、发酵酿制出高发酵度浅色下面淡爽型啤酒,色泽浅黄,泡沫洁白细腻,口味清爽纯正,啤酒真正发酵度７６％以上,具有较好的经济效益。     

8°淡爽型啤酒酿制工艺的探索

主要探讨了8°淡爽型啤酒的酿制工艺。采用69％的澳大利亚麦芽、6％的浅色焦香麦芽以及25％的大米为主要原料,选择55℃下料的二次糖化法,并在糖化过程中加入酵母水解液。酿制出的啤酒能更好地体现出淡爽型啤酒的特点。     

低浓度淡爽型啤酒的酿造

以改善低浓度淡爽型啤酒品质为目的 ,提出了一种新颖的低浓度淡爽型啤酒的酿造方法 .采用二次煮出二段式糖化法 ,用 70 %麦芽和 3 0 %大米的原料配比 ,提高麦芽汁中糖与非糖的比值 ,并在糖化过程中添加啤酒酵母提取物作啤酒发酵的补充氮源 .所酿造的啤酒口味纯正 ,泡沫洁白细腻 ,持久挂杯 .     

小麦芽酿造淡爽型啤酒技术探讨

自2003年以来,我公司采用下面酵母发酵生产小麦芽淡爽型啤酒,合理转化了农产品,有效控制了生产成本,创造了较好的社会效益和经济效益。本文总结了小麦芽酿造淡爽型啤酒的技术措施。     

不同配比麦芽的麦汁中有机酸含量差异及酿造过程中变化规律的研究

研究试用300L啤酒中试设备,添加不同比例焦香麦芽制备麦汁并发酵,采用抑制型离子色谱法对麦汁及啤酒酿造过程中的有机酸含量进行检测。其结论是麦汁中的有机酸含量随焦香麦芽添加量的增多而增加,发酵过程中有机酸含量呈规律变化。     

关于焦香麦芽小规模炒制的一些体会

焦香麦芽作为一种特种麦芽，在啤酒酿造过程中有着其特殊的作用。不仅可以小比例的使用，以调节啤酒的色度，而且可以较大比例的用于制造浓色啤酒，在调节啤酒色度的同时更能增进啤酒的醇厚性，赋予啤酒一种焦糖和麦芽香味，并有利于改善啤酒的泡持性和非生物稳定性。虽然目前市场上可以购买到焦香麦芽，但对于生产过程中小规模使用，或者用于生产特种啤酒来说，自己炒制会更加符合工厂的质量需求。在此，就使用金属转鼓烘炉将成品浅色大麦芽炒制成焦香麦芽的方法及炒制过程中的一些心得体会与大家进行交流。     

以深色焦香麦芽和黑米为着色原料酿制11°清爽型浓色啤酒的工艺探讨

我国啤酒花色品种主要以淡爽型啤酒为主,尤其南方地区的啤酒,色度越来越浅,浓度越来越低,口味越来越淡。进入2000年以来,已有少量带有亮丽色泽的啤酒如“绿啤”、“红啤”、“黑啤”在市场亮相,给人耳目一新的感觉。据市场调查,市场上的深色啤酒主要有两种类型,一类是以焦香麦芽为主要原料,高浓度发酵,具有典型黑啤风味的浓醇型啤酒;另一类是以淡色啤酒为酒基,简单以焦糖色素加以后修饰而成。本文以深色焦香麦芽、黑米为着色原料和香气来源,酿制成既具有浓色啤酒亮丽色泽和焦香麦芽香气、又有淡色啤酒口味清爽、苦味适中柔和特点的浓色啤酒。     

小麦麦芽在低度啤酒生产中的应用

在低度啤酒生产中，酿造时添加30％小麦麦芽，30％大麦麦芽，40％大米，采用添加复合酶补充酶活，增加可发酵糖含量，降低麦汁粘度，提高原料利用率；过滤时添加硅胶，提高啤酒非生物稳定性；酵母接种量为原料的0．6％，采用低温发酵；可减少副产物，改善啤酒风味特征；提高社会效益。     

使用格瓦斯麦汁酿造黑啤

该方法涉及生产一种供酿造黑啤酒用浅色麦芽汁的糖化醪。其法是糖化、过滤，使含有酒花的麦芽汁煮沸，添加着色剂。为了改善麦芽汁和啤酒的质     

不同种类麦芽对下面发酵啤酒酿造风味的影响

为了从源头控制下面发酵啤酒的发酵生产并提高其品质,通过啤酒发酵模拟体系,系统评价英国麦芽（Eng）、加拿大麦芽（Can）和德国麦芽（Ger）对下面发酵啤酒酿造风味的影响。分别测定了3种麦芽的品质指标及所酿啤酒的理化指标;并采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）法检测了所酿啤酒中风味物质组成和含量上的差异。结果表明,加拿大麦芽的库尔巴哈值（45%）、浸出率（≥77%）、糖化力（414 WK）和α-氨基酸态氮（118 mg/L）等品质指标和酒精度（2.97%vol）、原麦汁浓度（8.63 °P）、实际浓度（2.76%）、外观浓度（1.17%）、实际发酵度（67.97%）和外观发酵度（86.41%）等所酿啤酒的理化指标适中,啤酒中风味物质种类多样（75种）、相对含量丰富（271.82%）、比例协调,是最适合酿造Lager啤酒的麦芽种类。该结果可为高品质啤酒的工业化生产提供理论依据。     

Current Developments in Malting and Brewing Trials with Sorghum in Nigeria: A Review

Initially, large‐scale lager beer brewing with sorghum malts proved highly intractable due to a number of biochemical problems including: high malting losses estimated at 10–30% as against 8–10% for barley; high gelatinisation temperatures which limited starch solubilisation/ hydrolysis by the amylolytic enzymes during mashing; low extract yield/low diastatic power (DP) due to inadequate hydrolytic enzyme activities especially β‐amylase; low free α‐amino nitrogen (FAN) due to inadequate proteolysis limiting yeast growth during fermentation; high wort viscosities/beer filtration problems due to low endo‐β‐1,3; 1–4‐glucanase activities on the endosperm cell walls causing the release of some β‐glucans. Strident research efforts using improved Nigerian sorghum malt varieties (SK5912, KSV8 and ICSV400) have reported some encouraging results. The knowledge of the biochemical integrity of the endo‐β‐glucanases of the sorghum malt is helping to elucidate their mode of activity in the depolymerisation of the β‐glucans. This is bound to ensure process efficiency in sorghum beer brewing, reduce beer production costs and ultimately, produce a Pilsner‐type of lager beer with 100% sorghum malt.     

RELATIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF OXYGEN AND OTHER NUTRIENTS AS FERMENTATION REGULATORS IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferment slowly and give beer of high specific gravity in nutrient-depleted worts produced by substituting carbohydrate syrup for malt. Yeast performance cannot be fully restored by the provision of increased quantities in wort of either amino nitrogen, as serine, or dissolved oxygen. Serine and improved oxygenation act together synergistically and are fully effective. The new situation, in which attenuation pattern is normal, nevertheless differs in several respects from that in malt wort, notably with regard to yeast yield and production of higher alcohols and esters.     

The Impact of a Xanthohumol‐Enriched Hop Product on the Behavior of Xanthohumol and Isoxanthohumol in Pale and Dark Beers: A Pilot Scale Approach

Based on the health‐promoting properties of xanthohumol (XN), the production of an enriched beer in this substance would be of interest to the brewing industry, from the perspective of pointing out the benefits that beer could bring consumer health. For that purpose, in this work efforts were applied to produce a beer enriched in XN. Also investigated was the influence of a XN‐enriched hop product on the content of XN and isoxanthohumol (IXN) in pale and dark beers. It was verified that XN was largely converted into IXN during wort boiling. However, the use of dark malts revealed a positive effect on the thermal isomerisation of XN. These results are indicative of the isomerisation‐inhibiting effect of the stout production process, which resulted in high levels of XN in the beer. Further losses of XN were due to incomplete extraction from the hops into the wort, adsorption to insoluble malt proteins and adsorption to yeast cells during fermentation. It was possible to produce a dark beer enriched in XN (3.5 mg/L) by using coloured malt (caramel malt, roasted malt and roasted malt extract) and a special XN hop extract combined with late hop usage during wort boiling.     

国产麦芽酿造的应用分析

目前许多啤酒生产企业为了降低生产成本,采用国产麦芽替代进口麦芽来酿造啤酒,但国产麦芽的品质会给啤酒产品质量带来一些影响。文中指出了国产麦芽的质量缺陷和酿造性能,并提出了应用国产麦芽生产啤酒的工艺改进办法和优化措施。     

Effect of mashing procedures on brewing

The effect of the double decoction mashing method (method A) and the single decoction plus infusion mashing method (method B) on brewing were compared. The trials were carried out with the same raw material (malt and a minor amount of corn as adjunct) on an industrial-scale plant. The effects of mashing methods A and B were evaluated in wort and beer samples obtained with the high gravity system. The analytical parameters of the worts and beers produced and the economic aspects of production (yield, beer quality, time and energy) were discussed. The results showed no considerable differences in beer quality, while a significant difference was observed in the composition of fermentable sugars of worts. Method B gave a wort with a higher content of fermentable sugars which were converted to alcohol during fermentation; therefore, it allowed to obtain a higher beer volumetric yield of the same quality while saving time and energy.     

着色特种麦芽形成机理与生产工艺的探讨

经过分析研究，设计了两套着色特种麦芽的生产工艺流程。方案一生产出来的麦芽色泽黄褐，香味较浓，适合生产棕色、深红色，口感醇厚，麦芽香味较浓的略有甜味的风味啤酒；方案二生产的特种麦芽，色泽深黑，香味浓郁，适合酿造深黑色啤酒，并非常有利于啤酒非生物稳定性。     

ASPECTS OF ADJUNCT FERMENTATION: I. ANALYSES OF BEERS

The separate fermentation of malt wort and a carbohydrate solution (the adjunct fermentation process) is discussed in relation to factors which have to be taken into account when calculating the volumes of malt and adjunct worts which are to be fermented and to effects of this method of making beer on various aspects of beer analysis. These effects indicate that a beer of desired original gravity can be made by use of the adjunct fermentation process from about 1% less raw material than when conventional methods are used, and that the additional degree of freedom which the adjunct fermentation process introduces can be turned to account in making easier a precise control of beer analyses and in optimizing the malt: adjunct ratio to make products of desired type.     

麦芽品质与啤酒质量研究进展

大麦是啤酒工业的主要原料，大麦的籽粒品质决定了麦芽的品质性状，麦芽品质是决定啤酒质量的主要因素。综述了麦芽主要成分对啤酒质量的影响，有助于啤酒生产者及麦制造者更充分的了解麦芽的特性，从而指导啤酒生产。