背栅偏置对掩埋氧化层辐射感生陷阱电荷调控规律及机理北大核心

研究了辐照过程中施加背栅偏置对掩埋氧化层(BOX)辐射感生陷阱电荷的调控规律及机理。测试了130 nm部分耗尽绝缘体上硅金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管在不同背栅偏置条件下辐射损伤规律,试验结果显示辐照过程中施加正向背栅偏置可以显著增强辐射陷阱电荷产生,而施加负向背栅偏置并不能明显抑制氧化物陷阱电荷的产生,甚至在进一步提高负向偏置时会使氧化物陷阱电荷的数量上升。通过TCAD器件模拟仿真研究了背栅调控机理,研究结果表明:尽管负向背栅偏置可使辐射感生陷阱电荷远离沟道界面,但随着BOX层厚度减薄该区域电荷仍可导致器件电参数退化,且提高负向偏置电压可进一步增强陷阱电荷产生,加剧辐射损伤。     

MOS栅氧的界面特性和辐照特性研究

通过交流电导法,对经过不同时间N₂O快速热处理(RTP)的MOS电容进行界面特性和辐照特性研究。通过电导电压曲线,分析N₂O RTP对Si-SiO₂界面陷阱电荷和氧化物陷阱电荷造成的影响。结论表明,MOS电容的Si-SiO₂界面陷阱密度随N₂O快速热处理时间先增加再降低;零偏压总剂量辐照使氧化层陷阱电荷显著增加,而Si-SiO₂界面陷阱电荷轻微减少。     

电离总剂量效应对HfO2栅介质经时击穿特性影响

针对纳米金属-氧化物-半导体(MOS)器件中采用的高介电常数HfO₂栅介质,开展电离总剂量效应对栅介质经时击穿特性影响的研究。以HfO₂栅介质MOS电容为研究对象,进行不同栅极偏置条件下⁶⁰Co-γ射线的电离总剂量辐照试验,对比辐照前后MOS电容的电流-电压、电容-电压以及经时击穿特性的测试结果。结果显示,不同的辐照偏置条件下,MOS电容的损伤特性不同。正偏辐照下,低栅压下的栅电流显著增大,电容电压特性的斜率降低;零偏辐照下,正向高栅压时栅电流和电容均显著增大;负偏辐照下,栅电流均有增大,正向高栅压下电容增大,且电容斜率降低。3种偏置下,电容的经时击穿电压均显著减小。该研究为纳米MOS器件在辐射环境下的长期可靠性研究提供了参考。     

SO2-4/Bi2O3固体超酸的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用水热法结合H2SO4浸泡处理成功合成了SO^2-₄/Bi₂O₃可见光催化材料, 并采用XRD、TG DTA和UV Vis等对合成产物的物相结构、热化学性能、光吸收性能以及可见光催化性能进行了研究, 对H2SO4浸泡工艺条件对产物的可见光催化性能的影响进行了探讨。研究表明, 水热合成产物为α-Bi₂O₃、Bi₂O₄和Bi₂O₂CO₃的混合物, 其中α-Bi₂O₃为主要成分;H₂SO₄浸泡处理并未改变产物的物相结构, 但经H₂SO₄浸泡处理后产物的光催化性能得到了显著的提高, 并且H₂SO₄浸泡工艺条件对产物的光催化活性有着重要的影响。在实验范围内, 在浓度为0.5mol·L^-1的H₂SO₄溶液中浸泡75min, 再经700℃热处理4h可制备出具有较佳光催化活性的产物, 经75min可见光的照射后对甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色率可达93.1%。     

用溶胶-凝胶法制备的Cu2Bi2Cr2O8薄膜 及其光学和铁磁性能研究

以硝酸铜Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O、硝酸铬Cr(NO₃)₃·9H₂O、硝酸铋Bi(NO₃)₃·3H₂O和乙二醇为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶工艺在石英衬底上制备了纳米Cu₂Bi₂Cr₂O₈薄膜。通过X射线衍射(X-Ray Diffraction, XRD)和拉曼测试对样品进行了表征。结果表明,Cu₂Bi₂Cr₂O₈薄膜具有良好的光学特性,其禁带宽度为1.49 eV;在磁性测试方面,Cu₂Bi₂Cr₂O₈薄膜呈现出了良好的铁磁性。     

γ辐照对1024×1152可见光CCD的影响研究

通过对不同剂量γ辐照前后CCD的暗电流、转移效率、饱和输出电压等参数变化的分析,发现辐照后器件暗电流的增加主要是辐照后栅氧化层中产生的感生界面态电荷和场氧化层中产生大量的复合中心引起;转移效率下降主要是辐照后栅氧化层中产生的界面态俘获转移电荷所致;器件辐照后暗电流的增加将降低器件的有效信号输出幅度.     

PMOS剂量计对60Co和10 keV光子的剂量响应差异

针对P型金属氧化物半导体(PMOS)剂量计对⁶⁰Co和10 keV光子的剂量响应差异问题,本文对400 nm-PMOS剂量计进行了不同栅压条件下⁶⁰Co γ射线和10 keV X射线的对比辐照试验,并通过中带电压法和电荷泵法分离氧化物陷阱电荷和界面态陷阱电荷的影响,发现PMOS对10 keV光子的响应明显低于⁶⁰Co γ射线,其中主要的差异来自氧化物陷阱电荷,退火的差异表示不同射线辐照下的陷阱电荷竞争机制不同,不同的分析方法也带来一定差异。通过使用剂量因子和电荷产额修正,减小了剂量响应的差异,同时对响应的微观物理机制进行了解释。通过有效剂量修正和电荷产额修正可以很大程度上减小不同能量的剂量响应差异,为PMOS的低能光子辐射环境应用提供了参考。     

深亚微米体硅器件电离辐射及退火与温度的相关性研究

对经过Co60不同剂量剂量率辐照的体硅MOS器件(NMOSFET与PMOSFET)分别进行了室温和高温下的退火实验,并对退火结果进行分析,讨论了退火温度对MOS器件阈值电压及辐射感生的氧化层陷阱电荷与界面态电荷产生的影响.     

总剂量辐射中偏压对功率管的影响研究

基于漂移扩散方程的理论模型,研究了总剂量辐射效应与偏压条件的关系,逐个分析了功率管中常用偏压条件对总剂量效应的影响。根据辐照过程中SiO₂内部和Si-SiO₂界面处感生的陷阱电荷的积累情况,推测出较恶劣的偏压条件。将40 V耐压的NLDMOS和5 V耐压的NMOS功率管在0.35 μm商用BCD工艺下进行了流片,并在不同偏压条件下进行了Co⁶⁰总剂量辐照实验,对总剂量辐照中的偏压效应进行了测试验证。实验结果证实功率管在开态偏压下的辐射退化更明显。     

浮栅晶体管的辐照响应及退火特性研究

对浮栅晶体管进行了⁶⁰Co-γ射线总剂量辐照试验，研究了浮栅晶体管的电离辐射响应特性，通过对晶体管在辐照后的常温和高温100℃下的退火，分析了电离辐射环境下浮栅晶体管的陷阱电荷的产生及变化过程，监测了浮栅电荷存储能力。结果表明，辐照导致浮栅晶体管中多晶硅浮动栅极存储电荷的丢失，界面处感生的陷阱电荷数量远少于氧化物陷阱电荷及浮栅中电荷丢失量，退火效应可恢复浮栅受辐射影响的存储能力。试验数据为浮栅晶体管在电离辐射环境的测试及应用提供参考。     

Ultrathin insulating silica layers prepared from adsorbed TEOS, H2O and NH3 as a catalyst

Homogeneous ultrathin silica films were deposited without need of any expensive equipment and high-temperature processes (t?200 °C). Repeated adsorption of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) multimolecular layers and their subsequent reaction with H₂O/NH₃ mixed vapours at atmospheric pressure and room temperature were used. By preparing the Al/SiO₂/N-Si MOS structure conditions were attained for electrical characterisation of the thin oxide layer by capacitance (C-V) and current (I-V) measurements. These measurements confirmed acceptable insulating properties of the oxide, the maximum breakdown field intensity being E_bd=5.4 MV/cm. The total defect charge of the MOS structure was positive, affected by a high trap density at the Si-SiO₂ interface.     

In0.53Ga0.47As(1 0 0) native oxide removal by liquid and gas phase HF/H2O chemistries

The native oxide removal, surface termination, and stoichiometry of InGaAs(1 0 0) surfaces using liquid and gas phase HF/H₂O etching were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Oxide removal in liquid phase HF stopped at the As layer, producing either elemental or H-terminated As. The surface oxidized upon air exposure, forming a 4.8 Å As₂O₃ layer on an As rich InGaAs sub-surface (17% In, 16% Ga, 66% As). A sub atmospheric gas phase HF/H₂O process (100 Torr, 29 °C, 0.5 min) completely removed As₂O₃ and produced mainly In and Ga fluorides, since As fluoride is volatile at these experimental conditions. Once enough F accumulated on the surface, the water sticking probability decreased and the etching reaction proceeded at a much lower rate. The highest oxide removal (4.2 Å residual oxide) was achieved after 5 min of etching. As₂O₃ and As₂O₅ were completely removed and considerably more InF₃ and GaF₃ were produced. The surface contained a group III-fluoride rich overlayer (34% In, 36% Ga) on a slightly As rich bulk (21% In, 21% Ga, and 58% As). The As rich InGaAs sub-surface produced with both liquid and the longer gas phase HF treatments is intrinsic to HF-InGaAs chemistry, although the oxide removal mechanism is likely different.     

Low-cost supercritical CO2/H2O2 treatment on ITO anodes of fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

A simple and cost-effective approach is proposed as an alternative to conventional oxygen plasma treatment to modify surface property of Indium tin oxide (ITO) anode of a fluorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED). This was achieved by treating the ITO anode in supercritical CO₂ (SCCO₂) fluids with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The SCCO₂/H₂O₂ treatment yielded an ITO work function of 5.35 eV after 15 min treatment at 85 °C and 4000 psi, which was significant higher than 4.8 eV of the as-cleaned ITO surface and was slightly less than 5.5 eV of the ITO surface treated by oxygen plasma. The highest work function achieved was 5.55 eV after 45 min SCCO₂/H₂O₂ treatment. The SCCO₂/H₂O₂ treatment can be used to tailor the ITO work function through changing the operation pressure of the treatment. In addition, the correlated dependence of OLED performance on the ITO anodes with and without the treatments was investigated. The maximum power efficiency of 1.94 lm/W was obtained at 17.3 mA/cm² for the device with 15 min SCCO₂/H₂O₂ treatment at 4000 psi. This power efficiency was 19.3% and 33.8% higher than those of the oxygen plasma treatment and as-clean, respectively. The improvement in device efficiency by the SCCO₂/H₂O₂ treatments can be attributed to enhanced hole injection and balance in charge carriers due to increased work function and surface energy of the ITO anodes.     

The influence of crystallinity on the resistive switching behavior of TiO2

The resistive switching characteristics of Pt/TiO₂/Al devices were investigated. Amorphous and rutile TiO₂ samples were prepared and electrically characterized. The amorphous sample was sputtered at room temperature. The rutile phase of the TiO₂ was prepared by sputtering at elevated temperatures of 500 °C. Without an electroforming process, the amorphous sample showed bipolar resistive switching in low current mode. Switchable rectifying effects have been demonstrated in this mode. After applying the electroforming process on the rutile or amorphous device both samples exhibited a bipolar switching in high current mode. Amorphous titanium oxide showed low and high current mode bipolar switching in one device.     

Water-enhanced negative bias temperature instability in p-type low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors

Water-enhanced degradation of p-type low temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors under negative bias temperature (NBT) condition is studied. H₂O penetration into gate oxide network and the role of H₂O during NBT stress are confirmed and clarified respectively. To prevent H₂O diffusion, a combination of a layer of PECVD SiO₂ and a layer of PECVD Si₃N₄ as passivation layers are investigated, revealing that 100 nm SiO₂ and 300 nm Si₃N₄ can effectively block H₂O diffusion and improve device NBT reliability.     

Effects of CH2F2 and H2 flow rates on process window for infinite etch selectivity of silicon nitride to ArF PR in dual-frequency CH2F2/H2/Ar capacitively coupled plasmas

The process window for the infinite etch selectivity of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) layers to ArF photoresist (PR) and ArF PR deformation were investigated in a CH₂F₂/H₂/Ar dual-frequency superimposed capacitive coupled plasma (DFS-CCP) by varying the process parameters, such as the low frequency power (P_LF), CH₂F₂ flow rate, and H₂ flow rate. It was found that infinitely high etch selectivities of the Si₃N₄ layers to the the ArF PR on both the blanket and patterned wafers could be obtained for certain gas flow conditions. The H₂ and CH₂F₂ flow rates were found to play a critical role in determining the process window for infinite Si₃N₄/ArF PR etch selectivity, due to the change in the degree of polymerization. The preferential chemical reaction of hydrogen with the carbon in the hydrofluorocarbon (CH_xF_y) layer and the nitrogen on the Si₃N₄ surface, leading to the formation of HCN etch by-products, results in a thinner steady-state hydrofluorocarbon layer and, in turn, in continuous Si₃N₄ etching, due to enhanced SiF₄ formation, while the hydrofluorocarbon layer is deposited on the ArF photoresist surface.     

Au/SnO2/n-Si (MOS) structures response to radiation and frequency

Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MOS) structures with insulator layer thickness of 290 Å were irradiated using a ⁶⁰Co (γ-ray) source and relationships of electrical properties of irradiated MOS structures to process-induced surface defects have been investigated both before and after γ-irradiation. The density of surface state distribution profiles of the sample Au/SnO₂/n-Si (MOS) structures obtained from high-low frequency capacitance technique in depletion and weak inversion both before and after irradiation. The measurement capacitance and conductance are corrected for series resistance. Series resistance (Rs) of MOS structures were found both as function of voltage, frequency and radiation dose. The C(f)-V and G(f)-V curves have been found to be strongly influenced by the presence of a dominant radiation-induced defects. Results indicate interface-trap formation at high dose rates (irradiations) is reduced due to positive charge build-up in the semiconductor/insulator interfacial region (due to the trapping of holes) that reduces the flow rate of subsequent holes and protons from the bulk of the insulator to the Si/SnO₂ interface. The series resistance decreases with increasing dose rate and frequency the radiation-induced flat-band voltage shift in 1 V. Results indicate the radiation-induced threshold voltage shift (ΔV_T) strongly dependence on radiation dose rate and frequency.     

Effect of H2O evolving from TEOS based SiO2 film on the EEPROM cell characteristic

In this paper, we investigate the effect of water (H₂O) molecules evolving from silicon dioxide (SiO₂) film deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) at 670 °C on the transistor characteristic of an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM) cell. Fourier Transform Infra red (FT-IR) analysis reveals that H₂O is captured during film deposition and diffused to silicon surface during high thermal processing. The diffused H₂O molecules lower threshold voltage (V_t) of cell transistor and, thus, leakage current of the cell transistor is increased. In erased cell, V_t lowering is 0.25 V in which it increases leakage current of cell transistor from 1 to 100 pA. This results in the lowering of high voltage margin of a 512 Kb EEPROM from 2.8 to 2.6 V at 85 °C.     

Effect of high-temperature H2-anneals on the slow-trapping instability of MOS structures

It is shown that the slow-trapping instability upon negative bias-temperature aging of MOS structures (poly-Si and Al-gate) can be significantly reduced by a high temperature (800–900°C) H₂-anneal prior to Al metallization. Additional data are presented on the effects of high (700–900°C) and low temperature (450°C) H₂ annealing of MOS structures containing n-(111) Si, dry HCl oxide and B-doped poly-Si. The midgap N_ss (range: 8×10¹¹ to 1.5×10¹⁰ cm^?2 eV^?1) is reduced by both high and low temperature H₂ anneals whereas the Q_ss (range: 7×10¹¹ to 1×10¹¹ cm^?2 eV^?1) is reduced mainly by the high-temperature H₂-anneals. Presence of B near the interface is believed to cause an abnormal voltage asymmetry of the slow-trapping drift, i.e. ΔV_FB(-BT) < ΔV_FB(+BT). These effects are discussed in the light of Deal's model of the structure of the Si/SiO₂ interface.