惠民凹陷古近系砂岩储层物性控制因素评价

影响惠民凹陷古近系砂岩储集层物性主要因素有沉积条件、压实、碳酸盐胶结和溶蚀作用。沉积条件对物性的影响主要表现在对原生孔隙的发育程度和对溶蚀、胶结等成岩作用的控制方面;压实作用对孔隙度的影响主要表现在埋藏早期或碳酸盐胶结程度低的阶段,埋深每增加1 000 ｍ,孔隙度降低约8%~9%;胶结作用对储集层性质影响与成岩演化阶段有关,成岩演化程度越高,胶结对物性的影响越大;溶蚀作用对储集层性质改善很大,产生的次生孔隙最大可达20%。溶蚀作用在宏观上受区域构造背景和生油洼陷平面位置控制,断层较发育和临近生油中心（临南洼陷）的南部斜坡带和中央隆起带溶蚀最发育;微观上受岩石的粒度、分选及杂基含量控制,粒度越粗、分选越好、杂基越少的砂岩溶蚀作用越强。     

临南洼陷沙三段孔隙度控制因素分析与定量模型

利用物性数据分析、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、图像分析技术等手段,探讨了临南洼陷沙三段砂岩储层孔隙度控制因素,并运用灰色关联等研究方法量化各因素的影响程度,最终建立储层孔隙度综合预测模型。结果表明,控制临南洼陷沙三段砂岩储层孔隙度的因素包括与沉积相关的粒度因素和分选因素,以及与成岩相关的压实因素、胶结因素和溶蚀因素。在限定压实条件下,孔隙随埋深的变化和岩石粒度、分选系数具相关性;粒度较粗的储集层物性相对较好,且分选性对原始物性的影响要大于粒级的影响;碳酸盐岩胶结物质体积分数大于5%时,孔隙度与碳酸盐岩体积分数呈负相关;以长石颗粒溶蚀为主的溶蚀作用具有明显的增孔效应;随着黏土矿物含量增高,孔隙度逐渐降低。运用灰色关联法量化各项地质参数对储层孔隙度的影响,进而在设定现今储层孔隙度为正常埋藏压实保存孔隙度与其他成岩作用对孔隙度贡献的叠加的前提下,建立了孔隙度综合预测的数学模型。经17组数据的验证,该预测方法的准确率可达90.5%。     

车西洼陷陡坡带沙三下亚段近岸水下扇储层成岩演化及其对储层物性影响

利用岩芯观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光及岩石物性测试等多种资料,本文对济阳坳陷车西洼陷陡坡带沙三下亚段近岸水下扇储层进行了探讨。结果表明,车西洼陷沙三下段近岸水下扇储层岩石类型宏观上主要表现为泥质杂基支撑砾岩、碎屑支撑砾岩、砾质砂岩等沉积,微观上以岩屑砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩为主,灰泥质杂基含量最高可达40%。车西洼陷沙三下段近岸水下扇储层为典型的特低孔、特低渗储层类型,其平均孔隙度和渗透率分别为3.42%、2.02×10-3μm2;但在3 500~4 000 m深度段发育异常高孔带,孔隙度可达10.2%,储集空间多为溶蚀孔和微裂缝。研究区储层经历了复杂的成岩演化过程,目前处于中成岩B期,其成岩演化序列为:压实作用/碳酸盐胶结→长石溶蚀/碳酸盐胶结物溶蚀→石英溶蚀/碳酸盐胶结/灰泥重结晶→石英加大/碳酸盐胶结溶蚀→碳酸盐胶结。不同亚相所经历的成岩演化有所差异,其中中扇辫状水道中远端及中扇前缘经历了多期溶蚀作用,储层物性相对较好,平均孔隙度分别可达4.5%,7.25%,为研究区近岸水下扇砂砾岩储层的“甜点区”。     

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷文昌组砂岩孔隙定量演化模式--以HZ-A地区辫状河三角洲储层为例

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷HZ-A地区文昌组沉积一套重要的辫状河三角洲相的砂岩储层,现今埋深超过3 500 m.基于岩石薄片、阴极发光、X衍射、扫描电镜及储层物性等资料,对HZ-A地区文昌组砂岩储层特征、成岩作用和孔隙度演化进行了详细研究,采用孔隙度参数演化的定量分析方法,建立了储层孔隙度定量演化模式.研究表明,文昌组储层岩石类型以岩屑砂岩为主,成分成熟度和结构成熟低;储集层目前正处于中成岩A2阶段,先后经历了压实、早期胶结、溶蚀作用和晚期胶结作用.强烈的机械压实及晚期胶结作用对物性破坏性最大,酸性溶蚀是改善储层物性的唯一成岩因素.储层初始孔隙度约35.1%,持续性的埋藏压实导致原生孔隙减少15.4%,早期胶结减少孔隙3.4%,之后酸性流体进入发生溶蚀增孔7.2%,晚期胶结作用损失孔隙度11.5%,其中以黏土胶结和碳酸盐胶结为主,结果形成低孔低渗储层.     

冀中坳陷霸县凹陷文安斜坡沙三段储层特征及有效储层控制因素

综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性分析等技术方法,系统分析了文安斜坡沙三段储层岩石学特征、成岩作用特征及储集特征。研究表明,文安斜坡沙三段储层岩石类型以岩屑长石砂岩为主,杂基含量低,成分成熟度和结构成熟度中等;储集空间以原生孔隙为主,占总孔隙的72.81%,储集物性较差,属中低孔-低渗特低渗储层;储层主要经历了压实作用/早期碳酸盐胶结→长石、岩屑溶解/石英次生加大/高岭石充填→石英溶解/碳酸盐胶结→黄铁矿胶结。在有效储层物性下限计算的基础上,选取孔隙度差值作为参数,系统分析了有效储层控制因素。有效储层的形成主要受沉积微相、粒度、分选、成岩作用以及地层压力控制。水下分流河道和河口坝微相中碎屑颗粒越粗,分选越好,杂基含量越少,有效储层越发育;胶结作用对储层物性的控制较明显,是影响中深层储层物性的主要因素;溶蚀作用主要表现为长石等硅酸盐矿物的溶蚀,平均增孔量3.42%;早期地层超压抑制压实作用,保护孔隙,是有效储层发育的有利因素。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘克—百地区侏罗系储集层特征及主控因素分析

利用大量岩石薄片、铸体薄片、压汞数据及岩心观察等资料,对准噶尔盆地西北缘克—百地区侏罗系储集层特征进行了系统研究。侏罗系储集层的岩石学特征为：近物源、成分成熟度低、填隙物含量少、胶结物以碳酸盐为主、富含塑性易变形岩屑、分选中—好、磨圆次棱角状、结构成熟度中—好。储集层埋深浅,成岩作用简单,孔隙类型以原生孔隙为主,受断裂影响次生溶蚀现象普遍发育。与砂岩相比,砾岩粒内溶孔发育。研究区储集层孔隙结构受控于储集层岩石学特征,可划分为分选较好粗歪度、分选较好较细歪度和分选中等细歪度3类孔隙结构。岩石粒度、压实作用和溶蚀作用是储集层物性的主要控制因素。其中,压实作用决定储集层质量。     

老君庙油田古近系M层冲积扇低渗透 储层特征及形成机理

通过薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、岩心物性及测井曲线对老君庙油田古近系M层进行了储层特征与形成机理研究, 包括沉积储层基本特征、成岩作用及孔隙演化分析等。结果表明,M层为快速堆积下的沉积物,分选差,杂基含量高,总 体属于相对细粒的冲积扇相沉积;主要储集空间为粒间孔,为中孔低渗储层;成岩作用类型主要有压实、胶结和溶解作用 等。沉积作用控制了储层的原始孔隙度,杂基含量高,分选较差的储层原始物性差,主要分布在扇根片流带片流砂坝和扇 中漫流带;相比而言,低杂基含量,分选相对较好的辫流带砂岩受到碳酸盐胶结物的影响大,胶结作用进一步降低了这类 储层物性,使储层整体物性表现为低渗透。杂基含量和碳酸盐胶结是导致储层为低渗透的主要因素。     

松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用定量研究

利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析、测井解释和粒度分析等资料,对松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用类型、成岩作用强度及其影响因素等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)压实作用是导致大安油田泉四段特低渗—超低渗储集层物性变差最主要的成岩作用。研究区储集层压实程度为中等,压实破坏程度与储集层复合砂体厚度、分选系数、泥质含量等参数具有较好的相关性。(2)胶结作用是研究区储集层物性变差的又一重要因素。区内胶结作用强度较弱,胶结作用减孔率与相对构型界面的位置、石英绝对含量、碎屑组分含量和杂基含量等因素具有明显的相关性。(3)溶蚀作用对区内储集层物性的改善程度相对较小。溶蚀作用增孔率与复合砂体厚度、杂基含量具有一定的相关性。压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储集层物性改造程度影响因素的分析结果,反映砂体的垂向叠置关系、河道厚度规模、水动力强度等沉积特征对成岩作用类型及其强度有一定的控制作用。     

松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用定量研究*

利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析、测井解释和粒度分析等资料,对松辽盆地大安油田下白垩统泉头组四段特低渗—超低渗储集层成岩作用类型、成岩作用强度及其影响因素等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)压实作用是导致大安油田泉四段特低渗—超低渗储集层物性变差最主要的成岩作用。研究区储集层压实程度为中等,压实破坏程度与储集层复合砂体厚度、分选系数、泥质含量等参数具有较好的相关性。(2)胶结作用是研究区储集层物性变差的又一重要因素。区内胶结作用强度较弱,胶结作用减孔率与相对构型界面的位置、石英绝对含量、碎屑组分含量和杂基含量等因素具有明显的相关性。(3)溶蚀作用对区内储集层物性的改善程度相对较小。溶蚀作用增孔率与复合砂体厚度、杂基含量具有一定的相关性。压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储集层物性改造程度影响因素的分析结果,反映砂体的垂向叠置关系、河道厚度规模、水动力强度等沉积特征对成岩作用类型及其强度有一定的控制作用。     

博兴洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝砂岩次生孔隙形成机制

根据砂岩铸体薄片、扫描电镜、地层压力分析,研究了博兴洼陷沙四上亚段滩坝砂岩次生孔隙的形成机制.研究表明博兴洼陷地层中的上升流为滩坝砂岩次生孔隙的形成创造了条件,硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物在CO2和有机酸作用下的溶蚀是次生孔隙形成的主要因素,黏土矿物的转化也为次生孔隙的发育做出了贡献.在构造高部位碳酸盐胶结程度较低或断层较发育的区域次生孔隙较发育,在构造高部位侧翼的厚层滩坝砂岩次生孔隙也较发育.依据次生孔隙的结构特征、胶结物的性质和产状、碎屑颗粒的性质将博兴洼陷滩坝砂岩划分为4种成岩相:其中不稳定碎屑溶蚀成岩相控制的区域次生孔隙最为发育,可成为较好的油气聚集区;碳酸盐胶结和压实-溶蚀成岩相控制的地区次生孔隙发育次之,但也可以成为油气聚集区;压实成岩相基本不具储集性能.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)