氧化铝膜的破裂行为

用声发射技术研究了Fe 2 3Cr 5Al 0 .2 1Ti合金在 110 0℃空气中氧化后的氧化膜破裂行为及离子注入1× 10 17Y /cm2 对氧化膜破裂行为的影响。实验结果表明 :随着氧化时间的增长 ,Fe 2 3Cr 5Al 0 .2 1Ti合金在冷却过程中氧化膜开始发生破裂的时间相同 ,表明氧化膜发生破裂的临界应力相同 ,但声发射累积计数增加 ,表明膜破裂程度加重。离子注入Y 后氧化膜发生破裂的时间延迟 ,表明膜发生破裂的临界应力增大 ,且声发射计数减少 ,表明膜破裂程度减小 ,氧化膜粘附性得到显著提高。     

Ta,Nb氧化膜破裂的临界应力的测量及其影响因素的研究

<正> 本工作将测量金属氧化膜应力的单面氧化弯曲法和检测氧化膜破裂的声发射技术相结合,创新性建立了金属氧化膜开裂临界应力的测量装置。首先用对照实验说明了声发射系统检测氧化膜破裂的灵敏性及所用波导的有效性,并阐明了试样表面光洁度、棱角和     

Ta氧化膜开裂的临界应力

本工作将测量金属氧化膜内应力的单面弯曲法和检测氧化膜破裂的声发射技术相结合,建立了金属氧化膜开裂临界应力的测试装置。即从声发射信号判定氧化膜第一次开裂的时间,并由相应的氧化偏转曲线求得氧化膜开裂临界立力。纯 Ta 试样的测量结果表明,在500℃、550℃、600℃1atm O_2中,Ta 氧化膜开裂的临界应力分别为:23.3、38.5、18.4×10~6kgf/m~2。不论Ta 遵循直线型还是抛物线型氧化规律,只要时间足够长,恒温氧化中膜都会破裂;且破裂的临界应力和膜的疏密程度及开裂方式有关。     

活塞杆疲劳裂纹声发射监测的实验研究

介绍声发射技术用于活塞杆疲劳裂纹的监测研究,分析声发射信号与活塞杆疲劳裂纹扩展过程的关系。通过实验结果表明,采用声发射技术可以对活塞杆疲劳裂纹进行监测,证明声发射技术在活塞杆监测上的可行性。     

离子注钇对纯镍高温氧化行为的影响研究

对纯镍及其表面离子注钇样品900℃空气中的恒温氧化和循环氧化行为进行了研究.用扫描电镜(SEM)对表面氧化膜的微观形貌进行了观测.用声发射(AE)技术对氧化膜在恒温氧化阶段和随后空冷阶段的开裂与剥落信号进行了实时监测.用激光拉曼(Raman)谱对含钇和不含钇氧化膜的内应力水平进行了测量.结果表明:离子注钇显著提高了镍的抗恒温氧化和抗循环氧化性能,其原因主要是钇降低了NiO氧化膜的生长速率、细化了氧化物晶粒,使氧化膜具有更好的高温塑性.这种细晶氧化膜可以通过蠕变的方式释放掉部分膜内压应力并形成褶皱特征,从而使氧化膜保持较低的应力水平.此外,离子注钇还减少了氧化膜/基体界面缺陷的数量及大小,因而显著改善了氧化膜在镍基体上的粘附性和保护性.     

复合材料拉伸过程的声发射特性研究

为了研究16MnR／0Cr18Ni9Ti复合材料断裂过程的声发射特性,可以利用声发射技术对16MnR／OCr18Ni9Ti复合材料试件的拉伸过程进行全程监测。研究表明,材料拉伸断裂过程中,声发射信号丰富明显,可测性良好,并且不同破坏阶段的声发射信号具有不同的特征。通过对不同拉伸阶段声发射信号的参数分析,可以了解材料不同变形阶段的声发射特性,并据此来分析材料损伤的发生、发展及演变过程。与传统的力学试验方法相比,声发射技术在研究复合材料断裂过程方面具有明显的优势。     

新型技术在炉管氧化检测中的应用

炉管作为石油化工企业中大型管式燃料加热炉的重要组成部件,不仅投资费用高,且是失效频率最高的部件,因此如何采用有效的检测技术来测试炉管的氧化程度显得尤为重要。运用磁性检测技术和声发射检测技术,针对已服役50 000h的规格为φ114mm×6.5mm(外径×壁厚)的炉管,分别对其向火面、背火面及过渡面进行磁性测试和声发射衰减测试,通过对比不同氧化程度的矫顽力大小及声信号衰减状况,来分析磁性检测技术与声发射检测技术在炉管氧化层厚度检测中的有效性。结果表明,磁性检测技术与声发射检测技术均可应用于炉管氧化程度的检测,矫顽力的大小取决于炉管的氧化程度及氧化层的附着程度,而声信号衰减梯度变化对氧化层厚度较敏感,氧化层的厚度越厚其声信号衰减梯度越大。     

声发射技术在疲劳裂纹监测中的应用

主要介绍了声发射技术在金属结构试件疲劳试验中的应用,对带孔金属铝板的疲劳裂纹萌生的声发射监测进行了研究,并且对采集到的声发射信号进行了处理与分析。声发射监测技术可以实现结构疲劳裂纹萌生的早期实时监控和扩展趋势的判断。     

稀土元素对HP40合金预氧化行为的影响

采用声发射技术原位检测稀土元素改性HP40合金经过不同氧化时间后,氧化膜在降温过程中的剥落行为。结果表明,添加稀土元素的合金经过1h预氧化后氧化膜结合强度并未得到明显提高。随着氧化时间的延长,稀土元素促进合金的内氧化,进而提高了氧化膜与基体界面结合强度。通过BSE观察发现,稀土元素促进氧化膜与基体界面内氧化产物(氧化硅)的形成。同时这种氧化硅提高了氧化膜结合强度,进而改变了氧化膜的剥落形式。     

用声发射分析方法控制热处理

本文首先简述了声发射的原理及其测量技术。接着对声发射分析方法在淬火、回火和退火等几个方面的具体应用进行了详细的评述和分析研究。马氏体形成时出现强度可测出的信号,奥氏体→铁素体(珠光体)的相转变则不能发生可测出的信号。声发射信号强度与组织形态有关,碳含量高时形成片状马氏体的声发射活性比形成板条状马氏体要强。马氏体回火时不出现可测出的信号。声发射分析对于探测退火时裂纹的发生及其扩展是一种有效的方法。与其它无损检测方比法较起来,声发射分析的特点是,它不仅可作最终检验,而且可以用少量的传感器进行连续监测,这种方法对于大型构件具有特殊重要的经济意义。     

Determination of cracking resistance of thermal spray coatings during four-point bend testing using an acoustic emission technique

An acoustic emission (AE) technique was used for the determination of the onset of cracking of thermal spray self-fluxing NiCrFeBSi coatings under tensile loading using a 4-point bend testing apparatus. These coatings were flame sprayed on 42CrMoS4 cylinders having different diameters. Two different post-treatment fusing processes, induction, and flame fusing, were used. Along with the investigations of the effect of cylinder diameters and fusing processes onto the cracking resistance of the coatings, the effect of the same two parameters on the residual stresses was also investigated. Results show that, independently of the diameter of the cylinder, the flame-fused coatings possess a higher cracking resistance than their induction-fused counterparts, i.e., that the strain to fracture is higher for the flame-fused coatings. A correlation between the strain to fracture and the residual strain in the coatings has been established. This study points out that the combination of an AE technique with a bending test apparatus shows some major benefits to obtain important information on the relative ductility of thermal spray coatings.     

Acoustic emission activity in orthotropic ceramics

The acoustic emission (AE) activity during the cooling of four compositions of aluminium titanate ceramics sintered at two temperatures is investigated. The influence of changes in the additives used on the temperature interval of cracking and AE parameters is shown. Correlation is made between the temperature of cracking, determined by AE and the critical grain size. The AE results are explained on the basis of dilatometry and fractography.     

Non-destructive evaluation of plasma sprayed functionally graded thermal barrier coatings

Acoustic emission (AE) as a non-destructive evaluation technique has recently been used in a number of studies to investigate the performance and failure behavior of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings. The mechanism of coating failure is complex, especially when considering the composite nature of the coating. In the present paper, the thermal shock tests with in situ acoustic emission are used to study the cracking behavior of plasma sprayed functionally graded thermal barrier coatings. Each thermal cycle consists of 8 min heating in the furnace at 1000°C and 8 min cooling from 1000°C to the room temperature by a compressed air jet. The AE signals are recorded during the quench stage. Three, four and five layer functionally graded coatings have been tested. The results show that the five layer functionally graded coatings appear to have the best thermal shock resistance in the specimens tested, because of the gradual changes in material properties. Higher AE energy counts and cumulative counts recorded by the tests are associated with the macro-crack initiation and growth. On the other hand, micro cracking and phase transformation only give rise to lower AE signals.     

压力容器声发射信号人工神经网络模式识别方法的研究

采用人工神经网络模式识别技术对现场压力容器各种声发射源信号特征参数进行了模式识别分析,提出了采用人工神经网络分类方法对压力容器声发射源信号进行定量分析的概念,从而找到了评价声发射源严重程度的方法,设计和培训的人工神经网络可以给出一个多种因素产生的复合声发射源中裂纹扩展、氧化夹渣断裂、残余应力释放和机械摩擦信号所占的百分比,这一结果使声发射技术对压力容器安全状态的无损评价成为可能。     

Modal analysis of acoustic emission signals from CFRP laminates

As a result of its continuous and in situ detection capabilities, the acoustic emission (AE) technique is the prime candidate for damage monitoring in loaded composite structures. None of the AE analysis techniques used in laboratory studies has, however, proven to be capable of consistently dealing with the difficulties encountered in larger structures: large amount of data, the elimination of noise sources and the influence of wave propagation effects (attenuation, dispersion). This work will use the modal acoustic emission (MAE) technique as a more intelligent and efficient way of analysing AE results. AE waveforms obtained during tensile and bending testing of CFRP laminates will be presented. It will be demonstrated how taking into account the modal nature of AE waves can in future lead to more quantitative and accurate results.     

超高强度钢37SiMnCrNiMoV应力腐蚀过程中声发射信号的研究

采用AE技术对超高强度钢37SiMnCrNiMoV在3.5%NaCl 溶液中的SCC行为进行研究.证明在裂纹的稳定扩展区内,裂纹是间歇,跳跃式的扩展.发现 腐蚀裂纹尖端的应力强度因子处于0.7KIC和0.23KIC时,平均每次声发射事件 对应的裂纹扩展量相近;应力强度因子处于035 KIC时,平均每次声发射事件对应 的裂纹扩展量较大;声发射事件的发生频率随应力水平的增加,有很大的增加.腐蚀裂纹扩 展的全过程存在两种不同的声发射信号.还证明了37SiMnCrNiMoV的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展过程 中,氢脆起着主要的作用.提出了计算腐蚀裂纹稳定扩展区内声发射事件累积数的公式.     

Evaluation of fatigue damage in reinforced concrete slab by acoustic emission

The applicability of acoustic emission (AE) technique for evaluation of fatigue damage in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs under cyclic loadings in both laboratory and as a structure in service is studied. The fundamental test performed in laboratory shows that the cracking process can be practically monitored by the measurement of AE signals. Analysis of the relationship between loading phase and AE activity indicates that the final stages of the fracture process can be evaluated by detecting AE signals generated near the minimum loading phase. Comparison of the results from the structure and that from the laboratory specimen demonstrates that AE energy can be an effective parameter for the evaluation of fatigue damage in RC slabs in service.     

Acoustic emission technique for online monitoring during cold forging of steel components: a promising approach for online crack detection in metal forming processes

The acoustic emission technique is a very promising non-destructive and online capable approach for the detection of damage events in metal forming processes. The feasibility of using this testing method for online monitoring of cold forging processes of the case hardening steel 1.7321 (20MoCr4) was experimentally proven. In this paper, exemplary upsetting tests under varying test conditions were continuously monitored to analyze the relationship between cracking and resulting AE as well as to determine ideal AE measuring parameters. Finally, the critical forming stage of an industrial cold forging process for manufacturing of drive bevel gears is examined by applying acoustic emission technique. Cracking and tool wear were detected by analyzing the distribution of the AE parameters energy, hits and amplitude over the forming process.     

低温陶瓷结合剂CBN平面磨砂轮的制备工艺研究

本文系统地研究了用低温陶瓷结合剂制作CBN平面磨砂轮的工艺过程,确定了合适的工艺参数。结果表明:选用烧制温度范围较宽(660～800℃)的低温陶瓷结合剂,可以通过调节烧结温度调整砂轮的硬度和强度,缓慢的升温和降温速度是抑制砂轮产生裂纹的有效方法;加入造孔剂既能得到满足客户需要的孔隙率,又能保证其抗折强度不低于30MPa。砂轮强度随气孔率增加而快速降低,当气孔率为18.02%时,其抗折强度为67.33MPa;当气孔率增加到37.60%时,其抗折强度降为33.09MPa;当气孔率进一步增加到47.85%时,其抗折强度下降到20.44MPa。通过合理选用工艺参数,所制备的陶瓷结合剂CBN平面磨砂轮,具有磨削效果好,生产效率高,寿命长及性价比高的综合特性。