汽车板抗凹刚度试验

针对汽车板的特点,利用IF钢DC04、含磷钢170P1、烘烤硬化钢180BH冲压成形的胀形件及某车型翼子板零件,系统分析了屈服强度、成形条件、烘烤硬化特性等对汽车板抗凹刚度的影响。研究结果表明:高的屈服强度可有效提高汽车板的抗凹刚度,试验中烘烤硬化钢180BH的抗凹刚度最大,170P1次之,DC04的抗凹刚度最小;在合理范围内,可通过增加变形量、增大压边力等工艺手段增加零件的加工硬化程度,从而增大汽车板的抗凹刚度,但零件的抗凹刚度并非随着材料的硬化程度的增加呈线性增强,若增加过量,则引起板料过度变薄,抗凹刚度反而下降;利用烘烤硬化钢板180BH的烘烤硬化特性可显著提高材料的抗凹刚度。     

高强度钢板力学性能参数对其拉深成形特性的影响

以B210P1(一种加磷高强度冷轧、无间隙原子高强度钢)、B280VK(一种碳索冷连轧、双相钢钢板)高强度钢板为研究对象,采用物理试验与数值模拟相结合的方法研究了主要力学性能参数(σ<,s>、K、n、r)对材料拉深成形性能的影响.对比物理模拟和数值模拟:对于拉伸试验所得到的材料性能参数,采用ETA/DYNAFORM软件进行数值模拟试验能有效预测材料的拉深成形性能.     

典型汽车用钢板应变速率敏感性实验

为研究应变速率对汽车钢板冲压成形性能的影响,采用单向拉伸实验,对3种不同强度级别的典型汽车用钢板进行应变速率敏感性研究。结果显示,电镀锌BSUFD+Z钢板的屈强比对应变速率的敏感性最大,其次是烘烤硬化BH220钢板,敏感性最小的是双相DP600钢板;双相DP600钢板的硬化指数具有较大的应变速率敏感性,而电镀锌BSUFD+Z钢板和烘烤硬化BH220钢板的硬化指数对应变速率的敏感性较低;3种钢板的应变速率敏感指数,电镀锌BSUFD+Z钢板最大,烘烤硬化BH220钢板次之,双相DP600钢板最小。研究结果为汽车钢板快速冲压生产工艺设计提供了参考。     

超级钢板材冲压性能的试验研究

超级钢的化学成分与普通的碳素结构钢相近,但其力学性能有大幅度的提高.将超级钢应用于国产汽车冲压件的生产中不仅可以提高汽车质量,而且可以降低汽车的成本、减小汽车重量、降低能源消耗和减少环境污染.概述了板材的冲压性能的评价指标,介绍了拉伸试验值对板材冲压性能的影响,对超级钢板材进行了拉伸试验、冷弯试验和金相组织检验,研究了超级钢板的硬化指数、塑性应变比、屈服强度、极限强度、均匀延伸率等力学性能,并分析了超级钢板的冲压成形性能,了解这些性能对超级钢冲压件的生产具有一定的指导作用.     

热镀锌DP780钢板成形性能实验研究

对实验室炼制的780 MPa级热镀锌双相钢进行成形性能研究,通过烘烤硬化实验和V形弯曲实验,研究了不同工艺参数对钢板抗凹陷性能和回弹性能的影响。通过扩孔实验深入分析了钢板塑性断裂过程中裂纹的形成与扩展机理。结果表明：小于2%的预应变量可以提高DP780钢的BH值;弯曲变形后实验钢板的回弹角随凸模圆角半径的增大而增大;DP780钢板发生塑性断裂过程中,裂纹通过孔洞相互贯通而形核,并沿着马氏体岛边缘呈“扭折”状进行扩展。     

双相钢板应变强化和烘烤硬化特性试验研究

近年,国内高强度钢板品种开发取得了快速的进步,双相钢等先进高强度钢板日趋系列化,同时强度等级也有了大幅度的提高。但是与国外先进钢厂相比,国内先进高强度钢板的推广应用步伐相对缓慢。该文针对C-Mn钢、高强度低合金钢、590MPa双相钢和780MPa双相钢的应变强化特性和烘烤硬化特性开展了深入的试验研究。研究结果表明,与C-Mn钢和HSLA钢相比,双相钢应变强化和烘烤硬化效应十分显著,有利于提高零件的使用强度。     

第二代先进高强钢TWIP钢在车身典型零件上的应用

开发兼具高强度和优良伸长率的高强度钢板,对车身轻量化和提高汽车安全性具有重要意义。深入解析了HC450/950TW钢微观组织、力学性能、成形特性,并通过有限元仿真分析和冲压试验研究了HC450/950TW减震器支座成形性。结果表明:TWIP钢的成形性能大幅优于同级别的QP钢和DP钢,HC450/950TW伸长率大于50%,n值超过0.48。减震器支座应用HC450/950TW成形后,拉延成形深度达到150 mm,零件无开裂、起皱缺陷,成形性良好,并可实现减重2.4 kg,轻量化效果显著。TWIP钢适用于对拉延和胀性要求很高的车身结构零件。     

高强度钢板的研究与应用

系统地分析了当今汽车车身主要使用的高强度钢板的类型以及不同高强板在冷冲压成形、烘烤硬化、抗凹性、焊接、疲劳强度、抗腐蚀和外观质量等方面的差异,并对今后汽车用高强板的发展趋势做了前瞻性的论述,对高强板的选用具有一定的指导作用。     

双相钢板成形性能试验研究

通过高强度低合金钢(HSLA)、双相钢(DP)、相变诱导塑性钢(TRIP)材料特性和成形性能的对比研究,深入分析了DP钢板的力学性能、成形极限和扩孔性能.结果表明,与传统HSLA钢板相比,DP钢初始n值较高,有利于变形过程的应变均化和成形性能的提高.TRIP钢高n值的特性使钢板成形过程的应变分布更均匀,从而具有较高的成形极限.在屈服强度相近的条件下,DP钢板和TRIP钢板的扩孔性能均低于HSLA钢板.     

汽车用IF钢DC04成形极限及拉延成形分析

研究了汽车用冷轧IF钢DC04的组织和性能,并通过材料成形极限图对材料在冲压成形中出现的失效进行了分析。利用DC04钢成形极限图对深冲拉延过程中的起皱、隐裂、开裂等问题进行了分析。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.