水热法制备正交结构层状LiMnO2正极材料的研究进展

层状LiMnO2正极材料的理论容量几乎为尖晶石型锰酸锂（LiMn2O4）的2倍,研究和应用前景广阔.作者较详细的介绍了近年来国内外有关水热法制备层状LiMnO2正极材料的研究工作,评述了由不同锰源制备层状LiMnO2正极材料所存在的优缺点,对今后水热法制备层状LiMnO2正极材料的研究及发展前景进行了展望.     

锂离子电池用层状LiMnO2基正极材料的研究进展

层状LiMnO2材料因其结构不稳定、循环性能差,因而需对其进行掺杂改性.层状锰系衍生物具有比容量高、循环性能稳定等优点,已成为锂离子电池新的发展方向.介绍了目前对LiMnO2的掺杂改性研究,对多元层状锰基固溶体正极材料作了重点阐述.总结了近年来关于多元层状锰基正极材料的研究发展,介绍了其晶体结构、电化学性能、合成与制备技术,以及进一步的改性研究.如果多元层状固溶体材料的高倍率放电性能得到进一步的提高,则其必将成为新的一代锂离子电池正极的首选材料.     

锂离子电池层状正极材料的研究进展

文章主要综述当前锂离子电池层状正极材料—LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO2的研究进展。阐述了三种层状盐结构正极材料的优缺点,对LiCoO2和LiNiO2正极材料的改性方法:掺杂和包覆处理。通过改性,层状正极材料的结构和性能均有较大改善,为锂离子电池更为广泛的工业应用指明道路。对锂离子电池正极材料未来的应用前景做了一些展望。     

锂离子电池用Na-Mn-O材料的合成及应用

Na-Mn-O材料可作为离子交换法制备层状LiMnO2的前体,同时也可以直接作为锂离子电池的正极材料,被认为是锂二次电池研究中很有前景的新型材料。本文重点介绍了Na-Mn-O材料的晶体结构、制备方法,以及以该材料为前体,通过离子交换法合成的LixMnO2正极材料的结构与电化学性能。同时讨论了Na-Mn-O材料在锂二次电池、钠离子电池以及其它一些方面的应用,分析了Na-Mn-O材料作为未来锂二次电池正极材料的发展趋势。     

两种不同结构锰酸锂电化学性能对比

比较了层状锰酸锂（LiMnO2）和尖晶石型锰酸锂（LiMn2O4）在电池容量发挥、首次效率、高温存储及循环性能等方面的差异。结果表明：层状锰酸锂具有较高的容量发挥,但其高温存储性能不如尖晶石型锰酸锂;在高温（55 ℃）循环性能方面,由于高温条件下锰的溶解,导致两种结构锰酸锂电池的高温循环性能均很差,0.5C循环 400次后容量保持率低于80%;在常温循环性能方面,尖晶石型锰酸锂具有较好的容量保持率。因此,在动力电池应用方面,尖晶石型锰酸锂相对于层状锰酸锂更具有优势。     

水热合成法制备锂离子筛工艺参数的研究

采用水热合成法,以自制的碱式氧化锰和氢氧化锂为原料制备LiMnO2,经高温焙烧后制备富锂锂锰氧化物Li1.6Mn1.6O4,再经酸洗得到了锂离子筛。讨论了锂离子筛制备过程中涉及到的水热合成LiMnO2的锂锰比、反应温度、反应时间、焙烧温度和升温速率等工艺参数,研究了其对锂离子筛吸附锂性能的影响,筛选了适宜的合成条件。结果表明,当锂锰比为3.0、反应温度100℃、反应时间24h、焙烧温度400℃和升温速率10℃/min时得到的Li1.6Mn1.6O4,其酸洗产物-锂离子筛在锂离子浓度10mg/L的LiCl水溶液中前3h吸附速率很快,锂吸附量达到27mg/g,经过24h后达到吸附平衡,吸附量为34mg/g左右。     

Li—Mn—O体系锂离子电池正极材料的结构与性能

总结了当前对Li-Mn-O体系各种锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4、LiMnO2、Li4Mn5O9和Li4Mn5O12,在全成和充放电过程中的结构特征和结构变化过程，以及材料的结构和结构的变化对电化学性能的影响。     

聚合物-无机层状氧化物纳米复合材料的研究进展

本文以MoO3、V2 O5等无机层状氧化物为研究基础 ,评述了聚合物—无机层状氧化物纳米复合材料的制备方法 ,分析了其结构特征 ,研究表明这类纳米复合材料仍为层状结构 ,且层间距增大 ;同时分析了其性能特征及其在电致变电材料和阴极材料中的主要应用 ,并指出目前该研究领域的前沿问题 ,最后展望了这类复合材料的发展前景。     

钠离子电池层状过渡金属氧化物正极材料的研究进展

层状过渡金属氧化物是目前最具潜力的钠离子电池正极材料之一，因其理论容量较高且易于合成受到了广泛关注。旨在综述钠离子电池层状过渡金属氧化物正极材料的研究进展。首先简要概述了层状过渡金属氧化物材料的结构特点及目前存在的不足，介绍了P2相和O3相层状过渡金属氧化物的钠离子配位构型及传输路径；此外，针对充放电过程中存在不可逆相变、空气敏感性高、电化学性能有待提高等问题，从组分调控、结构设计及表面包覆三类改性方法入手，总结了P2、O3相层状过渡金属氧化物近几年的改性研究成果；最后，对钠离子电池层状过渡金属氧化物正极材料的产业化发展前景及潜在研究方向进行了展望。     

层状硅酸盐黏土/硅橡胶纳米复合材料的研究进展

层状硅酸盐黏土因其独特的纳米层状结构在改性硅橡胶高分子材料性能上具有明显的理论优势,其资源丰富、成本低和绿色无污染等特点在实际应用中受到广泛关注。本文综述了近年来层状硅酸盐黏土包括2∶1型结构如蒙脱石、凹凸棒石和1∶1型结构如高岭石、埃洛石等在改性硅橡胶高分子材料机理和性能方面的国内外最新研究进展,指出目前研究的重点主要集中在硅橡胶性能提高方面,如何使层状硅酸盐黏土粒子在硅橡胶基体中达到最佳纳米分散状态,从而获得性能优异的纳米复合材料是研究的难点。同时,展望了层状硅酸盐黏土/硅橡胶纳米复合材料的发展前景,旨在为层状硅酸盐黏土改性和高性能硅橡胶纳米复合材料的研究提供借鉴。     

过渡金属-取代钨硅杂多阴离子层状材料催化剂催化乙酸正丁酯的合成

用离子交换法将具有Keggin结构的K8[SiW11MO40]（M=Co^2＋，Cu^2＋，Ni^2＋）嵌入到Zn2Al黏土中，得到层状化合物Zn2Al-SiW11M（M=Co^2＋，Cu^2＋,Ni^2＋），并用XRD，IR，UV对其进行了表征。结果表明：杂多阴离子进入黏土后，仍保留了其Keggin结构。利用层状化合物催化合成乙酸正丁酯，考察其催化活性。结果表明：层状化合物在酯化反应中显示出优良的催化性能。     

二维层状二硫化钼复合材料的研究进展及发展趋势

二维层状二硫化钼因其独特的结构已经成为二维结构材料领域中新兴的研究热点。它拥有特殊的可调节带隙及优异的光电性能。综述了二维层状二硫化钼的制备方法和优异性能；作为其发展的一个重要方向，对二维层状二硫化钼复合材料的最新研究进行了综述并探讨了复合材料性能提升的机制。提出了对二维层状二硫化钼复合材料相关研究的建议和展望。     

TEA协助层状LZH到ZnO纳米材料控制生长机制研究

三乙醇胺(TEA)协助下类水滑石氢氧化物碱式硝酸锌(LZH)结构到二维层状氧化锌纳米片(ZnO)转变及其性能研究相对较少。以Zn(NO3)2为锌源,借助于三乙醇胺/水体系,研究制备LZH和二维氧化锌纳米片工艺条件及影响合成层状LZH和氧化锌纳米材料的各种因素。利用X-射线粉末衍射(PXRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、荧光光谱(PL)等技术手段对其进行解析和表征,探讨层状碱式硝酸锌和氧化锌纳米材料之间的转变机制。结果表明:在研究范围内,温度和反应时间的改变不会影响产物的组成和结构,TEA用量直接影响到合成的目标产物。首先生成Zn(OH)2,其次转化为Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2·2H2O,过渡生成[Zn5(OH)10-x·2H2O]x+,最终自组装形成层状ZnO二维纳米材料,从而实现无需焙烧,通过控制TEA用量制备ZnO二维纳米材料的方法。     

酸化对层状K2La2Ti3O10光催化活性的影响

本文通过高温固相反应合成了一种层状金属氧化物K2La2Ti3O10，利用离子交换反应对其在不同条件下进行酸化。并通过对甲基橙溶液的降解对其光催化活性进行评价，结果发现，酸化后K2La2Ti3O10的光催化活性有显著提高、通过对样品的结构、XRD、DRS分析，对这种现象做出了几种可能的解释。     

Numerical simulation and experimental study on dissolving characteristics of layered salt rocks

Underground salt cavern reservoirs are ideal spaces for energy storage. China is rich in salt rock resources with layered lacustrine sedimentary structures. However, the dissolution mechanism of layered salt rocks remains poorly understood, resulting in significant differences between the actual measurements and the designed indices for the layered salt rock water-soluble cavity-making cycle and the cavity shape. In this work, the dissolution rates of 600 groups of layered salt rocks in China under different conditions were determined experimentally.Thus, the established artificial neural network prediction model was used to assess the effects of the contents of NaCl, Na_2 SO_4, and CaSO_4 in the salt rocks, concentrations, dissolution angles, and flow rates on their dissolution rates by performing ANOVA and F-test. The results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the dissolution rate of layered salt rocks under different conditions and for the numerical simulation of the layered salt rock water-soluble cavity-making process.     

Highly Efficient Overall Water Splitting Through Optimization of Preparation and Operation Conditions of Layered Perovskite Photocatalysts

The layered perovskite materials were found to give the high photocatalytic activity in water splitting reaction under UV irradiation, where the electronic structure of perovskite slab constructing the layered structure (the total cation valency) was the most crucial factor to the high photocatalytic activity. Both the excessive cation valency and the layered structure were required for active photocatalysts, while the slab thickness of layered perovskites had an insignificant effect on water-splitting activity. In order to identify key variables that affected photocatalytic activity and to optimize the performance of (110) layered perovskite, La₂Ti₂O₇ was modified by various methods. The optimum amount of loaded nickel had a great effect and the amount depended on the surface area of the perovskite phase. When an alkaline-earth element such as Ba, Sr, and Ca was doped on La₂Ti₂O₇, the photocatalytic activity was enhanced markedly. Introduction of an alkaline hydroxide into the reaction system as an external additive enhanced the activity further showing extremely high quantum yields close to 50%.     

Multifunctional MXene/CNT-based layered film for icing detection,anti-icing,and deicing application

Icing phenomenon usually happens in our daily life, especially in the cold winter or in high altitude areas, which makes us feel inconvenient and greatly threats some fields such as civil aviation or the manufacturing industry. In this study, a multifunctional film with properties of icing detection, anti-icing and deicing was fabricated. One-dimensional material carbon nanotube (CNT) and two-dimensional material Ti₃C₂T_x MXene were combined by two-step vacuum filtration. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the flexible hydrophobic materials was then used to encapsulate layered film. Additionally, PDMS curing process on the sandpaper could make the surface of MXene/CNT layered film possess micro-structures. The low surface energy material PDMS and rough surface structures endow MXene/CNT layered film with good water-repellency. Compared with pure PDMS film (103°), the contact angle of MXene/CNT layered film surface reaches 128°. The result exhibits that a waterdrop(100uL) on the layered film surface takes 1425s to be frozen, which takes longer time than glass and pure PDMS. Additionally, excellent sensibility of the layered film could be used to detect icing phenomenon. The result manifests that gauge factor (GF) of MXene/CNT film reaches 15051 so that different icing stages could be identified by layered film clearly. MXene/CNT layered film possesses good electric heating and photo-thermal properties. The result shows that surface temperature can reach 89 °C with the 2.5 V voltage supply, and temperature reaches 95 °C through the radiation of near-infrared lamp as well. The dual-driven heating of MXene/CNT layered film shows the ability of deicing. 1000 mg ice just takes 223s to be melted entirely by 2.5 V input voltage, and 269s by radiation of 200 mW/cm², respectively. The multifunctional MXene/CNT based layered film prepared by a simple fabrication method that integrates hydrophobicity, dual-driven heating, and sensibility together, which shows potential application in icing detection, anti-icing, and deicing.