栽培环境对互叶白千层油旋光方向变化的影响初报

通常在20-25℃条件下检测澳大利亚或引进我国南方种植1～6年生互叶白千层树所产的原油，其旋光度为＋5°～15°（右旋），但在国内南方经引种栽培6～9年后发现原来为正值（右旋）的旋光度有的会降低进而出现负值（左旋）。这种变化对原油的主要组份含量没发现影响，而对油的物理性状如芳香味有一定影响。这种变化经初步分析研究表明很可能是由于原产澳犬利亚的互叶白千层树引进中国南方种植多年后受栽培环境的改变而产生的。     

茶树油的性质、应用及市场发展

茶树油，又名澳大利亚黄金，是澳洲土著传说中著名的神奇肌肤治疗用品。植物学上定义为互叶白千层油，因其主要来源于桃金娘科白千层树的数种植物，是用互叶白千层树的新鲜枝叶经水蒸汽蒸馏而得到的精油。     

四个澳大利亚互叶白千层新品系的引种试栽试验初报

引种栽培试验初步显示,从澳大利亚引进的287-04-02、42-04两个互叶白千层新品系在广东境内北回归线附近种植后第一年均表现出较好的适应性和丰产性,所提原油中的主要功能指标组分松油烯4-醇含量超过目前国际商业化产品的工业和化妆品级别质量标准.     

互叶白千层的种植和加工研究进展

互叶白千层是一种经济价值很高的经济作物,随着研究工作的不断深入,已经在很多行业中得到了应用。本研究介绍了互叶白千层的种植技术、提取技术及成分分析方法、药理活性和应用等研究工作,同时展望了互叶白千层的应用前景,为从事互叶白千层研究的工作者提供参考。     

白千层油质量标准的变化和发展

介绍了白千层油国际标准、国内地方标准、行业标准以及国家标准的各项指标的变化和发展,并根据我国的生产实践,提出了制订和修订白千层芳香油质量标准的建议。     

万家辉柔枝互叶白千层生长量及其挥发油含量动态研究

通过跟踪测定万家辉柔枝互叶白千层定植后1年生长周期内植物生长量、挥发油得油率以及主成分含量等指标,研究其生长发育规律及主要功能成分的含量变化情况,为万家辉柔枝互叶白千层的优质高产种植以及茶树油生产提供科学依据。     

互叶白千层花、果与叶挥发油成分的对比分析

以水蒸气蒸馏法提取互叶白千层花、果、叶三个不同部位的挥发油,采用气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法分别鉴定了花、果和叶中挥发油的化学成分,并比较互叶白千层不同部位挥发油的主要化学成分及含量差异。分析结果可为互叶白千层花、果研究提供试验依据。     

互叶白千层挥发油气相指纹图谱的化学模式识别研究

以28批互叶白千层精油为研究对象,利用气相色谱法建立互叶白千层挥发油的指纹图谱,对其主要色谱峰进行归属,抽取并确定了9个色谱峰为共有特征峰,同时运用计算机辅助相似性评价、聚类分析及判别分析对其进行模式识别研究。三种方法得到的分类结果一致,相辅相成,可为评价互叶白千层挥发油以及对植物的质量评价和分类提供科学依据。     

广东互叶白千层茶树油产品主要成分的质量标准研究初报

本文概括了“互叶白千层”茶油树近年来在广东省引进开发，蒸馏加工 的概况，对广东产茶树油主要成分的含量，抑抗菌功能作了分析，在对比国内外茶树油生产现状和质量标准的基础上，提出了广东茶树油的质量标准的建议，供茶树油产品在广东生产、开发及加工销售参考。     

互叶白千层的研究与应用

茶树油是大众熟知的一种纯天然植物精油,然而其来源植物互叶白千层则较少为人所知。本文根据近年来互叶白千层植物的研究现状,对其化学成分、药理作用研究和开发利用作一综述。     

油标对红外光度法测定水中油的影响

油标准物质的选择是红外分光光度法测定水中油的重要环节,选择了两种不同的油标,采用红外分光光度法对水中油进行了分析,结果表明,油标不同,测量结果不同。理想的油标是从待测水样中提取,这样的油标的组成才能与被测水样中油的组分相同,红外光谱图基本相同,测定结果才准确可靠。     

Ethanol extraction of oil,gossypol and aflatoxin from cottonseed

Commercial processing of cottonseed requires hexane to extract and recover edible oil. Gossypol and aflatoxin are not removed from extracted meals. A bench-top extraction process with 95% (vol/vol) aqueous ethanol (EtOH) solvent has been developed that extracts all three of the above materials with a much less volatile solvent. In this process, cottonseed is pretreated and extracted with ambient 95% EtOH to remove gossypol and then extracted with hot 95% EtOH to extract oil and aflatoxin. Membranes and adsorption columns are used to purify the various extract streams, so that they can be recycled directly. A representative extracted meal contained a total gossypol content of 0.47% (a 70% reduction) and 3 ppb aflatoxin (a 95% reduction). Residual oil content was approximately 2%. Although the process is technically feasible, it is presently not economical unless a mill has a continual, serious aflatoxin contamination problem. However, if a plant cannot meet the hexane emission standards under the Clean Air Act of 1990, this process could provide a safer solvent that may expand the use and increase the value of cottonseed meal as a feed for nonruminants. Presented in part at the AOCS annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, May 1992.     

Hexane and heptane as extraction solvents for cottonseed: A laboratory-scale study

For many years, commercial-grade hexane has been the preferred solvent for extracting oil from cottonseed. Recent environmental and health concerns about hexane may limit the use of this solvent; therefore, the need for a replacement solvent has become an important issue. Heptane is similar to hexane, but does not have the environmental and health concerns associated with the latter. On a laboratory scale, delinted, dehulled, ground cottonseed was extracted with hexane and heptane. The solvent-to-meal ratio was 10:1 (vol/wt). The yield and quality of the oil and meal extracted by heptane were similar to that extracted by hexane. Extraction temperature was higher for heptane than for hexane. A higher temperature and a longer time were required to desolventize miscella from the heptane extraction than from the hexane extraction. Based on these studies, heptane offers a potential alternative to hexane for extracting oil from cottonseed.     

Effect of Enzyme Pre-treatments on Bioactive Compounds in Extracted Tiger Nut Oil and Sugars in Residual Meals

Tiger nut oil is a novel oil that requires more research data on its characteristics. In this study, the oil was extracted using both enzyme‐aided pressing (EAP) and aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) methods. Using enzymes as a pre‐treatment prior to mechanical pressing increased the concentration of some phenolic acids and tocopherols present in extracted oils compared to controls. High pressure processing as a pre‐treatment before aqueous enzymatic extraction also enhanced tocopherols and total polyphenolic content in oils. The percentage free fatty acid and peroxide values indicated that under the initial extraction parameters, the oils were stable and they all met the standards for virgin olive oil set by the International Olive Oil Council. Residual meals from both extraction processes contained low protein contents ranging from 2.4 to 4.6 %. Additionally, EAP and AEE meals contained low DP (degree of polymerisation) sugars that appeared as 1‐kestose (DP3) and nystose (DP4). EAP had the highest total DP3 and DP4 sugar content of 82.5 mg/g. These sugars would need further assessment to verify their identity and determine their suitability as a potential food.     

Rice brain oil. I. Oil obtained by solvent extraction

1. Freshly milled rice bran has been extracted with commercial hexane and the recovered oil and extracted meal examined for their respective content of wax. The oils were refined and bleached by standards as well as several special methods. The crude, caustic soda refined, and several refined and bleached oils were examined spectrophotometrically.
2. When freshly milled rice bran of good quality is extracted with commercial hexane, an oil of relatively low free fatty acid content is obtained. This oil possesses good color and is as stable as other similar types of crude oils.
3. If the oils is extracted from the brain at a temperature below about 10°C. and the extraction is discontinued at the right time, the extracted oil represents 90–95% of the total lipids in the brain and contains very little wax. This wax, which is readily extracted with hot commercial hexane as well as other types of solvents, amounts to about 3–9% of the total extractable lipids.
4. When subjected to ordinary caustic soda refining methods, good rice brain oils behave much like cottonseed oils of comparable free fatty acid content. Both caustic soda refining in a hydrocarbon solvent and refining with sodium carbonate result in refining losses approximating the absolute or Wesson loss.
5. Some of the refined oils when bleached according to usual practice produce products acceptable for use in the edible trade. However, refined rice bran oil has a definitely greenish cast resulting from the presence of chlorophyll, but this color can be removed by bleaching with a small amount of activated acidic clay.

     

A new colorimetric method for estimation of argemone oil

Argemone oil is toxic even in low concentrations for human consumption. The author suggests a new colorimetric method in which an orange color is developed when antimony trichloride solution is added to the extracted alkaloid. The developed color is measured in a colorimeter and compared against known standards of the alkaloid. The alkaloid content of argemone oil has been found to be about 1.0%. This method determines an admixture of argemone oil as low as 0.005% in other edible oils.     

Improving Jatropha curcas Linnaeus oil alkyd drying properties

The Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (JCL) oil was extracted, refined and modified through epoxidation, hydroxylation and dehydration steps in order to increase the degree of unsaturation in the oil alkyl chain. The modified oil was subsequently used for alkyd resin preparation (50% oil formulation) using a two-stage alcoholysis-polyesterification method. Drying performances of white gloss paints formulated from the desaturated oil alkyd, considering a pigment-volume concentration of 20.67% gave improved results. Blending of the improved 50% JCL oil alkyd with acrylic further enhanced the drying properties and compare well with commercial standards. White gloss paint formulated from the improved JCL alkyd–acrylic blends (1:3) dried hard within 2 h at an outdoor temperature of 37 °C ± 2.     

甘谷驿油区延长组长6储层“四性”关系研究

通过对延长油田甘谷驿油区岩心、录井、测井和试油等资料的研究分析,明确了该区储层的岩性、物性、含油性和电性特征及其相互关系,并建立了储层参数的测井解释模型和响应方程,得出了该区的油水层电性识别标准和有效厚度下限标准,从而为甘谷驿油区进一步开发评价和增储、增产提供了有力依据。