基于LabVIEW的力觉检测系统

研究了手术过程中穿刺针与生物组织的相互作用力,对穿刺力进行了建模,搭建了生物软组织的力觉检测系统,检测系统由软、硬件2部分组成.其中,硬件平台采用了德国生产的高精度位移平台为穿刺针提供动力,利用压阻式力传感器进行力信号检测,并通过数据采集卡实时收集力信号.软件平台利用LabVIEW编程控制电机的运动和数据采集.利用平台进行了针穿刺实验,并利用MATLAB对实验数据进行了处理和分析,得出了穿刺力—位移曲线及其与影响因素的关系.     

一种新型机器人三维力柔性触觉传感器的设计

基于柔性力敏导电橡胶材料,设计了一种能测量三维力的新型机器人柔性触觉传感器。研究了力敏导电橡胶材料的压阻效应,阐述了触觉传感器的设计思想,分别进行了触觉传感器单元设计和阵列结构设计和研究。获得了计算三维力的数学模型,并通过实验进行了三维力的验证。结果表明,设计的机器人三维力柔性触觉传感器具有设计简单,造价低廉,柔顺性好等优点,而且布置成阵列结构可用于医疗、体育、机器人等领域中检测三维力信息。     

一种新型三维力柔性阵列触觉传感器研究

研究了一种基于压敏导电橡胶的新型三维力柔性阵列触觉传感器,突破了目前触觉传感器不能兼有柔韧性和检测三维力的局限性,实现了真正类皮肤.该传感器利用了压敏橡胶的压敏特性,通过检测橡胶的电阻变化来分析受力信息.介绍了该传感器的基本结构,分析了其工作原理,给出了导电橡胶受力时的有限元分析结果,并对传感器进行了初步的仿真研究,结果表明该传感器能够实现检测三维力信息,为三维力柔性阵列触觉传感器的设计研究提供了新思路.     

压阻阵列触滑觉复合传感器

本文介绍了一种压阻式16×16点阵,间距为1mm的触觉传感器的结构、设计及制作方法, 对传感器采样电路的工作原理也作出了较详细的阐述．文中还简单介绍了阵列触觉图像处理 的方法和如何通过触觉图像的动态变化得到滑动信息,最后给出了传感器的实验结果和结论 ．     

用于机器人皮肤的柔性多功能触觉传感器设计与实验

为实现智能机器人皮肤对三维力和温度的检测,设计并制作了一种柔性多功能触觉传感器.基于碳黑-硅橡胶显著的压阻效应设计了四电极对称结构的三维力传感器,基于碳纤维-PDMS(聚二甲硅氧烷)显著的温度敏感效应设计了叉指电极结构的温度传感器,分析了检测三维力和温度的工作原理.针对两种导电复合材料存在的力学/温度敏感特性交叉干扰问...     

基于传感器技术的情绪采集与电子音乐交互实现

为提高电子音乐的交互性能,提出一种基于压阻式阵列触觉传感器的电子音乐交互方法。该方法通过压阻式阵列触觉传感器主动采集用户触碰信息,并建立触碰压力和不同情绪相对应的数据集;然后通过ELM-ELLA算法对用户情绪进行识别分析;最后在赋予各类歌单情绪标签基础上,通过构建情绪和对应歌单的播放策略,实现电子音乐交互。结果表明,ELM-ELLA算法可利用采集的用户触碰信息分析出用户情绪,且具有持续学习能力,随着算法执行的情绪分析任务的增加,其情绪分析能力也稳步提升;基于传感器技术的电子音乐交互模型输出的音乐,可调节多数人的情绪,基本实现电子音乐交互需求,可提升机器人的个性化服务能力。     

一种新型机器人仿生皮肤的设计

针对现有的大多数机器人触觉传感器矩阵结构复杂、不适合大面积使用等缺点,提出一种新型机器人仿生皮肤触觉传感器的设计.该仿生皮肤由导电纤维网络、绝缘格点、硅橡胶绝缘层及6条引出线等组成,根据电阻分压原理获取外力作用位置信息,根据电容变化原理间接测量外力的大小,无需额外的力检测元件.实验结果表明,本触觉传感器具备力与位置测量功能,同时能够降低矩阵网络布线复杂度,可作为机器人全身服装使用.     

柔性触觉传感器主要技术

结合理论分析和文献报道对现有柔性触觉传感器的主要技术进行了归纳总结,主要包括微机电系统(MEMS)的压阻原理,通过惠斯顿电桥将力转换成电量的基本原理,基于新型材料聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)的压电特性,电介质的力学性质与电学性质的耦合作用,以及基于导电橡胶的柔性触觉传感器导电机理和压阻效应。概述了3种主要技术物理特性,总结了3种主要技术应用在柔性触觉传感器上的优缺点和在各个领域上的实际应用,提出了触觉传感器一些有待解决的问题和研究方向。     

石墨烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷三维非织造结构压阻柔性压力传感器

压阻式压力传感器是可穿戴器件中的关键元件。由于优异的弹性性能,本文以三维聚酯非织造布作为基材,还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)作为活性材料,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为柔性材料,组装三维(3D)压阻式压力传感器。该传感器具有良好的感应特性,包括短响应时间(120ms)和微弱的迟滞性(6.8%)。此外,该压力传感器可以用于检测人体的关节以及喉咙的运动情况。因此,该压阻传感器成本低、灵敏度高、耐久性优良,可以作为穿戴智能设备的理想的三维压阻式压力传感器。     

基于SOI压阻式噪声传感器的声学动态特性分析与设计

针对绝缘体上硅(SOI)压阻式噪声传感器的动态测量问题,利用声学特性分析基础进行声学结构设计,以保证噪声传感器的频响特性.设计了一种SOI感声膜芯片及与声腔结构构成的声敏感结构,通过调整结构参数可达到调整声腔的频率特性的目的.测试结果表明:噪声传感器具有良好的动态检测特性.     

中国微米纳米-基于混合频率激励的新型公共电极式电容触觉传感阵列设计

本文设计了一种基于混合频率激励的三自由度柔性电容触觉传感阵列。每个传感单元中由传感电极层上的四片传感电极和公共电极层上的一片公共电极构成四个电容传感子单元,当四个电容传感子单元按正方形排列时,所测得的接触力将被分解为一组正向压力和两组剪切力分量。信号采样采用混合频率激励的方法替代单频激励,四片传感电极分为激励端和输出端,激励端加载频率分别为f1和f2的两组电压信号Ui1和Ui2,输出端的两组信号通过带通滤波器可提取四组谐波分量,从而实现四个电容传感子单元的电容量测量。该方法简化了信号采样机构,有效实现多维触觉信息的同步检测与分离。每个传感单元在z轴方向的正向压力测试灵敏度为0.17%/mN,x-y轴方向的灵敏度为0.43%/mN。结果表明该触觉传感阵列是一种有价值的可实现低成本触觉传感的新型测量装置。     

Fabrication and performance assessment of a novel stress sensor applied for micro-robotics

An innovative tactile sensor is analyzed and verified by intensive experiments. By using micro-cantilever beams, on which the strain gauge layers (Pt/Ti) are deposited, the corresponding induced strains can be detected and converted into electric resistance change, with respect to either applied normal stress or shear stress. The four micro-cantilever beams are allocated in the fashion such that any adjacent beams are perpendicular to each other to decouple any potential measure discrepancy due to non-ideal orthogonality. In addition, the micro-cantilever beams are curled before hands so that they can concurrently detect normal stress and shear stress. To be protected from being damaged by strong stress, the curled cantilever beams are covered up by elastomer material. Therefore, the micro-tactile sensor can detect normal stress up to 250 kPa and shear stress up to 35 kPa. Besides, since the elastomer is made of PDMS, which is of high bio-compatibility, the tactile sensor can be used to directly contact with human body. By taking the design and fabrication parameters into account, the curled micro-cantilever beams, which is of multi-layer structure by polymer/Pt/Ti/Si, can be produced with high yield rate. Finally, the efficacy of the tactile sensor is verified by experiments via a micro-manipulator, a high-resolution microscope and a force sensor for calibration.     

Design and fabrication of a flexible three-axial tactile sensor array based on polyimide micromachining

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a flexible three-axial tactile sensor array using advanced polyimide micromachining technologies. The tactile sensor array is comprised of sixteen micro force sensors and it measures 13 mm × 18 mm. Each micro force sensor has a square membrane and four strain gauges, and its force capacity is 0.6 N in the three-axial directions. The optimal positions of the strain gauges are determined by the strain distribution obtained form finite element analysis (FEA). The normal and shear forces are detected by combining responses from four thin-film metal strain gauges embedded in a polyimide membrane. In order to acquire force signals from individual micro force sensors, we fabricated a PCB based on a multiplexer, operational amplifier and microprocessor with CAN network function. The sensor array is tested from the evaluation system with a three-component load cell. The developed sensor array can be applied in robots’ fingertips, as well as to other electronic applications with three-axial force measurement and flexibility keyword requirements.     

A Polymer-Based Flexible Tactile Sensor for Both Normal and Shear Load Detections and Its Application for Robotics

This paper proposes and demonstrates a novel flexible tactile sensor for both normal and shear load detections. For the realization of the sensor, polyimide and polydimethylsiloxane are used as a substrate, which makes it flexible. Thin metal strain gauges, which are incorporated into the polymer, are used for measuring normal and shear loads. The salient feature of this tactile sensor is that it has no diaphragm-like structures. The unit tactile cell characteristics are evaluated against normal and shear loads. The fabricated tactile sensor can measure normal loads of up to 4 N, and the sensor output signals are saturated against loads of more than 4 N. Shear loads can be detected by different voltage drops in strain gauges. The device has no fragile structures; therefore, it can be used as a ground reaction force (GRF) sensor for balance control in humanoid robots. Four tactile unit sensors are assembled and placed in the four corners of the robots sole. By increasing bump dimensions, the tactile unit sensor can measure loads of up to 2 kgf. When loads are exerted on the sole, the GRF can be measured by these four sensors. The measured forces can be used in the balance control of biped locomotion systems.     

Development of a flexible three-axial tactile sensor array for a robotic finger

In this paper, we propose a flexible three-axial tactile sensor array for measuring both normal and shear loads. The sensor array has 16 tactile sensor units based on piezoresistive strain gauge. It is constructed on a Kapton polyimide film using advanced polymer micromachining technologies. Thin metal strain gauges are embedded in polyimide to measure normal and shear loads, which are tested by applying forces from 0 to 1?N. The developed sensor unit had a hysteresis error of about 9% and repeatability error of about 1.31%. The sensor showed a good resulting image when pressed by a circle-shaped object with 10?N loads. The proposed flexible three-axial tactile sensor array can be applied in a curved or compliant surface that requires slip detection and flexibility, such as a robotic finger.     

三维柔性触觉/热觉传感器设计与仿真

针对目前触觉传感器研究中不能兼有柔韧性、多维力测量和热觉与触觉信号混杂等难题,设计了一种柔性多功能触觉/热觉传感器。介绍了该传感器的基本结构,并基于聚偏氟乙烯（ PVDF）薄膜的特性建立了三维力并行测量的数学模型。触觉检测基于PVDF的压电效应,热觉检测基于PVDF的热释电效应。通过对触觉和热觉信号做比例减法运算,从而彻底区分触觉和热觉信号。     

基于力敏导电橡胶的新型三维力柔性触觉传感器仿真研究

针对目前触觉传感器研究中不能兼有柔韧性和多维力测量等难题,设计了一种基于力敏导电橡胶的具有整体两层非对称网状式结构的触觉传感器,通过检测导电橡胶的电阻值变化来分析三维力信息。本文介绍了该传感器的基本结构,并基于理想力敏导电橡胶的力学特性建立了三维力并行测量的数学模型,通过对该模型的求解解决了三维力及各受力点之间复杂的耦合问题。仿真实验结果表明该传感器能够实现对表面任意单点三维力、多点三维力以及三维面力信息的测量。     

Comparison of contact sensor localization abilities during manipulation

This paper presents an experimental comparison of tactile array versus force-torque sensing for localizing contact during manipulation. The manipulation tasks involved rotating objects and translating objects using a planar two fingered manipulator. A pin and a box were selected as limiting cases of point and line contact against a cylindrical robot finger tip. Practical implementations of the two sensor types are compared theoretically and experimentally, and three different localization algorithms for the tactile array sensor are considered. Force-torque contact sensing results suffered from difficulties in calibration, transient forces, and low grasp force. Tactile array sensing was immune to these problems and the effect of shear loading was only noticeable for a simple centroid algorithm. The results show that with care, both of these sensing schemes can determine the contact location within a millimeter during real manipulation tasks.     

基于FBG的机器人柔性触觉传感器

为了满足机器人与外界环境、对象发生接触及交互作用时的触觉感知需求,提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）的柔性触觉传感器．该传感器采用3×3 FBG阵列作为柔性传感元件,聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）材料构成双层柔性基体．介绍了传感器的传感原理并采用有限元方法对其弹性体进行力学仿真分析,基于标定实验平台完成该传感器的静态标定实验．传感器的空间分辨率为25mm,在10mm×10mm载荷施加单元下,对力的感知范围为0～7N,且传感器具有较好的线性度和灵敏度,重复性和一致性良好,力灵敏度为0.16nm/N．实验结果和分析研究都证明了柔性触觉传感器的可行性．该传感器与人体皮肤触感及结构极为相似,且布线简单、抗干扰能力强．