铝合金微通道扁管EBSD晶粒度和织构分析

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术,研究经高温大挤压比成形的AA3003铝合金微通道扁管横纵截面的晶粒分布、晶粒度统计和择优取向。结果表明,铝合金扁管的横截面和纵截面晶粒均呈等轴状,椭圆的长短轴比均约1.7左右。横截面平均晶粒尺寸约34.4μm,纵截面的平均晶粒尺寸约41.2μm。扁管沿挤压方向未观察到挤压变形带和焊合线。此外,铝合金微通道扁管织构为弱立方织构(100)[001]混合沿着挤压方向强高斯织构(110)[001]。并且经过高温严重塑性变形铝合金的微通道扁管的组织为再结晶组织,晶粒呈椭球状,顺着挤压方向略有拉伸,并生成典型铝合金再结晶织构。     

2A14铝合金表面纳米化对第二相颗粒的影响

为提高铝合金材料力学性能,采用超音速微粒轰击(SFPB)技术对2A14铝合金进行表面纳米化处理,利用XRD、SEM和TEM等研究2A14铝合金表层第二相颗粒的弥散分布和形貌变化机理。结果表明:材料表面经强烈塑性变形形成约30μm厚的纳米层和约120μm厚的过渡层,表面纳米层晶粒尺寸为50~100 nm,表面显微硬度提高了1倍多,纳米层和过渡层中第二相颗粒得到细化,总体弥散分布比基体更加均匀,距表面距离越近,细化效果和总体弥散分布越好;在过渡层里部分第二相颗粒被亚晶界切分,在纳米层中第二相颗粒均被纳米晶包裹,第二相颗粒的边界与纳米晶晶界部分重合。第二相颗粒被纳米晶包裹影响纳米层晶界迁移机制,对材料表面性能的改善有积极意义。     

基于往复挤压的7034铝合金形变热处理强韧化机理研究

为提高7034铝合金微观组织均匀性和综合力学性能,本文开展了往复挤压剧烈塑性变形工艺与固溶时效制度的优化设计研究,并表征了不同变形-热处理方案下材料力学性能、晶粒与第二相尺寸分布、位错组态演化的定量规律,建立了塑性变形和热处理制度与7034铝合金的微观组织和力学性能的关联关系。结果表明：经过三道次往复挤压,平均晶粒尺寸由初始态的59μm细化到9μm,平均晶粒尺寸标准差从一道次的3.05下降到三道次的0.8;相较于双级固溶时效,单级固溶时效处理后的MgZn₂相尺寸更细小,密度更高,且多为半共格的η′相,位错塞积演变为亚晶,二者交互作用更强,起到更好的强化效果。最优热处理制度为单级固溶+单级时效,在此条件下,抗拉强度与延伸率分别达到747MPa和4.3%,优于双级固溶+双级时效制度。     

7055铝合金多道次热变形及固溶处理中的组织演变

定量研究了7055铝合金进行多道次热变形及固溶处理中的微观组织演变,采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对7055铝合金进行多道次热压缩,并对热压缩试样进行固溶处理。以EBSD为主要分析手段,对平均晶粒尺寸、再结晶体积分数、大角度晶界比例等微观组织特征进行定量表征。结果表明:升高变形温度和减少变形道次均有利于增大亚结构比例并且抑制再结晶。当变形温度由375℃升高到425℃时,7055铝合金固溶态显微组织的晶粒平均尺寸由65μm增大到420μm,再结晶体积分数由51%减小到10%;当变形道次由单道次增加到3道次时,固溶态显微组织的晶粒平均尺寸由56μm增大到84μm,再结晶体积分数由14%增大到23%。     

冷轧变形量和退火制度对超快速加热下5083铝合金晶粒尺寸的影响

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟系统和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对5083铝合金的超快速退火组织演变规律进行研究,探讨了快速加热速度、退火温度及冷轧变形量对5083铝合金晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,5083铝合金经80%的冷轧变形后分别以25、250、500℃/s的加热速度升温至450℃保温3s后以40℃/s冷却时,平均晶粒尺寸随加热速度的增加由7.43μm细化至4.98μm。5083铝合金经80%冷轧变形后在不同退火温度(350、400、420、450和500℃)下进行超快速退火(加热速度500℃/s,保温时间3 s,冷却速度40℃/s)后,所得晶粒尺寸先减小再增大,在420℃退火时,晶粒尺寸达到最小,为4.82μm。再结晶晶粒尺寸受晶界迁移速率和形核率的耦合作用,在350~420℃超快速退火时,由于快速加热使形核率急剧增大,而形核温度较低,使晶界迁移速率较小,导致晶界迁移速率小于形核率,因而再结晶晶粒尺寸由5.23μm细化至4.82μm;在420~500℃超快速退火时,形核温度变高,晶界迁移速率快速增大,则晶界迁移速率大于形核率,使合金晶粒由4.82μm粗化至6.20μm,420℃是5083铝合金晶界迁移速率和形核率之间竞争的一个临界点。5083铝合金经50%、60%、71.4%、80%和87.5%的冷轧变形后以500℃/s的超快速加热速度升温至450℃保温3 s后以40℃/s冷却,所得平均晶粒尺寸分别为7.94、6.82、6.03、4.98和4.84μm,随轧制变形量的增大晶粒尺寸减小,但是冷轧制变量达到80%以后再进行超快速退火晶粒尺寸减小不明显。     

铸造亚共晶Al-Si合金显微组织中α枝晶相的定量分析

采用金相显微镜和图像分析仪的定量测试技术,计算了亚共晶铝合金中α枝晶相的参数,包括α相的含量、晶粒度和圆整度等。结果表明,经过变质处理后,当α枝晶相的含量较高时,其分布较均匀,晶粒度细化至31μm,圆整度达到1.45。说明图像分析仪能对显微组织中α枝晶相的特征参数进行定量分析,为变质处理工艺的制定打下良好的基础。     

旋转摩擦挤压7075铝合金组织及第二相形貌

采用旋转摩擦挤压法(RFE)加工T6态7075铝合金,对挤压后的7075铝合金进行热处理,观察了7075铝合金的显微组织和第二相变化,测试了加工后材料的显微硬度。结果表明,RFE态的7075铝合金为未完全再结晶的细小等轴晶,平均晶粒尺寸约为15μm。经热处理后,铝合金中未发生再结晶的晶粒继续完成再结晶,晶粒尺寸进一步细化均匀,约为8μm。RFE加工使7075铝合金中保留的初生金属间化合物尺寸变小,原沉淀析出的第二相(MgZn_2相)在RFE加工过程中大部分发生重溶,未重溶的MgZn_2相发生粗化,经热处理后7075铝合金中析出的MgZn_2相尺寸细小,呈弥散分布。RFE态7075铝合金显微硬度低于基材,但经T6热处理后,其硬度为177.5HV,高于基材,7075铝合金中第二相对基体的强化效果较细晶强化作用更显著。     

基于机器视觉的网络变压器模块缺陷检测系统研究

针对电子元件缺陷传统人工检测方法存在劳动量大、检测效率和自动化程度低、成本高等问题,提出一种基于Halcon的视觉检测系统。针对研究对象的特殊性,提出两次采集、两次判断的多特征自动检测方法,并构建验证试验平台;利用CCD相机实时采集元件图像,再对图像进行中值滤波等预处理,降低图形噪声;采用阈值分割、Blob分析的方法对图像缺陷特征进行形态学特征识别和提取,得到判断结果。实验结果表明:该检测方式能快速、准确、高效地提取电子元件缺陷特征;单幅图平均图像处理时间为131 ms,检测平均准确率为95%;另一方面,自动控制系统稳定性强,精度高,单个元件检测周期平均时间为4.7 s,相教于人工检测效率提高了38%,满足工业要求。     

时效温度与时间对6005A铝合金挤压型材显微组织与力学性能的影响(英文)

研究时效时间和时效温度对6005A铝合金显微组织与力学性能的影响,对该铝合金挤压型材进行人工时效实验,时效时间分别为4、8和12h,时效温度分别为150、175和200°C。结果表明:随着时效温度和时间增加,挤压过程形成的粗大Al(Fe,Cr)Si析出相形貌由颗粒状向棒状转变,175°C时亚微米级析出相体积分数最大,200°C时在晶界析出1～3μm左右的AlFeSi相。挤压型材的室温力学性能对时效工艺中的温度参数更加敏感,时效工艺为175°C,4～8h时具有最佳的强度和较稳定的力学性能,抗拉强度与屈服强度分别达到300MPa和270MPa以上。     

生产6061铝合金阀体用铸锭的均匀化处理研究

对6061铝合金铸锭均匀化处理进行了试验研究。570℃15 h均匀化处理的铸锭中,第二相尺寸最小的为5.2μm,最大的为12.5μm,与国外挤压阀体材料中残留第二相尺寸5.9μm~11.4μm相当;共晶相的网状结构随着保温时间延长逐渐溶解;枝晶网宽度小于2μm,挤压破碎后使其尺寸进一步细化。这一均匀化制度可以用于生产高要求的阀体材料。570℃均匀化距该合金过烧温度582℃有12℃的余量,可以保证生产中的温控要求。由于生产条件下,铸锭规格较大铸锭内部达到570℃所需时间要长一些,在生产中可适当延长均匀的保温时间。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.