高效气浮-水解酸化-好氧耦合工艺处理废纸再生造纸废水

采用高效气浮-水解酸化(UASB)-好氧(生物铁强化接触氧化)耦合工艺处理废纸再生造纸废水.运行结果表明,此工艺能有效处理废纸再生造纸废水,COD去除率达到93.9%,BOD去除率达到85.4%,SS去除率达到96.6%.生物接触氧化池中投加适量亚铁离子形成的生物铁强化反应器,可以将废纸再生造纸废水的COD、BOD、SS去除率分别提高10%、13%、21%.     

铁炭微电解联合O/A/O生物工艺处理化工废水

研究铁炭微电解预处理与复合生物工艺对某一利用制药与染料工艺废水生产大苏打厂排放的高杂混合化工废水的处理效果.铁炭微电解预处理可提高该废水的可生化性,降低COD和色度,并能有效去除硫化物.该预处理对硫化物的去除率高达99%.经历40d的驯化启动阶段,后续复合生物反应器开始正常运行.后续生物处理可使出水COD维持在700 mg/L,总COD去除率80%～86%.这些结果为应用铁炭微电解与O/A/O复合生物工艺治理高杂混合化工废水提供一定的参考.     

组合化学混凝-水解酸化-好氧-生物活性炭工艺处理高盐度钻井废水

采用隔油-絮凝预处理-水解酸化-好氧处理-深度处理组合工艺对某钻井平台高盐度废水进行处理试验研究.采用聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和双氧水(H2O2)组合化学混凝法进行预处理,深度处理采用生物活性炭工艺.结果表明,组合混凝工艺处理效果显著优于普通混凝工艺,废水COD和色度去除率分别可达94.2%和99.4%;生物活性炭工艺在停留时间为6h时COD平均去除率为77.4%;中试装置处理效果稳定,出水COD低于60mg·L-1,达到天津市污水综合排放标准(DB 12/356-2008)二级排放标准.该工艺处理废水费用约为11元·m-3.     

预处理+SBR+MBR处理抗生素制药废水试验研究

先用混凝+水解酸化法预处理抗生素废水,再用序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)+一体化膜生物反应器(MBR)进行生化处理。结果表明:废水经混凝处理后,CODCr平均去除率达33.72%,水解酸化预处理后,CODCr平均去除率达到17.25%,可生化性提高;经SBR+MBR组合好氧工艺处理后,CODCr由平均进水1 200 mg/L降至出水195mg/L左右(≤300 mg/L),达到国家污水综合排放标准(GB 8978—1996)二级指标。     

垃圾焚烧电厂废水处理技术分析

分析了垃圾焚烧电厂废水的水质特征及主要来源,将废水分成低浓度污水、脱酸废水和垃圾渗滤液三种,采用分质收集处理的方法处理不同的废水。低浓度污水采用生物接触氧化法处理,脱酸废水采用"絮凝沉淀+活性炭吸附+反渗透(RO)"工艺处理,垃圾渗滤液采用"预处理+上流式厌氧生物反应器(UASB)+膜生物反应器(MBR)+反渗透(RO)+高级氧化"组合处理工艺处理。处理后的废水均可用于厂内回用,可以实现废水零排放。     

高效菌群处理油泥的成效分析

以美国生态实验室Microbe lift水处理菌群(A)、油田废水中驯化培养的混合菌群(B)及假单胞杆菌群(P.Aeruginosa,C)为实验菌剂,模拟了生物反应器和生物强化法处理油泥的成效,研究结果表明:三组菌群均能有效降解油泥中的油类污染物,组合菌群的去油效果要优于单组菌群;单组菌群以C的去油效果最好,经生物反应器处理7d和生物强化法处理120d后,对油的去除率分别达到61.79%和41.93%;组合菌群以ABC处理效果最好,经生物反应器处理7d和生物强化法处理120d后,对油的去除率分别达到72.21%和74.61%;各菌群在生物反应器和生物强化法处理油泥过程中,加速生长期分别为2d和30d,生物反应器的去油效果要优于生物强化法。     

造纸废水深度处理工艺探讨

根据造纸废水水质特点及造纸废水特别排放限值要求,分析了造纸废水深度处理的必要性和思路,综述了臭氧氧化、Fenton氧化、膜生物反应器、曝气生物滤池及膜分离法等技术的主要工艺原理及其在造纸废水深度处理中的应用,提出造纸废水深度处理工艺需综合分析确定可行的工艺方案。     

混凝沉淀+电氧化反应器联合处理造纸废水的试验研究

研究了采用混凝沉淀 电氧化反应器联合处理造纸废水工艺.首先对造纸废水进行混凝沉淀,先投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)120 mg/L,再投加聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)1.0 mg/L,对废水的CODCr去除率可达到75%.出水再利用电氧化反应器处理,电氧化反应器反应级数为一级,当电流密度15 mA/cm2、反应时间140 min时,对废水的CODCr的再次去除率可达90%以上,并可提高废水的可生化性.采用混凝沉淀与电氧化反应器联合处理造纸废水,处理效果好,出水稳定,对废水中CODCr、悬浮物、色度均有很高的去除效率,是造纸废水适宜的处理技术.     

膜生物反应器处理造纸废水的研究

分别采用浸没式膜生物反应器(S-MBR)和外置式膜生物反应器(A-MBR)进行了造纸废水的中试处理试验.两套中试设备分别连续运行4个月,证明S-MBR更适合此类废水的处理.以S-MBR产水作为反渗透(RO)系统供水,运行1个月,证明S-MBR产水能满足RO进水的要求.     

絮凝-微滤膜处理造纸中段废水的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为絮凝剂对造纸中段废水预处理,再用微滤膜过滤的处理方案处理造纸中段废水.考察了絮凝剂的相对分子质量及用量、微滤膜平均孔径、水通量对废水处理效果的影响,并选出废水处理的最佳方案.处理后的废水指标为:ρ(CODcr)＝19.3 mg/L,电导率265 μs/cm,硬度(°DH)11.98,造纸中的废水达到了造纸行业污染物排放标准,可以回收利用.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。