急诊科抢救护理记录表的设计和应用

急诊科抢救护理记录表全面反映抢救患者整个救治过程，是衡量护理质量的重要资料，也是医生观察救治效果、调整治疗方案的重要依据。我科以往所用的急诊抢救护理记录表以记录生命体征和部分护理措施为主，并且记录繁琐、内容不全，不能全面反映急诊抢救患者信息、病情变化、救治措施及抢救护理程序实施过程，病情观察无连续性，记录使用纸张数量多等缺点。为了加强急诊抢救患者的管理，便于护理人员观察和记录病情，防止医疗纠纷，提高急诊科抢救护理质量，     

急诊抢救记录存在的缺陷与防范对策

护理文书是记录每一位服务对象就诊时的详细资料,是重要的法律依据,也是医疗事故技术鉴定最重要的基本材料,为护患双方提供了法律保护及举证依据。急诊室做为医疗特殊抢救之地,又是医疗纠纷的好发之地,护理文书记录的及时、准确和有效性至关重要。为此,我们抽查了2004年全年的抢救文书记录,就其中容易导致医疗纠纷的缺陷进行分析,以达到提高急诊抢救记录的书写质量,保证其法律效应的目的。现报道如下。     

急诊护理安全隐患与对策

急诊科是医院的窗口,是危、急病人抢救的阵地;急诊抢救护理质量是衡量每所医院整体水平、服务质量、应急能力的一个重要标准.急诊科医务人员肩负院前、院内抢救、急诊处置、留观病人、静脉输液,肌肉注射等繁重任务;医护人员超负荷劳动,精神压力大,护理队伍年轻,处理问题的能力相对薄弱,医护人员的人身安全时刻受到威胁,病人及家属对突发疾病或意外缺乏思想准备,容易发生医疗纠纷.针对急诊护理工作面临的许多问题采取了相应的对策.现介绍如下.     

急诊创伤记录表的设计与应用

急诊科是医院的高风险科室，医疗纠纷相对较多.急诊创伤病人病情进展快，救洽过程需争分夺秒。应用传统危重护理记录单，不能充分反映创伤病人的病情，并且抢救记录多数只能在抢救结束后补写，容易遗漏或与医生记录有偏差，甚至引发纠纷。为使病人得到快速救治、降低医疗机构的风险、提高急诊护理质量、     

急诊护理安全隐患与对策

急诊科是医院的窗口,是危、急病人抢救的阵地;急诊抢救护理质量是衡量每所医院整体水平、服务质量、应急能力的一个重要标准。急诊科医务人员肩负院前,院内抢救、急诊处置、留观病人、静脉输液、肌肉注射等繁重任务;医护人员超负荷劳动,精神压力大,护理队伍年轻,处理问题的能力相对薄弱,医护人员的人身安全时刻受到威胁,病人及家属对突发疾病或意外缺乏思想准备,容易发生医疗纠纷。针对急诊护理工作面临的许多问题采取了相应的对策。现介绍如下。     

急诊抢救护送记录单的设计与应用

针对新的医疗卫生形势下急诊抢救护送工作涉及到的潜在性法律问题，将原有的记录项目和程序优化，制定了急诊抢救护送记录单。经2年临床实践，形成了规范有序，简洁实用．责任分明的急诊抢救护送工作流程；强化了急诊护士的证据意识和全程服务意识；有效提高急诊护理质量；降低了医疗纠纷的发生率。     

急诊创伤记录表的设计与应用

急诊科是医院的高风险科室,医疗纠纷相对较多[1].急诊创伤病人病情进展快,救治过程需争分夺秒.应用传统危重护理记录单,不能充分反映创伤病人的病情,并且抢救记录多数只能在抢救结束后补写,容易遗漏或与医生记录有偏差,甚至引发纠纷.为使病人得到快速救治、降低医疗机构的风险、提高急诊护理质量、增加安全性成为日益突出的问题.     

院前急诊护理干预对创伤性休克病人抢救效果的影响

目的:探讨院前急诊护理干预对创伤性休克病人抢救成功率的影响。方法:回顾性分析总结2011年2月～2013年5月在我院就诊的273例创伤性休克病人病历资料,其中169例病人由"120"急救车送入院,均接受院前急诊护理,设为观察组;另104例病人由家属或者他人送入医院救治,均未接受院前急诊护理,设为对照组。结果:观察组住院抢救成功157例,对照组为82例,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),此外,观察组抢救介入时间、术前准备时间均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:院前急诊护理干预能够切实提高创伤性休克病人的抢救成功率,需要加强宣教并引起民众高度重视。     

急性心肌梗死的院前急诊护理

目的 分析探讨急性心肌梗死患者的院前急诊护理方案.方法 选取本院收治的急性心肌梗死患者60例,其中42例入院前接受急诊护理作为观察组,18例入院前未接受急诊护理作为对照组.对照组18例患者突发急性心肌梗死后马上送医就诊,观察组患者在对照组接受的治疗基础上接受院前急诊护理,比较两组患者抢救成功率、进入重症加强护理病房(ICU)率.结果 观察组42例患者经过院前急诊护理、急诊抢救后38例转入内科普通病房进行治疗,占90.48％,4例转入ICU进行治疗,占9.52％,无死亡,抢救成功率高达100％;对照组18例患者经急诊抢救后,11例转入内科普通病房进行治疗,占61.11％,6例转入ICU继续治疗,占33.33％,1例因抢救无效死亡,占5.55％,两组比较,观察组抢救成功率、进入ICU治疗率均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 对急性心肌梗死患者进行院前急诊护理能有效提高患者接受入院治疗的临床效果,尽可能的保障患者生命安全,值得临床推广使用.     

基于简捷实用规范的急诊出车记录单的设计与应用

目的:探讨完善急诊出车护理记录,提高护理记录书写质量的方法,以减少医疗纠纷。方法:按照简捷实用规范的原则,针对原有急诊出车记录中存在的问题,将出车护理记录项目表格化。结果:我院从2011年1月份开始使用急诊出车记录单后,缩短了急诊出车护理记录的记录时间,提高了护理书写质量。结论:急诊护理记录单方便、快捷、实用、规范,有效地促进了急诊护理质量的提高。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.