激素抵抗性前列腺癌的治疗进展

多西他赛联合泼尼松的3周治疗方案是激素抵抗性前列腺癌的首选一线化疗方案.近年来许多临床研究着重于研究抗肿瘤血管生成联合多西他赛为基础的治疗方案能否进一步提高疗效、新一代抗雄激素治疗以及多西他赛化疗失败后的解救治疗.对于激素抵抗性前列腺癌,阿比特龙可为首选,Enzalutamide可作为多西他赛耐受后的另一内分泌治疗选择,而化疗联合靶向药物仍然无法挑战多西他赛联合泼尼松的一线治疗地位.     

醋酸阿比特龙与多西他赛治疗转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者的真实世界研究进展

应用醋酸阿比特龙和多西他赛治疗转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者的安全性和生存获益已经被国外多项随机对照试验和临床研究所证实，但真实世界研究尚缺乏，归纳本文通过回顾醋酸阿比特龙与多西他赛在治疗转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌患者国内外相关研究，以差异化的真实世界为背景，综述醋酸阿比特龙和多西他赛在临床实践的真实研究进展及所面临的临床问题。其在个体化给药、联合用药、不良反应监测等临床热点问题还需进一步研究。     

米托蒽醌联合泼尼松治疗激素抵抗性前列腺癌的临床效果

目的探讨米托蒽醌联合泼尼松治疗激素抵抗性前列腺癌的临床效果。方法按照随机数字表法将90例激素抵抗性前列腺癌患者均分为实验组和对照组。实验组采用米托蒽醌联合泼尼松治疗,对照组采用多西他赛联合泼尼松治疗,比较2组患者临床疗效、骨痛缓解效果及毒副作用和不良反应发生情况。结果实验组总有效率为86.67%,与对照组(84.44%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组患者治疗有效和病情稳定患者的PSA控制时间为(25.33±7.57)周,显著低于对照组(37.88±10.26)周,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组患者骨痛缓解率为42.22%,与对照组(53.33%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组患者骨髓抑制发生率为40.00%,不良反应发生率为6.67%,均略低于对照组(53.33%,17.78%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论米托蒽醌联合泼尼松治疗激素抵抗性前列腺癌临床疗效显著,与多西他赛联合泼尼松相近,但其在骨痛缓解和副作用、不良反应发生情况上略优于多西他赛联合泼尼松。当治疗效果不佳时两种方案交替使用能够有效提高治疗效果,多西他赛联合泼尼松可作为米托蒽醌联合泼尼松的挽救方案。     

雷替曲塞联合多西他赛治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效

目的 探讨雷替曲塞联合多西他赛治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法 90例晚期胃癌患者随机分为A、B组,A组45例采用雷替曲塞联合多西他赛化疗方案;B组45例采用多西他赛化疗方案。治疗2周期后,比较两组患者的疗效及不良反应。结果 患者接受治疗后均可评价疗效。A组总有效率(53.33%)显著高于B组(31.11%),差异具有统计学意义;两组主要不良反应均为骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、脱发、关节酸痛、外周神经炎、口腔黏膜炎等,且A组骨髓抑制、关节酸痛、转氨酶升高和贫血的发生率高于B组,但无显著差异;两组未见因不良反应延缓化疗的患者,且无化疗相关性死亡。结论 雷替曲塞联合多西他赛方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效优于多西他赛,且不良反应较轻,值得临床推广使用。     

安罗替尼联合多西他赛治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效及对远期生存和不良反应的影响

目的 探讨安罗替尼联合多西他赛治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效及对远期生存和不良反应的影响.方法 将94例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者根据化疗方案不同分为对照组(46例,多西他赛治疗)及观察组(48例,安罗替尼联合多西他赛治疗).比较两组患者近期疗效,随访2年,对比远期生存,并观察两组患者不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组患者总有效...     

国产多西他赛联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌的随机对照研究

目的评价多西他赛注射液（辽宁省药业有限公司）与对照药物（已上市国产多西他赛）的临床疗效和不良反应,比较两者联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌及非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和安全性。方法晚期和（或）转移性乳腺癌患者或非小细胞癌患者以1：1的比例随机分配至多西他赛75mg/m^2＋顺铂90mg/m^2研究组或对照药物75mg/m2＋顺铂90mg/m2对照组,21天为1周期,2周期后评价疗效,未进展的病例继续治疗至4周期。结果134例患者中120例可评价疗效,134例可评价不良反应。非小细胞肺癌有效率多西他赛研究组14.7、对照药组11.5;乳腺癌有效率多西他赛研究组27.6、对照药组32.3;各组间有效率差异均无统计学意义。不良反应主要为骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、脱发。多西他赛与对照药物比较,疗效和不良反应相似。结论多西他赛联合顺铂方案治疗乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌安全有效,耐受性好,与对照药物疗效和不良反应相似。     

多西他赛联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的:观察多西他赛联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应.方法:对62例非小细胞肺癌患者采用多西他赛联合顺铂方案化疗,多西他赛75mg/m2静脉滴注,d1;顺铂25mg/m2静脉滴注d1-3;3周为一周期,至少治疗2周期.结果:所有患者均完成2个以上周期,有效率46.78%,中位生存期9.6个月.主 要不良反应为脱发及骨髓抑制,发生率分别为88.71%及85.48%,其中Ⅲ-Ⅳ度分别为 14.52%及8.06%.结论:多西他赛联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效显著,不良反应较小,患者耐受性好.     

多西他赛单药用于晚期食管鳞癌二线治疗的疗效分析

[目的]探讨多西他赛在晚期食管鳞癌患者二线治疗中的疗效及不良反应.[方法]回顾性分析85例晚期食管鳞癌患者,所有患者均为一线治疗进展后采用二线多西他赛治疗.Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析.Cox法对影响患者预后的因素进行多因素分析.[结果]患者中位无进展生存期为3.5个月,中位生存期为5.5个月.一线化疗达到部分缓解的患者多西他赛治疗疗效优于一线治疗后稳定及进展的患者(4.0个月vs 3.2个月,P=0.015).多数患者能够耐受不良反应,发生Ⅲ～Ⅳ度不良反应的患者比例为25.8％.[结论]多西他赛在二线食管鳞癌患者中有一定的疗效.一线治疗中疗效好的患者采用多西他赛二线治疗疗效较好.     

多西他赛联合顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的：观察多西他赛联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及不良反应。方法：对62例非小细胞肺癌患者采用多西他赛联合顺铂方案化疗,多西他赛75mg／m^2静脉滴注,d1;顺铂25mg／m^2静脉滴注d1-3;3周为一周期,至少治疗2周期。结果：所有患者均完成2个以上周期,有效率46．78％,中位生存期9．6个月。主要不良反应为脱发及骨髓抑制,发生率分别为88．71％及85．48％,其中Ⅲ-Ⅳ度分别为14．52％及8．06％。结论：多西他赛联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效显著,不良反应较小,患者耐受性好。     

多西他赛联合洛铂治疗蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌疗效分析

目的：观察多西他赛联合洛铂方案对蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌患者的临床疗效及毒副作用。方法：采用多西他赛联合洛铂方案治疗晚期乳腺癌患者42例。多西他赛75mg/m2静脉滴注第1天,洛铂30mg/m2静脉滴注第1天。每21天重复,至少应用2个周期。结果：42例患者中,CR、PR分别为4、19例,总有效率为54.8%（23/42）,1年生存率为64.3%（27/42）,主要不良反应为骨髓抑制。结论：多西他赛联合洛铂方案治疗蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌疗效好,不良反应轻,是治疗蒽环类耐药的晚期乳腺癌较好的方案。     

Docetaxel for treatment of solid tumours: a systematic review of clinical data

Docetaxel is a semisynthetic taxane, a class of anticancer agents that bind to beta tubulin, thereby stabilising microtubules and inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Docetaxel was first approved for the treatment of anthracycline-refractory metastatic breast cancer in the mid-1990s. Since then, several randomised trials have reported improved time-to-progression, overall survival, or both in metastatic breast cancer treated with single-agent docetaxel or docetaxel-based combination regimens. Data from two adjuvant trials have shown a survival benefit with the addition of docetaxel to standard anthracycline-based regimens in patients with high-risk early breast cancer. In four randomised studies, docetaxel improved survival in locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Moreover, two trials have shown that docetaxel combined with estramustine or corticosteroids improves survival in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. Here, we review major randomised phase III trials with docetaxel in the treatment of solid malignant disease.     

‘Charting a new course for prostate cancer’ – currying favor for docetaxel in hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer

Docetaxel has an established role in the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. A number of recent treatments have been shown to improve the survival outcomes for this group of patients and many with improved toxicity profiles, bringing the role of docetaxel into question. We discuss the results and implications of the CHAARTED study that demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival with docetaxel in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.     

Résistance au docétaxel: mécanismes et applications thérapeutiques

Docetaxel is the standard treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, but its effectiveness is limited in time and tumor escape the inevitable. The various combinations with docetaxel were negative in terms of prolongation of overall survival. A better understanding of mechanisms of docetaxel resistance on microtubule and p-glycoprotein, for instance, would guide the therapeutic strategy. After the administration of docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, alpharadin and recently MDV3100 have shown their effectiveness in improving overall survival compared to a placebo or mitoxantrone in phase III trials. Also in predocetaxel stage, sipuleucel-T has proven effective in asymptomatic mCRPC patients. The identification of predictors of response to taxanes will personalize chemotherapy to induce durable response and significantly prolonged survival.     

多西他赛联合醋酸甲羟孕酮片治疗转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨多西他赛联合醋酸甲羟孕酮片（MAD）治疗转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌（mCRPC）的临床疗效。方法:收集2013年12月至2016年6月我科收治的转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者64例，随机分为对照组和观察组，每组32例。对照组接受多西他赛联合强的松治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上联合服用醋酸甲羟孕酮片。评价治疗后两组患者前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）有效率、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）下降率、不良反应、无疾病进展生存时间（PFS）和总生存时间（OS）的差异。结果:化疗结束后，观察组的PSA有效率和ALP下降率分别为96.9%和46.9%，对照组分别为90.6%和56.3%，组间比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）。全组患者白细胞下降发生率为100%，观察组Ⅲ-Ⅳ度白细胞和血红蛋白下降率、Ⅱ度乏力发生率均低于对照组，组间比较具有统计学差异（P＜0.05）。观察组和对照组的PFS分别9.6个月和10.0个月，OS分别为19.3个月和18.6个月，组间PFS和OS比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论:多西他赛治疗mCRPC患者的主要不良反应为白细胞下降，联合使用醋酸甲羟孕酮片可有效改善化疗不良反应。     

米托蒽醌联合沙利度胺挽救治疗经多西他赛治疗失败的晚期去势抵抗性前列腺癌的疗效观察

目的:观察米托蒽醌联合沙利度胺挽救治疗经多西他赛治疗失败的晚期去势抵抗性前列腺癌的疗效及不良反应。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的80例经多西他赛化疗失败的晚期去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者,按治疗方法不同分为两组,观察组40例接受米托蒽醌、泼尼松联合沙利度胺方案化疗,对照组仅接受米托蒽醌、泼尼松方案化疗。每2个疗程评价疗效,计算PSA缓解率及中位进展时间、ORR及中位TTP、骨痛缓解率和不良反应。结果:80例患者均可评价疗效,观察组和对照组的PSA缓解率分别为55.0%、47.5%,中位进展时间分别为4.2个月、3.5个月,mTTP分别为4.9个月、4.1个月,骨痛缓解率分别为74.3%、51.5%,ORR均为5.0%,两组差异比较无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组患者的骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应发生率稍低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组患者的失眠、消瘦症状较对照组明显得到改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:米托蒽醌、泼尼松方案挽救治疗经多西他赛治疗失败的晚期去势抵抗性前列腺癌有较好的疗效,不良反应发生率低,联合沙利度胺可进一步改善晚期患者的失眠、消瘦症状。     

Novel agents and targets in managing patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Docetaxel has recently been found to improve survival in patients with metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Chemotherapy as a first-line option leaves room for improvement, while second-line options are multiple and somewhat controversial. METHODS: Clinically relevant articles focusing on chemotherapy drugs for metastatic prostate cancer and their mechanism of action and efficacy were reviewed from January 2004 through April 2006. RESULTS: Docetaxel is the standard of care for AIPC. However, for doublets with docetaxel or second-line chemotherapy, multiple studies have shown interesting and promising results with calcitriol, thalidomide, bevacizumab, satraplatin, vaccines, ixabepilone, and atrasentan. CONCLUSIONS: Docetaxel should be considered for first-line treatment of metastatic AIPC. Due to its progression-free survival of only 6 months, more effective drugs and drug combinations need to be developed to treat patients with AIPC. Combination treatments with docetaxel and other new agents are promising, but adequately powered phase III trials need to be conducted with survival as the principal endpoint for these promising drug combinations.     

吉非替尼与多西他赛治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果比较

目的 对比分析吉非替尼与多西他赛治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果.方法 选择晚期非小细胞肺癌患者96例,随机分为吉非替尼组与多西他赛组,每组48例.吉非替尼组口服吉非替尼治疗,每次250 mg,每天1次;多西他赛组静脉滴注多西他赛75 mg/m2治疗,静脉滴注1 h,每个月静脉滴注1次.比较2组的近期疗效,生活质量情况,中位生存期和1年生存率;观察2组骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、腹泻、皮疹以及心血管反应等不良反应发生率.结果 吉非替尼组的疾病控制率以及总有效率均明显高于多西他赛组(P<0.05);吉非替尼组的躯体功能、情绪功能、角色功能和社会功能评分均明显高于多西他赛组(P<0.05);吉非替尼组的中位生存期和1年生存率均明显优于多西他赛组(P<0.05);吉非替尼组的不良反应发生率为12.50%(6/48),明显低于多西他赛组的33.33%(16/48)(P<0.05).结论吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果明显优于多西他赛,且不良反应少,安全性高,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

Docetaxel (taxotere) in the treatment of prostate cancer

Docetaxel (Taxotere) is a taxoid derived from the needles of the European yew tree, Taxus baccata. With an overall prostate-specific antigen response rate of 42% in four Phase II studies, docetaxel has important single-agent activity in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Phase II studies suggest that the addition of estramustine (Emcyt) to docetaxel results in higher response rates but also increased toxicity. Docetaxel with and without estramustine is being evaluated in Phase III studies that will provide definitive information about its role in androgen-independent prostate cancer. Novel combinations of docetaxel with biologic response modifiers are in early stages of development. Similarly, a number of investigators are conducting exploratory trials that incorporate docetaxel into multimodality approaches to high-risk localized prostate cancer treatment.     

Piecing the puzzle together: Docetaxel cycles and current considerations in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Docetaxel is the current first line therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but there is no standard number of docetaxel cycles given to patients. In their post hoc analysis of the Mainsail study, de Morrée et al. show that the number of docetaxel cycles administered to a patient is a significant factor contributing to overall survival. These findings warrant further investigation into the standardization of the number of docetaxel cycles administered.     

沙利度胺联合化疗治疗骨转移去势抵抗性前列腺癌的疗效观察

背景与目的:多西他赛联合泼尼松治疗可延长转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者的生存期,血管生成抑制剂也可抑制肿瘤生长,联合治疗的疗效目前仍不明确.该研究旨在观察沙利度胺联合多西他赛和泼尼松治疗骨转移的去势抵抗性前列腺癌的近期临床疗效.方法:收集2008年12月—2015年6月南京军区福州总医院收治的骨转移去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者78例,其中40例作为对照组给予多西他赛和泼尼松方案化疗,38例作为观察组在对照组的基础上给予沙利度胺联合化疗,观察两组有效率、骨痛缓解率、前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)无进展时间、无疾病进展时间及总生存时间,并评价不良反应.结果:观察组有效率为65.79%,PSA无进展时间为4.13个月,无疾病进展时间为4.25个月,骨痛缓解率为86.84%;对照组有效率为40.00%,PSA无进展时间为3.54个月,无疾病进展时间为3.75个月,骨痛缓解率为60.00%,观察组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后两组总生存时间、患者恶心呕吐及白细胞下降等不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:沙利度胺联合化疗治疗骨转移的去势抵抗性前列腺癌近期临床效果满意,安全,不增加不良反应,具有较高的临床应用价值.