La0．75Sr0．25Cr0．5Mn0．5O3粉末的溶胶-凝胶法制备及其NO2气敏性能研究

以La2O3、Cr（NO3）3·9H2O、Sr（NO3）2、Mn（NO3）2和柠檬酸为原料，用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La0.75Sr0.25Cr0．5Mn0.5O3粉体。使用DTA、XRD、SEM、FT-IR等对粉体及中间体进行了表征。结果表明，用此法制备的前驱体，经700℃焙烧2h即可制得粒度均匀的晶体，其平均粒径为4．87nm。以制得的粉体为气敏材料制备了管状NO2气体传感器，并测试了传感器的性能。结果表明，La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0．5O3材料对NO2具有良好的敏感性能。在一定温度范围内，随着NO2浓度的升高，传感器电动势信号逐渐增大。在测试温度范围内，电动势与NO2浓度之间呈良好的线性关系。     

微波加速合成含碳酸根纳米羟基磷灰石

为加速合成仿自然骨的含碳酸根纳米羟基磷灰石（CHA），以Ca（NO3）2·4H2O、NH4HCO3和（NH4）2HPO4为原料，采用微波快速（1h）制备出纳米碳酸羟基磷灰石。采用TEM、XRD、IR测定了CHA的形貌和粒径、研究了CHA的取代类型及其热稳定性。研究结果表明：（1）微波加速合成的粉末为AB混合型取代，粒径为15～30nm、长约40nm的短捧状碳酸纳米羟基磷灰石；（2）煅烧温度对产物的相组成和CO3^2-的含量有很大影响，在700℃时，CHA稳定存在，CHA在900℃或900℃以上分解成TCP和HA的双相钙磷陶瓷粉末，并脱出部分CO2。说明微波法是一种快速合成热稳定性好的纳米碳酸羟基磷灰石的好方法。     

硝酸盐分解法制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料的组织和性能

探索了在不同浓度的Al（NO3）3溶液中加入Cu粉，搅拌至糊状，在80℃干燥后，在H2保护气氛下加热至500℃使得Al（NO3），分解成Al2O3，所得粉末在真空烧结机中加热到800℃，制备出Al2O3弥散强化铜基复合材料。研究了Al2O3含量对该复合材料各种性能的影响规律，结果表明：随着Al2O3含量的增加，材料的电导率下降；当Al2O3含量达1．0％时，材料的硬度达到最大值，而密度随Al2O3含量的增加而下降。     

Ca0．6Mg0．4Zr4（PO4）6纳米粉体的共沉淀法合成与表征

采用直接共沉淀法，以等化学计量比的Ca（NO3）2·4H2O、Mg（NO3）2·6H2O、ZrO（NO3）2·8H2O和NH4H2PO4等无机盐为原料，控制共沉淀反应过程pH=9时，合成了单相的Ca0．6Mg0．4Zr4（PO4）6（C0．6M0．4ZP）纳米粉体，并采用TG-DSC、XRD、纳米粒度分析、SEM和TEM等分析测试手段对合成的Ca0．6Mg0.4Zr4（PO4）6（C0．6M0．4ZP）纳米粉体进行了测试表征。TG-DSC和XRD分析表明，沉淀物经900℃左右热处理即可获得单相的C0．6M0．4ZP纳米粉体。SEM和TEM分析表明，沉淀物在900℃煅烧3h，可获得颗粒粒径为30nm左右的C0．6M0．4ZP纳米粉体，粉体颗粒呈球形，但合成纳米粉体存在团聚现象，导致采用纳米粒度分析仪测定的纳米粉体颗粒尺寸主要分布在30～70nm之间，平均粒径达到45nm。合成C0．6M0．4ZP纳米粉体制备的干压试样，在1300℃保温3h烧成后相对密度达到95．3％，抗弯强度为125．7MPa。     

电沉积法制备掺杂钴的氢氧化镍电极材料及其容量特性

采用电化学共沉积技术在泡沫镍基体上制备了掺杂氢氧化钴的氢氧化镍电极,研究了其容量特性。结果表明：0．5mol／LNi（NO3）2和0．25mol／LCo（NO3）2溶液以体积比Ni（NO3）2：Co（NO3）2=8．5：1．5混合作为沉积溶液时,所得掺钴的氢氧化镍电极性能最佳。XRD和SEM分析表明：所得产物为掺杂α-Co（OH）2的α-Ni（OH）2,晶粒尺寸为2-10nm,其粒子形貌呈球状,粒径在0．5～2μm之间。将其组装成C／Ni（OH）2模拟超级电容器,在充放电电流为5mA的条件下,循环40次后比电容为460F／g,其比电容数值随循环次数增加逐渐趋于稳定。     

AgxPbmSbSem＋2纳米-微米复合热电材料的制备及其性能

以硝酸铅、硝酸银、硝酸锑、硒粉为原料，硼氢化钾为还原剂，水热合成出AgxPbmSbSem＋2（m=10，14，18，x=1，0．85）纳米粉末。X-射线衍射分析表明粉末均呈NaCl型晶体结构，粒径在20～60nm之间。采用无压烧结的方法制备了热电块体材料。扫描电子显微镜观察表明烧结体由纳米和微米两种晶粒组成，前者被包裹在后者内，试样的相对密度大于90％，最高的达96．3％。详细研究了不同成分的试样在同一烧结条件下的体积收缩、烧失量和气孔率，测试了Ag0.85Pb18SbSe20从室温至450℃的热电性能。其Seebeck系数随温度提高单调增加，450℃时达到275μV／K;电导率随温度提高先增加后降低，165℃时达到最大值：196Ω^-1cm^-1。     

氧燃气火焰喷涂的Cr2O3涂层微观组织与性能

作为热喷涂应用的主要粉末材料之一，Cr2O3系列粉末已在纺织机械、印刷机械、泵类密封件等耐磨耐腐蚀工况中广泛应用。由于Cr2O3系列粉末的熔点较高（2265℃），传统采用等离子粉末喷涂工艺喷涂。但Cr2O3的沸点（3000℃）与熔点非常接近，粉末通过高能量等离子弧（弧柱中心温度可达15000～33000K）时，会产生大量对人体有害的烟尘，这是一个重要的环保问题。     

掺钕钇铝石榴石透明激光陶瓷的制备及其显微结构

以Al（NO3）3·9H2O、Y（NO3）3·6H2O和Nd2O3为原料，采用硝酸盐热分解法在1000℃左右合成了单相Nd：YAG陶瓷超细粉体。采用XRD及SEM等测试手段对Nd：YAG陶瓷材料进行了表征。结果表明，当焙烧温度为1000℃时，前驱粉体可以直接得到YAG立方晶相。没有YAM和YAP等中间相生成，煅烧所得的粉末颗粒细小均匀，呈椭球状，分散性较好，粒径在150-200nm之间。使用0．5％（质量分数，下同）的正硅酸乙酯作为烧结添加剂，前驱粉体经1700℃真空热压烧结5h后得到具有一定透明度的Nd：YAG多晶陶瓷，晶粒大多在3～4μm之间，晶界间还分布着少量的气孔。     

LiNi1-xMxO2 (M =Co3+, Al3+)的制备与性能

采用球形Ni(OH)2和LiNO3、CoO、Al(OH)3为原料，在空气气氛条件下700℃恒温8h，合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiNixCo1-xO2和LiNi0.75Al0.25O2。X射线衍射分析表明合成的材料粉末结晶良好，具有规整的α-NaFeO2层状结构；SEM分析表明粉末颗粒呈球形，粒径约为7μm。充放电测试表明：合成的LiNixCo1-xO2正极材料的充电比容量为160mAh／g，放电比容量为152mAh／g；LiNi0.75Al0.25O2正极材料的充电比容量为140mAh／g，放电比容量为129mAh／g；这两种正极材料具有优良的电化学性能。     

Co1-xNixSb3材料的制备及其热电性能

采用溶剂热合成再热处理方法制备了Co1-xNixSb3（x=0，0．1）粉末。经X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）分析表明制得的粉末为纳米粉末。粉末经冷压成型后无压烧结得块体试样。扫描电镜（SEM）观察其显微结构表明试样较致密、且晶粒细小。测试了试样从室温至750K的电导率和Seebeck系数，结果表明Ni掺杂使CoSb3的电导率显著提高，在整个测温范围内其功率因子均比不掺Ni的高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.