用重组丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位检测M2抗体及其临床意义

目的用重组表达的丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位(PDC-E2)检测M2抗体,以利于原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)的早期诊断。方法采用重组表达的PDC-E2建立了免疫印迹法(IBT)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。检测40例PBC患者血清的M2抗体,以其他肝病患者、自身免疫病患者、健康体检者作对照。结果40例PBC患者血清中检测出抗PDC-E2抗体阳性37例,阴性3例,阳性率为92.5%,而疾病对照组和健康体检者血清中该抗体检测均为阴性。结论用重组表达的人PDC-E2检测抗体有较好的敏感性和特异性,有助于PBC的临床诊断。     

M2抗体重组人源靶抗原二联体在原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者中的检测及应用

目的 利用重组抗原BCOADA-E2和PDC-E2的二联体（BP），检测PBC患者血清中的M2抗体并探讨其临床意义。方法 经Ni—NTA亲和柱纯化重组表达的BP融合蛋白，分别建立免疫印迹法（IBT）和酶链免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测60份PBC患者血清，以60份其他肝病患者、60份自身免疫病患者、80例正常人血清为对照组。结果 经常规试剂盒检测为M2（＋）的60份患者血清，利用重组抗原检测阳性53例，阴性7例，阳性率为88．3％；经常规试剂盒检测为M2（-）的60份自身免疫病患者血清、60份其他肝病患者和80例正常人血清，利用重组抗原检测为M2（-）。结论 利用重组抗原BP检测M2抗体敏感性较高。对临床辅助诊断PBC提供一定的手段。     

利用丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物原核表达产物检测原发性胆汁性肝硬变患者血清自身抗体

目的 建立一种利用重组表达的丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位(PDC-E2)和E3结合蛋白(PDC-E3BP)检测原发性胆汁肝硬变(PBC)患者血清的方法。方法 以适当的条件诱导PDC-E2和PDC-E3BP表达质粒pExSecI/PDC-E2和pET28/E3BP,利用表达产物通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测PBC、正常人及其他原因肝硬变患者血清,并与欧盟的检测试剂盒比较。结果 显示PDC-E2和PDC-E3BP表达产物检测PBC患者血清中的自身抗体阳性率为93.3％,与欧盟试剂盒比较,总符合率为98.03％。结论 建立了利用重组表达丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位和E3结合蛋白检测PBC患者血清中自身抗体的方法,且获得PDC-E2和PDC-E3BP的高效表达产物。     

利用重组人源靶抗原二联体OP检测M2抗体及临床意义

目的 利用重组抗原检测自身免疫病患者血清中抗OP自身抗体并探讨其临床意义。方法 经Ni-NTA柱纯化表达重组OP融合蛋白作为抗原，分别用免疫印迹法（IBT）和酶链免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测70份PBC患者血清，80份其它肝病患者血清，80份自身免疫病患者血清和100份正常人血清。结果 70份PBC患者血清中检测出阳性患者62例，阴性8例，阳性率为87．6％。其它肝病患者血清、自身免疫病患者血清和正常人血清均为阴性。重组抗原检测M2抗体有一定的敏感性。结论 利用重组抗原OP检测M2抗体，有较好的敏感性及特异性，有助于PBC的临床诊断。     

用ELISA检测抗丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2和E3结合蛋白自身抗体

目的　用重组丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位和E3结合蛋白 (PDC E2 ,PDC E3BP)建立筛查原发性胆汁性肝硬化 (PBC)患者相应自身抗体的ELISA。方法　用本室制备的重组PDC E2和PDC E3BP蛋白包被酶联反应板 ,检测PBC患者、正常人及其他肝病患者血清。结果　组建成筛查PBC患者血清中自身抗体的试剂盒 ,能够准确地检测PBC患者血清中的自身抗体。结论　建立的试剂盒能用于PBC患者血清中丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物自身抗体的检测。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化血清抗线粒体抗体亚型的检测及诊断价值

目的 探讨抗线粒体亚型（AMA亚型）对原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）的诊断价值。方法 应用酶免疫斑点法检测血清中AMA—M2、M4、M9亚型。8例经临床诊断为PBC患者，47例非PBC肝胆病患者。结果 8例PBC患者M2均阳性、但M4及M9均阴性；47例非PBC肝胭病患者M2、M4、M9均阴性。4例PBC者肝活检Ⅰ期及Ⅳ期各1例、2例为Ⅱ期。结论 血清AMA-M2抗体检测可作为临床诊断PBC的重要血清免疫学诊断指标。     

用重组M2三联体抗原建立原发性胆汁性肝硬化免疫检测法

目的 建立原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）特异性免疫学检测方法。方法 在重组质粒表达的基础上，用亲和层析进一步纯化重组蛋白后，用酶免疫吸附法检测M2抗体。结果 在PBC组11例患者哈部检出M2抗体，阳性率为1005，而非PBC组75例患者中无一检出M2抗体，本法与病理检查和临床诊断的相关性有非常显著意义（P＜0.01）。结论 本法检测M2抗体有较好的敏感性及特异性，为PBC的早期发现和临床诊断提供了有力的工具。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者线粒体抗体亚型

目的探讨原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）患者出现的线粒体抗体（AMA）亚型与PBC患者肝功能损伤的相关性。方法用间接免疫荧光法检测52例PBC患者的AMA抗体，用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测AMA的M2，M4和M9抗体。结果52例PBC患者AMA和M2抗体均为阳性，M4和M9抗体阳性例数分别是40例（76．9％）和11例（21．2％）。M4阳性的PBC患者的ALT、AST和IgM的水平明显高于M4阴性患者。M9阳性的PBC患者的ALT、AST和IgG的水平明显低于m9阴性患者。结论AMA-M2亚型抗体检测对PBC有诊断价值，M4和M9抗体的检测，对于PBC的病情判断有意义。     

M2抗体人源靶抗原三联体的克隆表达及其在原发性胆汁性肝硬化中的应用

目的 设计克隆表达抗原蛋白三联体BPO，利用纯化的重组BPO，建立原发性胆汁性肝硬化(primary biliary cirrhosis，PBC)特异性免疫学诊断方法。方法 利用基因工程方法克隆表达M2抗原及其三联体BP0，并加以鉴定。纯化BPO，建立ELISA法。应用ELISA法检测17例PBC患血清M2抗体，以167例非PBC患和1225例健康人作对照。结果 17例临床诊断为PBC的患，M2抗体均为阳性，而对照组M2抗体均为阴性。结论 本法检测M2抗体有较好的敏感性及特异性，为PBC的临床诊断提供了有效手段。     

抗M2-3E ELISA:一种新型、高效的PBC血清学诊断方法

原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)是一种免疫介导的慢性炎症性胆汁性肝病,其病因不明。AMA-M2是PBC患者最为灵敏和最为特异的诊断标志,高达94%的PBC患者显示AMA-M2阳性。AMA-M2抗体的靶抗及OADC,由BCOADC-E2、PDC-E2、OGDC-E2、PDC-E1t和PDC-E3结合蛋白组成。德国欧蒙公司(EUROIMMUN)率先把融合重组蛋白BPO与天然的PDC纯化抗原相混合,开发了新型的抗M2-3EELISA检测法。该系统与仅采用天然M2抗原包被或仅包被BPO的ELISA检测系统相比,拥有敏感性较高的优点。     

Atomic and electronic structure of solids of Ge2Br2PN,Ge2I2PN,Sn2Cl2PN,Sn2Br2PN and Sn2I2PN inorganic double helices: a first principles study

We report the results of density functional theory calculations on the atomic and electronic structure of solids formed by assembling A₂B₂PN (A = Ge and Sn, B = Cl, Br, and I) inorganic double helices. The calculations have been performed using a generalized gradient approximation for the exchange–correlation functional and including van der Waals interactions. Our results show that the double helices crystallize in a monoclinic lattice with van der Waals type weak interactions between the double helices. In all cases except Ge₂Cl₂PN, the solids are stable with a binding energy between the double helices ranging from 0.06 eV per atom to 0.09 eV per atom and inter-double helices separation of more than 3.33 Å. All the solids are semiconducting. Further calculations have been done by using meta-GGA with a modified Becke–Johnson functional to obtain better band gaps, which are found to lie in the range of 0.91 eV to 1.49 eV. In the case of Ge₂Br₂PN the solid is a direct band gap semiconductor although the isolated double helix has an indirect band gap and it is suggested to be interesting for photovoltaic, and other optoelectronic applications. The charge transfer between the atoms has been studied using Bader charge analysis and the DDEC6 method in the CHARGEMOL program, which suggests charge transfer from the outer helix to the inner helix.

We report the results of density functional theory calculations on the atomic and electronic structure of solids formed by assembling A₂B₂PN (A = Ge and Sn, B = Cl, Br, and I) inorganic double helices.     

Shape-dependent close-edge 2D-MoS2 nanobelts

Atomic-thin MoS₂ materials have attracted increasing attention due to their potentials in numerous fields. However, in 2D-MoS₂ sheets, the edge region usually has unique features differing from the interior region, which has potential application in enhancing catalysts and shape-dependent 2D-nanodevices. However, fabricating it cost-effectively is still very difficult. Here, we present one universal method to obtain various shape-dependent closed-edge 2D-MoS₂ nanobelts only using one simple step, and width of the MoS₂ nanobelts (minimum of 270 nm) were adjustable. Our strategy opens a new fabrication route for closed-edge 2D-MoS₂ nanobelts, and in principle, this method is also suitable for other CVD-grown 2D materials.

A very simple mechanical peeling method to obtain various closed and shape-dependent MoS₂ edge nanobelt.     

Efficient and stable transduction of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra by rAAV 2/1, 2/2, 2/5, 2/6.2, 2/7, 2/8 and 2/9

Dysfunction of the nigrostriatal system is the major cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). This brain region is therefore an important target for gene delivery aiming at disease modeling and gene therapy. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have been developed as efficient vehicles for gene transfer into the central nervous system. Recently, several serotypes have been described, with varying tropism for brain transduction. In light of the further development of a viral vector-mediated rat model for PD, we performed a comprehensive comparison of the transduction and tropism for dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the adult Wistar rat substantia nigra (SN) of seven rAAV vector serotypes (rAAV 2/1, 2/2, 2/5, 2/6.2, 2/7, 2/8 and 2/9). All vectors were normalized by titer and volume, and stereotactically injected into the SN. Gene expression was assessed non-invasively and quantitatively in vivo by bioluminescence imaging at 2 and 5 weeks after injection, and was found to be stable over time. Immunohistochemistry at 6 weeks following injection revealed the most widespread enhanced green fluorescence protein expression and the highest number of positive nigral cells using rAAV 2/7, 2/9 and 2/1. The area transduced by rAAV 2/8 was smaller, but nevertheless almost equal numbers of nigral cells were targeted. Detailed confocal analysis revealed that serotype 2/7, 2/9, 2/1 and 2/8 transduced at least 70% of the DNs. In conclusion, these results show that various rAAV serotypes efficiently transduce nigral DNs, but significant differences in transgene expression pattern and level were observed.     

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunotherapy

Various forms of immunotherapy have been employed for the treatment of cancer patients during the past 5 years, with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) having been widely used in these treatment regimes. The progress of IL-2 immunotherapy is discussed.     

A novel red-emitting phosphor Mg2Y2Al2Si2O12:Ce3+/Mn2+ for blue chip-based white LEDs

Traditional white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (blue chip + YAG:Ce³⁺ yellow phosphor) have the limitation of red deficiency, which limits their application in the illumination field. The single cation/anion substitution or co-doping of activators can increase the red component; however, the large energy loss is attributed to the ultra-long Stokes shift and energy transfer. This work attempts to utilize the short-distance Stokes shift and a small amount of energy transfer to increase the red component in two steps. First, based on a large number of previous research results, the Mg₂Y₂Al₂Si₂O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphor is selected. Second, additional enhancement of the red component in the emission spectrum was achieved by ion co-doping Mn²⁺ into Mg₂Y₂Al₂Si₂O₁₂:Ce³⁺. The emission peaks for samples Mg₂Y₂Al₂Si₂O₁₂:Ce³⁺,Mn²⁺ shift from 600 to 635 nm with increase in the concentration of Mn²⁺, and the emission spectra intensity of Mg_1.97Y_1.93Al₂Si₂O₁₂:0.07 Ce³⁺,0.03 Mn²⁺ anomalously increased by ∼37%, which was attributed to the increase in the distance between Ce³⁺ ions because of the doping of Mn²⁺ ions, and reduction in the concentration of defects in the crystal, resulting in the energy loss decreases of Ce³⁺. The emission peak of Mg_1.97Y_1.93Al₂Si₂O₁₂:0.07 Ce³⁺,0.03 Mn²⁺ shifts to 618 nm and the quantum efficiency was as high as 83.07%. Furthermore, this sample has high thermal stability and the emission intensity was still 80.14% at 120 °C. As such, it has great potential in the application of white LEDs.

The change of the emission spectra of Mg_1.93Y_2-xAl₂Si₂O₁₂:0.07Ce³⁺, xMn²⁺ originates from the change of the structure and the energy transfer between ions.