用重组M2三联体抗原建立原发性胆汁性肝硬化免疫检测法

目的 建立原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）特异性免疫学检测方法。方法 在重组质粒表达的基础上，用亲和层析进一步纯化重组蛋白后，用酶免疫吸附法检测M2抗体。结果 在PBC组11例患者哈部检出M2抗体，阳性率为1005，而非PBC组75例患者中无一检出M2抗体，本法与病理检查和临床诊断的相关性有非常显著意义（P＜0.01）。结论 本法检测M2抗体有较好的敏感性及特异性，为PBC的早期发现和临床诊断提供了有力的工具。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化特异性AMAM2抗体在5 011名体检者中的筛查分析

目的：在健康体检者中筛查原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)特异性AMAM2抗体，并对AMAM2抗体阳性者进行分析。方法：设计克隆表达了一抗原蛋白三联体，命名为BPO，它包含了AMAM2抗体识别的人源BCOADC-E2、PDC-E2和OGDC-E2的抗原表位片断。利用纯化的重组BPO，建立了PBC特异性免疫学诊断方法。ELISA法筛查5011名体检者，进一步分析AMAM2抗体阳性者的生化和免疫指标。超声检查或ERCP检查排除非PBC异常。结果：5011名体检者中有8名AMAM2抗体阳性(阳性率0.16％、)，其中7名为女性，1名为男性，年龄均在40岁以上。4名AMAM2抗体阳性者有不明原因的碱性磷酸酶和γ-谷氨酸转肽酶的增高，虽无PBC的临床症状(如疲劳，皮肤瘙痒或黄疽)，但其中有3名符合美国肝脏病学会推荐的PBC诊断标准。有两名行肝穿刺检查，均符合PBC病理学特征。结论：无症状PBC患者在中国并不少见。     

抗线粒体抗体M2亚型抗体三种检测方法的比较及其对原发性胆汁性肝硬化的诊断价值研究

目的 比较三种方法检测抗线粒体抗体M2亚型(AMA-M2)抗体在原发性胆汁性肝硬化诊断中的应用价值.方法 分别用以丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体(PDC)为靶抗原的ELISA法;以三联体(BPO)为靶抗原的ELISA法;以天然M2抗原和BPO融合蛋白M2-3E(BPO)为靶抗原的ELISA法检测原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者,自身免疫性疾病患者和健康体检者血清中的AMA-M2抗体.结果 以PDC为靶抗原的ELISA法测定AMA-M2抗体检出率(敏感性)达81.25%,特异性达97.15%;以BPO为靶抗原的ELISA法测定AMA-M2抗体检出率(敏感性)达88.54%,特异性达98.37%;以M2-3E(BPO)为靶抗原的ELISA法测定AMA-M2抗体检出率(敏感性)达96.88%,特异性达97.15%.结论 包被有天然M2抗原和BPO融合蛋白这两种抗原联合制备的三联体检测AMA-M2抗体的阳性率最高,特异性达到97.15%,为原发性胆汁性脉硬化的诊断提供了简便、快速而有效的手段.     

利用重组人源靶抗原二联体OP检测M2抗体及临床意义

目的 利用重组抗原检测自身免疫病患者血清中抗OP自身抗体并探讨其临床意义。方法 经Ni-NTA柱纯化表达重组OP融合蛋白作为抗原，分别用免疫印迹法（IBT）和酶链免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测70份PBC患者血清，80份其它肝病患者血清，80份自身免疫病患者血清和100份正常人血清。结果 70份PBC患者血清中检测出阳性患者62例，阴性8例，阳性率为87．6％。其它肝病患者血清、自身免疫病患者血清和正常人血清均为阴性。重组抗原检测M2抗体有一定的敏感性。结论 利用重组抗原OP检测M2抗体，有较好的敏感性及特异性，有助于PBC的临床诊断。     

M2抗体重组人源靶抗原二联体在原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者中的检测及应用

目的 利用重组抗原BCOADA-E2和PDC-E2的二联体（BP），检测PBC患者血清中的M2抗体并探讨其临床意义。方法 经Ni—NTA亲和柱纯化重组表达的BP融合蛋白，分别建立免疫印迹法（IBT）和酶链免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测60份PBC患者血清，以60份其他肝病患者、60份自身免疫病患者、80例正常人血清为对照组。结果 经常规试剂盒检测为M2（＋）的60份患者血清，利用重组抗原检测阳性53例，阴性7例，阳性率为88．3％；经常规试剂盒检测为M2（-）的60份自身免疫病患者血清、60份其他肝病患者和80例正常人血清，利用重组抗原检测为M2（-）。结论 利用重组抗原BP检测M2抗体敏感性较高。对临床辅助诊断PBC提供一定的手段。     

核包膜蛋白gp210、p62和LBR自身抗原基因克隆表达及其抗体诊断原发性胆汁性肝硬化的价值初探

目的克隆人核包膜蛋白自身抗原gp210、p62和LBR基因，构建重组表达质粒，获得具免疫学活性的纯化重组蛋白，建立酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA），初探抗核包膜蛋白gp210、p62和LBR自身抗体在原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）诊断中的意义。方法构建重组表达载体，在大肠杆菌BL21、M15中表达；融合蛋白经Ni—NAT树脂柱进行亲和层析纯化，并通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）及免疫印迹法（WB）进行免疫活性鉴定；应用表达蛋白建立间接ELISA，检测60名健康体检者、68例原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）、60例病毒性肝炎、60例结缔组织病患者血清中抗gp210、p62和LBR抗体。结果经重组质粒测序和酶切结果证实，gp210、p62和LBR目的基因已正确插入原核表达载体中，基因序列正确，符合表达框架；SDS-PAGE检测表达产物分别在69000、62000和27000处有一明显的蛋白表达条带，WB分析表明重组蛋白具有人gp210、p62和LBR抗原反应性。ELISA检测标本血清结果显示，PBC中，抗gp210抗体、抗p62抗体和抗LBR抗体阳性率分别为36．8％、30．9％和5．9％；而病毒性肝炎组、结缔组织病组和健康体检组中，除抗gp210抗体在结缔组织病患者中阳性率为1．7％外，3种自身抗体检测结果均为阴性。PBC组3种自身抗体阳性率与疾病对照组及正常对照组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。结论本研究成功克隆人核包膜蛋白自身抗原gp210、p62和LBR基因，并将其在大肠杆菌中成功表达。应用纯化融合蛋白建立的ELISA检测抗gp210抗体、抗p62抗体和抗LBR抗体，对PBC具有较好特异性，为PBC的特异性临床诊断提供了有效的工具。     

用重组丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位检测M2抗体及其临床意义

目的用重组表达的丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位（PDC-E2）检测M2抗体，以利于原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）的早期诊断。方法采用重组表达的PDC—E2建立了免疫印迹法（IBT）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）。检测40例PBC患者血清的M2抗体，以其他肝病患者、自身免疫病患者、健康体检者作对照。结果40例PBC患者血清中检测出抗PDC—E2抗体阳性37例，阴性3例，阳性率为92．5％，而疾病对照组和健康体检者血清中该抗体检测均为阴性。结论用重组表达的人PDC-E2检测抗体有较好的敏感性和特异性，有助于PBC的临床诊断。     

用重组丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位检测M2抗体及其临床意义

目的用重组表达的丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位(PDC-E2)检测M2抗体,以利于原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)的早期诊断。方法采用重组表达的PDC-E2建立了免疫印迹法(IBT)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)。检测40例PBC患者血清的M2抗体,以其他肝病患者、自身免疫病患者、健康体检者作对照。结果40例PBC患者血清中检测出抗PDC-E2抗体阳性37例,阴性3例,阳性率为92.5%,而疾病对照组和健康体检者血清中该抗体检测均为阴性。结论用重组表达的人PDC-E2检测抗体有较好的敏感性和特异性,有助于PBC的临床诊断。     

1种改良的高效单特异性兔多克隆抗体的制备方法

目的建立1种改良的高效单特异性兔多克隆抗体的制备方法。方法用RT-PCR方法获得bax保守N端1～123位氨基酸基因片段,并将其插入pET42a原核表达载体,诱导表达的Bax融合蛋白组合应用GST、His亲和层析技术获得免疫原(pET42a/Bax融合蛋白),HPLC鉴定纯度达95%。利用改良快速免疫法获得人Bax兔多克隆抗体,并经蛋白A柱亲和层析技术,抗原亲和纯化技术获得高效价高特异性的抗体。间接ELISA检测抗体滴度、Western blot和免疫组化试验检测抗体特异性,并与商业化抗体进行对比。结果通过快速免疫法得到人Bax兔多克隆抗体,经过Protein A柱纯化,再经抗原亲和纯化后,间接ELISA证明,抗体效价均达1:51 200;Western blot显示,只有经过抗原亲和纯化后的抗体特异性高,无其他杂带;免疫组化证明,在原发性肝癌组织中,人Bax兔多克隆抗体能特异地和内源性Bax结合,其高效高特异性已达国外Santa Cruse公司Bax商业化抗体水平。结论快速免疫法与抗原亲和纯化相结合,获得人Bax高效单特异性兔多克隆抗体,建立了1种改良的高效单特异性兔多克隆抗体的制备方法。     

自身抗原gp210融合蛋白的重组表达及其临床应用研究

目的 重组表达人核包膜蛋白自身抗原gp210融合蛋白,以用于原发性胆汁性肝硬化（PBC）的临床诊断和病情监测。方法 针对基因库中人gp210的cDNA序列设计引物,从正常人的淋巴细胞中提取RNA,通过反转录PCR方法扩增得到相应的基因片段,经测定序列验证后插入表达载体PET28a（＋）,构建重组表达载体PET28a（＋）-gp210,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）后诱导表达蛋白质,并经SDS-PAGE、Western-blot鉴定重组表达的gp210融合蛋白,进一步经Ni2＋亲合层析柱纯化。应用重组gp210融合蛋白建立间接ELISA,检测PBC患者血清中的抗gp210抗体。结果 经核苷酸序列测定和酶切鉴定结果表明,成功地构建了PET28a（＋）-gp210重组质粒。经SDS-PAGE、Western-blot鉴定,获得了具有免疫原性的重组gp210融合蛋白。经ELISA检测,PBC患者中抗gp210抗体的阳性率为40.5%,与疾病对照组及正常对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。PBC患者临床资料分析表明,抗gp210阳性患者中IgM浓度显著高于抗gp210阴性患者;经UDCA治疗后,28位PBC患者中,3例抗gp210抗体由阳性转为阴性,9例抗gp210抗体持续阳性,1例抗gp210抗体由阴性转为阳性,16例抗gp210抗体持续阴性;其他临床症状与抗gp210抗体无显著相关。结论 应用重组gp210融合蛋白建立ELISA检测自身抗体,对PBC诊断具有较好的特异性,为PBC的临床诊断和病情监测提供了有力依据。     

Detection of autoantibodies against M2, LKM-1, and SLA in liver diseases by standardized uniform ELISA-techniques

Antibodies directed against soluble liver antigen (SLA), liver kidney microsomal antigen (LKM-1-AG), and antimitochondrial antigen M2 (M2-AMA) are critical serological markers for the differential diagnosis of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AI-CAH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The exact diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and PBC is of great clinical relevance, as it leads to different therapeutic strategies. In the present work, a simple and reliable ELISA test system is described, which applies the same test principle for the detection of three different species of autoantibodies important for the diagnosis of chronic liver disease. The ELISA assays are based on a competitive inhibition of binding of positive standard antibodies by patients sera containing antibodies of unknown specificity. The purified immunoglobulins of clinically and serologically clearly defined patients with SLA or LKM-1 positive AI-CAH and with M2 positive PBC were used as coating- and detection antibodies in the ELISAs. From homogenized rat liver the fractionated 100,000g supernatant was employed for the SLA ELISA, the microsomal preparation served as antigen for the LKM-1 ELISA and the mitochondrial preparation was used for the M2 ELISA. In 1,500 sera of patients with the differential diagnosis of a hepatobiliary disease, 17 gave a positive signal in the SLA ELISA, 12 in the LKM-1-ELISA, and 72 in the M2-ELISA. The results of the ELISAs were compared with Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining pattern on cryostat sections and Hep2 cells. The antibody profiles of several patients are described in detail. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

用ELISA检测抗丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2和E3结合蛋白自身抗体

目的　用重组丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E2亚单位和E3结合蛋白 (PDC E2 ,PDC E3BP)建立筛查原发性胆汁性肝硬化 (PBC)患者相应自身抗体的ELISA。方法　用本室制备的重组PDC E2和PDC E3BP蛋白包被酶联反应板 ,检测PBC患者、正常人及其他肝病患者血清。结果　组建成筛查PBC患者血清中自身抗体的试剂盒 ,能够准确地检测PBC患者血清中的自身抗体。结论　建立的试剂盒能用于PBC患者血清中丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物自身抗体的检测。     

The E1 alpha and beta subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are M2'd' and M2'e' autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis

1. Sera from 76 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 66 control subjects (53 with chronic liver disease and 13 healthy normal women) were immuno-blotted against purified E1 component of bovine pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and bacterial PDC. 2. Thirty-one out of seventy-six (41%) sera from PBC patients showed a positive response to bovine E1 alpha, and five of these 31 (7% of total) reacted with bovine E1 beta. None of the control sera reacted with bovine E1 alpha or beta. 3. None of the PBC sera that recognized bovine E1 subunits reacted with bacterial PDC E1. 4. In the PBC patients there was no correlation between presence of antibodies to E1 alpha and beta subunits and histological stage of the disease. 5. Our data demonstrate that the E1 alpha and beta components of mammalian PDC are the M2'd' and 'e' mitochondrial autoantigens, respectively.     

Evaluation of newly developed ELISA using "MESACUP-2 test mitochondrial M2" kit for the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis

OBJECTIVES: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using MESACUP-2 Test Mitochondria M2 kit (new-M2 ELISA) has recently become commercially available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of this newly developed ELISA for the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). DESIGN AND METHODS: We tested the immunoreactivity of sera from 82 Japanese PBC patients to the 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complex (2-OADC) enzymes by indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme inhibition assay using commercially available TRACE Enzymatic Mitochondrial Antibody (M2) Assay (EMA) kit, commercial ELISAs using MESACUP Mitochondria M2 kit (old-M2 ELISA) and new-M2 ELISA, and immunoblotting on bovine heart mitochondria. RESULTS: Each test gave the following positive results; antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) by immunofluorescence in 71 (87%) out of the 82 sera, enzymatic inhibitory antibody to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) by EMA in 61 (74%), immunoglobulin (Ig) G class anti-PDC antibody by old-M2 ELISA in 55 (67%), IgG/M/A class anti-E2 subunit of PDC (PDC-E2)/anti-E2 subunit of branched chain oxo-acid dehydrogenase complex (BCOADC-E2)/anti-E2 subunit of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC-E2) antibodies by new-M2 ELISA in 73 (89%), and IgG, IgM, or IgA class antibodies against at least one of the 2-OADC enzymes by immunoblotting in 82 (100%). Fifty-three of the 82 sera (65%) were all positive by these five assays. Of the 18 sera that were positive by new-M2 ELISA but negative by old-M2 ELISA, 12 were theoretically interpretable. Of the 11 sera that were negative for AMA by immunofluorescence but positive for at least one of anti-2-OADC enzymes by immunoblotting, four (36%) were positive by new-M2 ELISA, whereas only two and one sera were positive by EMA and old-M2 ELISA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that the sensitivity of the newly developed new-M2 ELISA was higher than that of EMA and old-M2 ELISA, and comparable with that of immunofluorescence. However, it is still unclear whether the new-M2 ELISA could replace the conventional immunofluorescence testing for routine assay requests because six (7%) sera showed discrepant results between these two assays.     

人类基因组编码蛋白高通量芯片筛选原发性胆汁性肝硬化血清标志物

目的 探讨用人类基因组编码蛋白高通量芯片(以下简称"高通量蛋白芯片")筛选出有诊断价值的PBC血清标志物的应用价值.方法 用高通量蛋白芯片(包含17 718个人类基因编码蛋白,共有38 400个蛋白点)筛选21例PBC患者、20例疾病对照患者(AIH 7例,病毒性肝炎8例,其他自身免疫性疾病5例)和10名健康对照者血清,并用生物信息学软件提取筛选信息后,经统计软件分析确定有价值的诊断PBC的血清标志物.结果 用抗GST抗体对高通量蛋白芯片进行检测的结果显示,该芯片蛋白点的检出率为97.6%,蛋白复点间检测信号强度的相关系数为0.98.用高通量蛋白芯片从PBC组、疾病对照组和健康对照组中筛选出4个差异有统计学意义的标志物(PDHA1、DBT、DLAT和HK1),他们在3组中的阳性率分别为66.67%(14/21)、5.00%(1/20)和0(0/10),57.14%(12/21)、5.00%(1/20)和0(0/10),52.38%(11/21)、0(0/20)和0(0/10),52.38%(11/21)、0(0/20)和0(0/10);3组4项指标分别比较的差异均有统计学意义(PDHA1:x2=16.79,P＜0.01;Fisher精确检验,P=0.000;DBT:x2=12.86,P＜0.01;Fisher精确检验,P=0.004;DLAT和HK1:Fisher精确检验,P均分别为0.01、0.05).其中,针对PDHA1、DBT和DLAT蛋白的抗体为现已使用的PBC标志物-AMA-M2组成部分;针对HK1蛋白的抗体为新发现的PBC标志物,其对PBC的诊断敏感度为52.38%,特异度为100.00%.AMA-M2阳性与AMA-M2阴性PBC患者中未发现差异有统计学意义的血清标志物.经Fisher精确检验,ACA阳性与ACA阴性PBC患者间仅针对着丝粒B(CENPB)蛋白的抗体差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确检验,P=0.000).结论 高通量蛋白芯片是一种快速全面筛选诊断PBC标志物的技术.针对HK1蛋白的抗体对PBC具有较好的敏感度和特异度,可作为PBC新标志物.AMA-M2阳性与AMA-M2阴性PBC患者间未发现具有统计学意义的血清标志物,而针对CENPB蛋白的抗体可作为ACA阳性与ACA阴性PBC患者筛选的标志物.     

抗线粒体抗体M2在原发性干燥综合征中的阳性率及临床意义

目的探讨抗线粒体抗体M2在原发性干燥综合征中的阳性率及其临床意义。方法 158例原发性干燥综合征患者,收集患者一般资料,自身抗体、r球蛋白、肝功能、肝活检情况并采用酶联免疫吸附方法检测抗线粒体抗体M2。结果 158例患者,抗线粒体抗体M2阳性41例(25.9%),其中强阳性15例(9.5%),弱阳性26例(16.5%)。肝功能异常40例(25.3%)。共确诊原发性胆汁性肝硬化17例(10.8%)。结论抗线粒体抗体M2在原发性干燥综合征患者中阳性率较高,强阳性对诊断原发性胆汁性肝硬化有重要意义,对弱阳性患者需要长期随诊观察。     

Studies of possible antiidiotypic control mechanisms in Graves' disease

Serum from 55 patients with active Graves' disease and 55 patients who had received successful treatment (in whom the disease was inactive) were examined for the presence of possible antiidiotypic antibodies with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-F(ab')2. Murine IgG monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and human TSH receptors were also used as antigens in parallel ELISA assays. Patients with active and patients with inactive Graves' disease showed elevations of IgG anti-F(ab')2 antibodies when compared with normal controls. Similarly, both active and inactive Graves' disease sera showed higher levels of IgG anti-LE4, a mouse Mab to human TSH, than was seen with normal controls. However, F(ab')2 isolated from sera reacting with LE4 in the ELISA did not inhibit binding of the LE4 Mab with labeled TSH in a fluid phase competition assay. Patients with inactive Graves' disease showed higher ELISA reactivity with two different murine anti-TSH receptor Mabs than was recorded with either active Graves' or normal controls. A rough inverse correlation was noted between strongly positive ELISA reactions against these two Mabs with anti-TSH receptor specificity and the ability of immunoglobulins from inactive Graves' sera to stimulate increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the normal rat thyroid cell line assay. Untreated Graves' sera showing high cAMP release only rarely showed elevated ELISA reactivity against Mabs with anti-TSH receptor activity.