交替嵌段型BAMO-AMMO热塑性弹性体的性能

以3,3′-双叠氮甲基环氧丁烷-3-叠氮甲基-3′-甲基环氧丁烷(BAMO-AMMO)三嵌段共聚物为预聚物,甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为扩链剂,采用溶液法合成了交替嵌段型BAMO-AMMO热塑性弹性体,并进行了结构和相关性能的表征。结果表明,弹性体中叠氮基团与氨基甲酸酯形成氢键作用,氢键键合氨基与自由氨基的摩尔比为3.56∶1。弹性体的数均相对分子质量为30432;随着扩链剂含量(w(TDI+BDO))的增加,Tg逐渐升高;TDI和BDO的质量分数为20%时,Tg为-42.14℃,拉伸强度可达9.21 MPa,断裂伸长率为375%,蠕变恢复时间为200s,其最小形变值为0.1%,具有良好的抗蠕变性和蠕变恢复能力。     

BAMO-AMMO三嵌段共聚物的间接法合成及表征

以3,3′-双溴甲基环氧丁烷(BBMO)和3-溴甲基-3’-甲基环氧丁烷(BrMMO)为单体,通过活性顺序聚合法合成了BBMO-BrMMO三嵌段共聚物,并采用相转移催化法实现了3,3′-双叠氮甲基环氧丁烷-3-叠氮甲基-3′-甲基环氧丁烷(BAMO-AMMO)三嵌段共聚物的间接法合成。探讨了溶剂的选择及叠氮化反应时间的影响:选用极性和溶度参数接近的异亚丙基丙酮为溶剂,24 h后叠氮化率为99.97%。通过核磁共振(13C-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对所得产物进行了表征,结果表明,共聚物组成接近于1∶1,分子量7053,分子量分布1.47。     

相转移催化法合成pAMMO均聚物

以3-溴甲基-3′-甲基环氧丁烷(BrMMO)为单体,通过阳离子开环聚合合成了3-溴甲基-3′-甲基环氧丁烷均聚物(pBrMMO),然后用相转移催化法对pBrMMO进行大分子叠氮化反应,得到了含能粘合剂3-叠氮甲基-3′-甲基环氧丁烷均聚物(pAMMO)。探讨了聚合反应温度以及叠氮化反应时间的影响,确定了0℃进行聚合反应所得pBrMMO产率较高,分子量可控,分子量分布较窄;叠氮化反应30 h后可叠氮化完全。采用核磁共振(1H-NMR)进行了结构确认。同时,通过热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对所得产物进行了表征。结果表明,pAMMO的热分解存在两个阶段,玻璃化转变温度为-44.54℃。     

含金属氢化物的p(BAMO-AMMO)基推进剂能量特性

为了考察金属氢化物(MH)对3,3-二叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷(BAMO)与3-甲基-3-叠氮甲氧基氧杂环丁烷(AMMO)嵌段共聚物p(BAMO-AMMO)基推进剂的能量特性影响,设计了高氯酸铵(AP)、MH、p(BAMO-AMMO)组成的三组元推进剂配方体系,计算了用不同的MH逐步取代AP时的标准理论比冲变化规律,同时计算并比较了含六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)的四组元p(BAMO-AMMO)基推进剂配方体系的标准理论比冲。研究发现AlH3对提升推进剂能量效果最为明显,以其取代25%(质量分数)AP的三组元推进剂和取代20%(质量分数)AP的四组元推进剂能量分别达到最高值(2764.9 N·s/kg和2829.3 N·s/kg);当AlH3完全取代某实际推进剂配方中的Al时,推进剂的标准理论比冲提高了5.1%。     

BAMO/GAP无规共聚物的合成与表征

采用1,4-丁二醇-三氟化硼乙醚(BDO/BTFE)体系通过阳离子开环聚合合成了3,3-二溴甲基氧丁环/环氧氯丙烷(BBMO/ECH)无规共聚物,再通过叠氮化反应,得到3,3-二叠氮甲基氧丁环/叠氮缩水甘油醚(BAMO/GAP)无规共聚物。通过反应条件优化,确定了阳离子开环反应的最佳条件是n(BTFE)∶n(BDO)=1∶2,反应温度15℃。通过红外光谱(FT-IR),核磁共振(13C-NMR),凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和差示扫描量热(DSC)对其进行了表征。BAMO/GAP无规共聚物的-Mn=1750,分子量分布1.12,齐聚物含量约为22%;DSC结果证明,其玻璃化转变为-57.68℃,无结晶性。     

含ADN或TKX-50的叠氮高能固体推进剂能量特性分析

利用最小自由能法研究了叠氮类［如聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)、3,3’-双叠氮甲基氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PBT)、聚3-甲基-3-叠氮甲基环氧丁烷(PAMMO）］高能固体推进剂的能量特性参数,重点研究了二硝酰胺铵(ADN)和5,5’-联四唑-1,1’-二氧二羟铵(TKX-50)在不同固体填料配比下对推进剂能量特性的影响规律。结果表明:在高固含量的叠氮推进剂中,用ADN取代高氯酸铵(AP),由于燃烧产物平均相对分子量降低,推进剂比冲提高;叠氮类推进剂能量由大到小为GAP、PBT、PAMMO;TKX-50用于叠氮类高能固体推进剂中,由于体系内的负氧平衡问题,TKX-50与奥克托今(HMX)、AP或ADN间存在能量的最优配比。用TKX-50完全取代HMX时,ADN/TKX-50/Al推进剂的理论比冲为2 790.6 N?s/kg,比ADN/HMX/Al推进剂的理论比冲增加了30.7 N?s/kg。     

PBAMO-GAP-PBAMO三嵌段共聚物的制备及表征EI北大核心CSCD

以三氟化硼四氢呋喃络合物(BF_3·THF)为催化剂,用端羟基聚环氧氯丙烷(PECH)大分子引发3,3-双氯甲基氧杂环丁烷(BCMO)开环聚合得到三嵌段共聚醚,再经过叠氮化反应得到聚3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-聚叠氮缩水甘油醚-聚3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷(PBAMO-GAP-PBAMO)三嵌段共聚物。采用红外光谱、核磁共振碳谱、凝胶渗透色谱和差示扫描量热分析等对产物的结构和性能进行了测试和表征。对聚合反应和叠氮化反应的条件进行了研究,结果表明,聚合反应时间为8 h、PECH与BCMO的质量比为1∶2,并以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺作叠氮化反应溶剂时,得到的聚合产物相对分子质量可达6242,叠氮取代率达98.2%;产物的玻璃化转变温度为-46.1℃,热分解温度为235. 1℃。     

PBAMO-GAP-PBAMO三嵌段共聚物的制备及表征

以三氟化硼四氢呋喃络合物(BF_3·THF)为催化剂,用端羟基聚环氧氯丙烷(PECH)大分子引发3,3-双氯甲基氧杂环丁烷(BCMO)开环聚合得到三嵌段共聚醚,再经过叠氮化反应得到聚3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷-聚叠氮缩水甘油醚-聚3,3-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷(PBAMO-GAP-PBAMO)三嵌段共聚物。采用红外光谱、核磁共振碳谱、凝胶渗透色谱和差示扫描量热分析等对产物的结构和性能进行了测试和表征。对聚合反应和叠氮化反应的条件进行了研究,结果表明,聚合反应时间为8 h、PECH与BCMO的质量比为1∶2,并以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺作叠氮化反应溶剂时,得到的聚合产物相对分子质量可达6242,叠氮取代率达98.2%;产物的玻璃化转变温度为-46.1℃,热分解温度为235. 1℃。     

PBAMO的热分解反应机理

采用无模型法对聚3,3-双叠氮甲基环氧丁烷(PBAMO)的热分解反应动力学进行了计算,并用热重-红外-质谱(TG-IR-MS)联用技术研究了其热分解反应产物。PBAMO表现出了独特的热分解过程,TG曲线中在210℃~270℃叠氮基团的分解失重之后没有第二个明显的失重台阶;PBAMO第一阶段的热分解活化能为150 kJ/mol,当分解率大于0.4时,活化能降为负值。TG-IR-MS结果表明,在叠氮基团分解时释放的热量加速了剩余氮原子的氧化还原过程,主要产物形式为NO,主链中的氧原子被消耗掉,从而导致了碳链骨架的大量残留。     

碳纳米管/P(E-CO-T)热固性聚氨酯弹性体的制备及性能研究

以羟基化碳纳米管(CNT-OH)为交联剂,环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(P(E-CO-T))为预聚物,甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为固化剂,制备了碳纳米管(CNT)交联改性的P(E-CO-T)热固性聚氨酯弹性体,并进行了相关性能表征。当CNT-OH的质量分数为1.5%时(质量分数),弹性体拉伸强度可达12MPa,延伸率为750%;溶度参数为21.43J1/2/mL1/2,与常用硝酸酯增塑剂的溶度参数相差均小于2J1/2/mL1/2,表现出良好的相溶性;玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为-50℃;在玻璃化转变区域,弹性体的储能模量(E’)降低,损耗模量(E’)出现峰值,力学损耗(tanδ)不断增大。在-18℃~20℃之间E’出现肩峰,归属于氨基甲酸酯硬段的玻璃化转变。     

UV固化聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯水性上光油的合成

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、聚醚二元醇(DL-1000)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为主要原料,合成纸张上光油UV固化聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(PUA)乳液。用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和激光纳米粒度仪等对其进行了表征,讨论了TDI/DL-1000摩尔比、-COOH含量、NCO/OH摩尔比和光引发剂等因素对乳液及涂膜性能的影响。研究表明,TDI/DL-1000的摩尔比为4,-COOH含量为2.1%(wt),NCO/OH的摩尔比为1.5时,制得的乳液的外观好,具有较高的光泽度和硬度,良好的耐水性和柔韧性等优异性能。使用TPO和184复配光引发剂且用量为3%(wt,下同)时光油固化速度最佳。     

黏合剂活性基团对HTPB推进剂力学性能的影响机制

为了研究端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)固体推进剂中黏合剂体系在储存过程中容易发生化学反应的基团的活性特点,寻找合适途径抑制推进剂老化,从而延长火箭发动机的储存寿命,本文中通过量子化学理论计算以及红外光谱和力学性能测试等实验方法,研究了甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)/HTPB黏合剂中的活性基团在自然储存条件下可能发生的化学变化及其对HTPB推进剂力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,HTPB推进剂中黏合剂分子易发生反应的部位应为C=C键或氨基甲酸酯基团,在推进剂的加速老化和自然储存过程中,C=C键氧化分解引起的黏合剂网络结构破坏,是导致推进剂力学性能下降的主要原因。     

NIR Activated Multimodal Therapeutics Based on Metal–Phenolic Networks-Functionalized Nanoplatform for Combating against Multidrug Resistance and Metastasis

Multidrug resistance (MDR) and metastasis in cancer have become increasingly serious problems since antitumor efficiency is greatly restricted by a single therapeutic modality and the insensitive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, metal–phenolic network-functionalized nanoparticles (t-P@TFP NPs) are designed to realize multiple therapeutic modalities and reshape the TME from insensitive to sensitive under multimodal imaging monitoring. After a single irradiation, a near-infrared laser-activated multistage reaction occurs. t-P@TFP NPs trigger the phase transition of perfluoropentane (PFP) to release tannic acid (TA)/ferric ion (Fe³⁺)-coated paclitaxel (PTX) and cause hyperthermia in the tumor region to efficiently kill cancer cells. Additionally, PTX is released after the disassembly of the TA-Fe³⁺ film by the abundant adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the malignant tumor, which concurrently inhibits ATP-dependent drug efflux to improve sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Furthermore, hyperthermia-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) transforms “cold” tumors into “hot” tumors with the assistance of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to evoke antitumor immunogenicity. This work carefully reveals the mechanisms underlying the abilities of these multifunctional NPs, providing new insights into combating the proliferation and metastasis of multidrug-resistant tumors.     

气相二氧化硅的异氰酸酯改性及其对浇注型聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响

为了改善气相二氧化硅(FS)/浇注型聚氨酯(PU)体系成型流动性,在制备预聚体的过程中,采用2, 4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)进行改性获得异氰酸酯改性的二氧化硅(NCO@FS),通过原位聚合法制备了NCO@FS/PU弹性体复合材料。采用FTIR、XPS及动态接触角对NCO@FS及FS进行了表征。结果表明：FS的表面羟基与TDI的-NCO基团发生反应生成了氨酯基(-NHCOO),改善了FS与PU间的界面相容性及界面结合。复合材料中NCO@FS质量分数为1.5wt%时,NCO@FS/PU复合材料的拉伸和撕裂强度分别为57 MPa和110.5 kN/m,比纯浇注型PU分别提高了31.6%和23.6%;玻璃化转变温度由3.4℃下降到-11.2℃,损耗因子tanδ由0.59下降到0.46。异氰酸酯改性FS适合制备FS增强浇注型聚氨酯复合材料。     

Numerical evaluation on heat transport characteristics between Al2O3 and ZnO materials in nanoscale situation

The aim of this article is to provide a systematic method to perform numerical evaluation on the cross-plane thermal conductivity of Al(2)O(3)/ZnO film interface. The Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (EMD) simulations method is used to investigate the cross-plane thermal conductivity of Al(2)O(3)/ZnO film interface along the direction of Z axis at different equilibrium temperature and film interface thickness. The Buckingham two-body potential function and Green-Kubo linear response theory are used for modeling and calculation. The results show that the size effect is obvious. It implies the film interface thickness is 23.4-52 ? and the equilibrium temperature is 300-600 K. The cross section thermal conductivity of Al(2)O(3)/ZnO film interface increases with the increase of interface thickness, and decreases with the increase in equilibrium temperature.     

Influence of ionic strength in the adsorption and during photocatalysis of reactive black 5 azo dye on TiO2 coated on non woven paper with SiO2 as a binder

Reactive black 5 (RB5), an azo dye, was degraded by using UV-irradiated TiO(2) coated on non woven paper with SiO(2) as a binder. The adsorption capacity of the photocatalyst was studied at natural pH, superior to pH(pzc) of the binder, for various ionic strengths. Different salts such as NaCl, KCl, CaCl(2), LiCl, Ca(NO(3))(2) were used to increase the ionic strength. The presence of salt increased the adsorption capacity. The electrostatic interactions between dye and oxide surface charges (TiO(2)/SiO(2)) is very important in the adsorption phenomena. The effect of the ionic strength of the solution on photocatalyst degradation was studied. The rate of degradation was increased by the presence of salts in the range of the experimental conditions. The increase of the initial decolorization rate was observed in the following order: Ca(2+)>K(+)>Na(+)>Li(+). Experiments with different anions (Cl(-), NO(3)(-)) had shown that nitrate was an indifferent electrolyte for the adsorption and photodegradation of the dye on SiO(2)/TiO(2).     

GAP/PET聚氨酯粘合剂胶片的制备及其性能研究

为改善聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)推进剂的力学性能,选用链段柔软的环氧乙烷/四氢呋喃共聚醚(PET),采用三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为交联剂,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为固化剂,与GAP制备聚氨酯粘合剂胶片.实验结果表明:在R为1.9,GAP:PET:TMP羟基比为1:1:3条件下,粘合剂胶片拉伸强度为3.29MPa,延伸率为625.07%.粘合剂胶片经硝化甘油/一缩二乙二醇二硝酸酯增塑后,其力学性能变化较大.在增塑比为0.5～2.1范围内,增塑胶片的Tg符合方程:Y=-77.60233+36.45135exp(-x/0.055019).     

Effects of a binder on properties of taeniolite-acriflavine complex films before and after carbonization

Taeniolite-acriflavine complex films (about 10 m in thickness) with less than 2 wt % of aluminium phosphate binder were prepared, followed by heat treatment (carbonization) below 1073 K under nitrogen in order to examine the effects of the binder on properties of the films. The results obtained are as follows.(1) The binder made the film more dense without structural change on X-ray diffraction analysis. (2) The tensile strength of the film, especially after heating to high temperature, was improved by adding the binder. (3) The modulus of toughness was scarcely influenced by the binder. (4) No change was observed in the electric resistivity by adding the binder.