鼓室置管联合鼻内镜下腺样体切除术治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的探讨鼓室置管术加腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将保守治疗无效的75例(96耳)分泌性中耳炎患儿随机分为两组:治疗组39例(51耳),行鼓室置管术加鼻内镜下腺样体切除术;对照组36例(45耳),单纯行鼓室置管术。结果治疗组患儿术后咽鼓管功能、鼓膜形态、中耳积液吸收。鼓室压图峰压值改善情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鼓室置管术联合鼻内镜下腺样体吸切除术治疗儿童SOM有较好的疗效,并且避免了传统的腺样体刮除术的缺点。     

手术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎疗效观察

目的比较鼓膜置管术和腺样体切除同时鼓膜骨管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将83例（142耳）经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎患者，随机分为鼓膜置管组和腺样体切除同时鼓膜置管组，评价术后疗效。结果腺样体切除同时鼓膜置管术组有效率为96．43％，鼓膜置管术组有效率为84．48％，二组有效率比较有显著性差异（x^2=4．88，P〈0．05）.结论经保守治疗无效的儿童分泌性中耳炎，腺样体切除同时鼓膜置管术是较理想的治疗方法.     

儿童分泌性中耳炎的外科手术干预

目的探讨儿童分泌性中耳炎的手术干预方式，为儿童听力筛查中分泌性中耳炎患儿的干预措施选择提供临床资料。方法总结2004-2008年我院90例儿童分泌性中耳炎接受手术治疗且资料完整者45例（82耳）的年龄特点、听力下降时间、手术方式、手术前后听力状况比较。结果术前平均纯音听阈FrrA（pure-tone threshold average，500Hz，1000Hz，2000Hz，4000Hz听阈均值）从8dBHL-61dBHL，平均（34.8&#177;12.09）dBHL。术后PTA从0dB HL-38dB HL，平均（15.9&#177;7.88）dB HL，3耳术后听闯提高，4耳无改善，75耳听阈降低，占91.5％，平均听阈降低18.9dBHL。手术方式：鼓膜置管术9例，腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术29例，腺样体切除＋扁桃体切除＋鼓膜置管术7例。结论腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术是我们治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的基本术式；扁桃体切除术不作为治疗分泌性中耳炎常规选择；对儿童分泌性中耳炎的术式选择应该个体化。     

腺样体切除加鼓室置管治疗顽固性分泌性中耳炎(附36例报告)

目的探讨腺样体切除加鼓室置管治疗顽固性分泌性中耳炎的效果.方法对36例经保守治疗反复发作的顽固性分泌性中耳炎患儿术前施行了耳部检查、鼻咽侧位片与鼻内窥镜检查,确定腺样体肥大与分泌性中耳炎的关系,然后施行腺样体切除加鼓室置管术,手术后跟踪随访.结果术后经过6个月～3年余的随访,26例在1～6个月听力恢复正常,声阻抗检查鼓室压力在40～80之间;6例听力基本正常,只是某些频率下降了10～20dB;4例遗留轻度的气导听力下降.鼻咽侧位片显示已无肥大腺样体,部分患者鼻咽镜检查示咽鼓管咽口的压迫已经解除.结论腺样体肥大压迫或接近咽鼓管咽口是顽固性分泌性中耳炎的主要原因,鼻内窥镜检查是确定二者是否有关的有效方法.鼓室置管可较快地提高听力,腺样体切除则可防止中耳炎复发.     

腺样体切除术在治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的分析腺样体切除术对治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效评定。方法随机将48例(84耳)儿童分泌性中耳炎分为甲乙两组。甲组25例(40耳)单纯行鼓室置管术,术后应用药物治疗。乙组23例(44耳)行鼓室置管术的同时行鼻内镜下腺样体切除术。结果随访3周,甲组治愈17例(70%),好转2例(10%),无效6例(20%)。乙组治愈21例(90%),好转1例(5%),无效1例(5%)。结论对合并有腺样体肥大的分泌性中耳炎患者,在治疗分泌性中耳炎同时切除肥大的腺样体能提高手术疗效,减少复发。     

耳内镜下鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨同期耳内镜下鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效、听力变化、复发率及并发症等.方法 对80例(132耳)病史超过3个月,保守治疗无效的4～12岁儿童分泌性中耳炎患者分为两组,A组42例(72耳)采用在耳内镜下同期行鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术治疗,B组38例(60耳)则仅在耳内镜下行鼓膜置管而不行腺样体切除术.结果 A、B组术后纯音听力均提高.A组术后中耳积液平均时间为(8.5±1.2)天,通气管脱落或取出后3个月分泌性中耳炎复发率为8.3%,并发中耳感染率为2.7%;B组积液时间为(10.3±1.4)天,分泌性中耳炎复发率为21.7%,中耳感染率为11,7%.结论 耳内镜下鼓膜置管术联合腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎可改善听力,能缩短中耳积液时间,减少复发率及继发中耳感染的发生率.对儿童分泌性中耳炎伴有腺样体肥大的患者施行鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除术是最合理的治疗方法.     

鼓膜置管治疗分泌性中耳炎无效6例分析

目的分析鼓膜置管治疗分泌性中耳炎无效的原因.方法回顾分析鼓膜置管无效6例的临床资料.结果过早脱管、拔管过早、术后感染以及扁桃体、腺样体肥大是鼓膜置管无效的原因.结论分泌性中耳炎鼓膜置管术后应采取综合性治疗措施.     

内镜手术治疗腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的：探讨腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎的诊治方法和手术效果。方法：对37例患儿行内镜下腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术。结果：患儿术后听力均提高，拔管后随访13～17个月未见复发。结论：内镜下腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术对腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎有确切疗效。     

鼻内镜下腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎46例

目的观察鼻内镜下腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎患儿46例,随机分为手术组与对照组。手术组常规在鼻内镜下行腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术;对照组采用抗生素、糖皮质激素口服及减充血剂滴鼻等药物治疗。治疗1个月、3个月、6个月跟踪随访,观察其疗效。结果手术组痊愈18例(34耳),占77.3%;有效4例(6耳),占13.6%;无效2例(4耳),占9.1%。对照组痊愈9例(17耳),占43.6%;有效4例(6耳),占15.4%;无效9例(16耳),占41.0%。两组治愈有效率相比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论鼻内镜下腺样体切除联合鼓膜置管术是一种微创、有效的手术,且对与腺样体肥大有关的分泌性中耳炎有良好的治疗效果。     

腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎鼓室置管术疗效分析

目的　观察鼓室置管术在治疗腭裂患儿分泌性中耳炎听力损失的疗效 ,探讨中耳通气管的选择、手术适应证及注意事项。方法　双耳伴发分泌性中耳炎伴听力损失的住院腭裂患儿 19例 ,平均年龄 5 8岁 ,平均气导语频听阈较大的一侧耳在腭裂修复术同期行鼓室置管术 ,对侧未置管耳作为对照组 ,术后 2周至 18个月复查 ,比较置管组及对照组腭裂术前、术后听阈的变化情况。结果置管组耳术后平均气导语频听阈 (2 7 0± 6 5 )dB较术前 (42 7± 8 2 )dB显著降低 ,而对照组耳术前(2 9 0± 6 1)dB、术后 (2 7 0± 4 1)dB听阈差异无显著性。置管组未见严重耳科并发症。结论　腭裂修复术同期鼓室置管术安全、有效 ,可恢复患者听力 ,有利于腭裂术后语音学习。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征240例的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hy-popnea syndrome,OSAHS)的适应证、手术方法和疗效。方法回顾性总结了2 4 0例确诊为OSAHS需手术治疗病例,其中腺样体加扁桃体切除214例,单纯腺样体切除11例,单纯扁桃体切除15例。结果所有患者术后随访半年以上,175例(72.91%)痊愈,50例(20.83%)好转,15例(6.25%)无效。其中11例乳牙松动,3例乳牙脱落,8例术后24 h体温超过38℃;给予对症支持治疗后病情愈合。结论手术切除肥大的扁桃体和腺样体是治疗儿童OSAHS的主要治疗方法,但应根据不同的阻塞因素选择不同的手术方式。     

The role of ventilation tube status in the hearing levels in children managed for bilateral persistent otitis media with effusion

The study determined the effects on hearing of the status of ventilation tubes, using a combination of otoscopy and tympanometry to determine function, in children managed for bilateral persistent otitis media with effusion (OME). The subjects were aged between 3.5 and 7 years and had a documented history of bilateral OME over a 12-week watchful waiting period associated with a hearing impairment in both ears of >or= 20 dB HL. The children reported are those randomized to the two surgical arms, both of which had bilateral myringotomy, aspiration of middle ear fluid and insertion of Shepard ventilation tubes. One arm furthermore received adenoidectomy. The data were analysed 'as treated' to document therapeutic progress. Tubes confirmed to be functioning on otoscopy and tympanometry only partially alleviate the conductive impairment associated with childhood OME (AC mean 12 dB HL, SD 4; ABG 13 dB, SD 7, 3 months post operation). Thus, children with a functioning ventilation tube cannot be considered to have 'normal' hearing. Once the tube has extruded, ears that no longer have OME still have a small conductive hearing impairment (at 12 months AC 14 dB HL, SD 6; ABG 16 dB, SD 9) but this improves with time. In children with bilateral tubes, both remain functioning for a median duration of 21 weeks (IQR 10-40) and at least one for a median of 40 weeks (IQR 24-61). Tube blockage significantly (P = 0.001) increases the risk of extrusion (84% versus 44%). When inserted in children between 3.5 and 7 years for OME, the otoscopic incidence of tube infection is low (1%).     

Ventilation time of the middle ear in otitis media with effusion (OME) after CO2 laser myringotomy

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the transtympanic ventilation time, the healing course of the tympanic membrane, the early and late complications, and the recurrence rate of otitis media with effusion (OME) within 6 months after CO2 laser myringotomy with the CO2 laser otoscope Otoscan. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, laser myringotomy was performed with the CO2 laser otoscope Otoscan in a patient population comprising 81 children (159 ears) with a history of otitis media with effusion (OME) associated with adenoidal and sometimes tonsillar hyperplasia. The procedure on the tympanic membrane was accordingly combined with an adenoidectomy, a CO2 laser tonsillotomy, or a tonsillectomy and therefore performed under insufflation anesthesia. In all ears, approximately 2 mm circular perforations were created in the lower anterior quadrants with a power of 12 to 15 W, a pulse duration of 180 msec, and a scanned area of 2.2 mm in diameter. RESULTS: None of the children showed postoperative impairment of cochleovestibular function such as sensorineural hearing loss or nystagmus. Otomicroscopic and videoendoscopic monitoring documented the closure time and healing pattern of tympanic membrane perforations. The mean closure time was found to be 16.35 days (minimum, 8 days; maximum, 34 days). As a rule, an onion-skin-like membrane of keratinized material was seen in the former myringotomy perforations at the time of closure. At the follow-up 6 months later, the condition of the tympanic membrane of 129 ears (81.1%) could be checked by otomicroscopy and videoendoscopy and the hearing ability by audiometry and tympanometry. The CO2 laser myringotomy sites appeared normal and irritation-free. Two of the tympanic membranes examined (1.6%) showed atrophic scar formation, and 1 (0.8%) had a perforation with a diameter of 0.3 mm. The perforation was seen closed in a control otoscopy 15 months postoperatively. OME recurred in 26.3% of the ears seen intraoperatively with mucous secretion (n = 38) and in 13.5% of the ears with serous secretion (n = 37; P <.05). CONCLUSION: The most important principle in treating OME is ventilation of the tympanic cavity. CO2 laser myringotomy achieves this through a self-healing perforation in which its diameter roughly determines the duration of transtympanic ventilation. Laser myringotomy competes with ventilation tube insertion in the treatment of OME. It may be a useful alternative in the surgical management of secretory otitis media.     

儿童分泌性中耳炎鼓膜置管前后听性脑干反应的特征

目的：评价儿童分泌性中耳炎鼓膜置管前后听性脑干反应（ABR）的特征及变化。方法：回顾性分析行鼓膜置管的37例分泌性中耳炎患儿（研究组）手术前后的ABR资料，并与30例健康儿童（对照组）的ABR资料相对比；将研究组再按波形分化程度分为波形分化不良组和波形分化较好组，对两组的病程及波Ⅴ反应阈等进行比较。结果：①儿童分泌性中耳炎可以影响ABR的波形分化和各波出现率，手术后有改善；术前波形分化不良组的波Ⅴ反应阈及病程与波形分化较好组相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。②Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期术后较术前明显缩短且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但手术前后波间期的改变无统计学意义。③与对照组相比，手术前后均存在部分波潜伏期及波间期的异常，且有统计学意义。结论：儿童分泌性中耳炎的ABR表现为：波形分化及出现率的改变、波间期及波潜伏期的改变、波Ⅴ反应阈的改变，鼓膜置管术可以改善这些变化，但仍未达到对照组水平。     

不同术式治疗伴腺样体肥大的儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效及安全性

目的：探讨不同手术方式治疗伴腺样体肥大的儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2011年4月至2014年7月收治的81例（149耳）腺样体肥大伴分泌性中耳炎患儿的临床资料,其中Ⅰ组22例（41耳）行单纯鼓膜切开置管术、Ⅱ组33例（59耳）行单纯腺样体切除术、Ⅲ组26例（49耳）行鼓膜置管加腺样体切除术;比较三组术前、术后3个月平均听阈,分析各组术后疗效及并发症。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三组患儿术前平均听阈分别为53．54±6．68、53．61±6．98、52．92±7．28 dB H L ,组间两两比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三组患儿术后平均听阈分别为17．63±5．09、14．47±3．62、14．88±3．92 dB H L ,Ⅰ组听力恢复较Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组差（ P＜0．05）,而Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组术后分别有6、2、8例出现脱管、感染、创面出血等并发症。结论单纯腺样体切除术治疗伴腺样体肥大的儿童分泌性中耳炎疗效确切,并发症少。     

Endoscopic Adenoidectomy in Children With Otitis Media With Effusion and Mild Hearing Loss

ObjectivesSurgical management of children with chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) includes tympanostomy tube insertion or adenoidectomy, alone or with myringotomy and tube insertion. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of transoral microdebrider endoscopic-assisted adenoidectomy (TOMEA) and traditional adenoidectomy in the management of children with mild hearing loss due to OME and chronic adenoiditis.MethodsThis prospective, double-blind and controlled study involved 120 consecutive patients aged 4–12 years, who were randomised 1:1 to undergo TOMEA or traditional adenoidectomy under general anesthesia. All the patients underwent a complete otolaryngological examination, including nasopharyngeal fibre endoscopy (NFE), pneumatic otoscopy, otomicroscopy, tympanometry and supraliminar tonal audiometry, upon enrolment, and three and nine months postoperatively.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in age or gender distribution between the TOMEA group (mean age, 4.9±1.1 years; 53.3% males) and the traditional adenoidectomy group (mean age, 5.3±0.9 years; 56.7% males). Both procedures led to a significant improvement in choanal patency (P<0.01) and all of the otological and audiological parameters (P<0.01) 3 and 9 months postoperatively, although postoperative NFE showed that the mean percentage of residual choanal obstruction was significantly less in the TOMEA group (P=0.02). There was no significant between-group difference in the percentage of children with tympanic membrane changes, but the postoperative prevalence of children with a type B tympanogram was significantly lower in the TOMEA group after 3 (15.0% vs. 31.7%, P=0.05) and 9 months (18.3% vs. 38.3%, P=0.02), as was the percentage of children with mild conductive hearing loss (3.3% vs. 23.3%, P<0.01; and 8.3% vs. 28.3%, P<0.01).ConclusionAlthough both TOMEA and traditional adenoidectomy are effective in treating children with mild hearing loss due to adenoidal hypertrophy and OME, the former achieves the greater reduction in residual adenoidal hypertrophy and better audiological outcomes.     

Hearing loss in tympanosclerosis caused by grommets

The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of hearing impairment caused by tympanosclerosis of the eardrum as a result of grommet insertion. During the period 1977 to 1978 we treated 146 children who had bilateral secretory otitis with adenoidectomy, insertion of a ventilation tube on the right side, and myringotomy on the left. The children were reexamined 2 to 3 years and again 6 to 7 years postoperatively, and hearing was evaluated at 250, 1000, and 4000 Hz. Tympanosclerosis was demonstrated in 59% of the children on the side with grommet insertion compared with 13% in the contralateral ear. Hearing was slightly inferior in ears with tympanosclerosis compared with ears without tympanosclerosis, but the difference was small and nonsignificant. The hearing impairment caused by tympanosclerosis was less than 0.5 dB, which is inconsequential and cannot serve as an argument against the use of ventilation tubes. However, further studies with longer observation periods are warranted.     

Contact diode laser myringotomy for medium-duration middle ear ventilation in children

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare contact diode laser for myringotomy (CDLM) to myringotomy with tube insertion (M&T) for the surgical management of otitis media with effusion (OME) in children. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective randomized controlled study at a tertiary care pediatric institution. METHODS: Thirty children for whom PE tube insertion was indicated were randomized for treatment by CDLM or by M&T, in order to investigate length of time for middle ear ventilation, and complication rates. Surgical time was measured, post-operative parental questionnaires were reviewed, and follow-up examinations were performed. INTERVENTION: Middle ear ventilation by CDLM or M&T. RESULTS: Middle ear ventilation by CDLM took an average of 4.1min, and was maintained for an average of 3.5 months, compared to surgical time of 10.2min for M&T, and duration of middle ear ventilation of 6.3 months. These differences were statistically significant (p=0.005 for surgical time, and p<0.001 for duration of ventilation). Complication rates were equivalent. CONCLUSION: CDLM allowed for medium-duration middle ear ventilation in children compared to M&T. Further study to clarify the role of CDLM in the management of OME in children is indicated.     

Laser myringotomy versus ventilation tubes in children with otitis media with effusion: a randomized trial

OBJECTIVES: Insertion of ventilation tubes in children with otitis media with effusion (OME) is an accepted and common treatment procedure. The majority of patients require general anesthesia. Although laser myringotomy can be performed in local anesthesia, evidence is lacking that this treatment modality is an alternative for tubes, and outcome predictors for laser myringotomy are not available. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. METHODS: We screened 1,403 children with chronic OME that were indicated for placement of ventilation tubes. In the eligible patients, we performed laser myringotomy in one ear and placed a tube in the other ear, both within the same patient. Follow-up was scheduled each month for 6 months. Success was defined as absence of effusion or aural discharge. A logistic regression model was used with success of the therapy as binary outcome. This model was based on base-line variables, asked for in a parent's questionnaire. RESULTS: Two hundred eight children received the allocated intervention, and no complications occurred. The mean closure time of the laser perforation was 2.4 weeks, and the mean patency time of the ventilation tube was 4.0 months. The mean success rate was 40% for laser and 78% for tubes. Ten known variables were found to predict middle ear status after therapy. CONCLUSION: Laser myringotomy is a safe but less-effective procedure than insertion of a ventilation tube in the treatment of chronic OME. The prognostic model enables the otolaryngologist to choose the surgical treatment for the child that benefits most: laser myringotomy or ventilation tube.