低能离子束辅助大面积制备纳米点阵列

本工作研究了离子束辅助下在氧化铝模板中大面积制备纳米点阵列的方法.利用此方法,可成功地制备出密度为1.2×1010cm-2、直径高度统一、排列有序的镍和金纳米点阵列.纳米点直径和密度可由氧化铝模板的孔胞参数控制.这种制备方法亦可适用于其他材料,并为研究纳米点的尺度相关特性提供了契机.     

二次阳极氧化法制备多孔氧化铝膜

文章介绍采用二次阳极氧化法制备孔洞规则、有序的多孔氧化铝膜的工艺。多孔阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜孔径为20～100nm，孔道相互平行且垂直于表面，深度可达50μm。详细分析了第1次阳极氧化、去除氧化层、第2次阳极氧化、扩孔过程中孔结构发生的变化。研究了不同电解液、阳极氧化温度、外加电压等对多孔氧化铝结构的影响。分析了多孔氧化铝膜的表面及侧面形貌、表面微区成分。在草酸溶液中氧化所得的AAO膜孔径相对在硫酸溶液中的较大。在一定范围内，增加氧化温度及氧化电压能提高AAO膜孔径。     

电子束辐照PET薄膜制备有序多孔阵列高分子模板

本文用掩膜工艺电子束蚀刻技术产生具有潜影的聚酯(PET)薄膜,经强氧化液(浓硫酸与重铬酸钾的混合液)腐蚀,产生有序微米多孔阵列PET模板.讨论了辐照剂量、腐蚀时间以及腐蚀温度等因素对基膜蚀刻和腐蚀的影响.结果表明:随着辐照剂量、腐蚀温度和腐蚀时间的增加,PET基膜更易被腐蚀.IR、DSC测量结果表明:辐照导致化学键的断裂、非晶化转变,是导致辐照PET薄膜的腐蚀失重率增加的原因.用此方法制备了孔径大小一致的微米级有序多孔阵列PET模板.     

Co纳米线阵列的掠入射中子小角散射研究

本文采用掠入射中子小角散射（GISANS）技术，研究了沉积在多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）模板中的Co磁性纳米线阵列的空间结构，利用计算机软件对GISANS实验进行了理论模拟，并与扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察的结果进行比较。结果表明，GISANS实验结果、GISANS理论模拟结果和SEM实验结果三者相吻合。纳米线直径约为60 nm，纳米线中心平均距离约为121 nm，垂直于样品表面相互平行排列，在样品平面内呈现出二维局域六角有序排布。本工作证明了GISANS实验技术结合计算机理论模拟，是研究纳米线阵列及类似纳米体系的有力手段。     

纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜的热释光特性

利用阳极氧化法制备的氧化铝薄膜是非晶态的并且表面呈高度有序的多孔结构.经过太阳光照射后氧化铝薄膜具有明显的热释光现象,发光峰值出现在190℃,表明其对太阳光敏感.经过电子束辐照后薄膜的热释光特性与制备时电解液浓度和退火处理的时间有关,其中制备过程中电解液浓度为0.4mol/L热释光现象最明显,退火时间为5小时的热释光现象最明显.     

氧化铝模板制备条件的探索

在低温下通过改变第一次和第二次氧化条件尝试性地生长了系列模板,结合扫描电镜(SEM)研究了模板的孔间距和孔径与制备条件的关系.结果表明模板的形貌经两步氧化已达到最佳,孔间距受到第一步氧化的调制,改变第二步氧化的条件可以制备出不同孔径的模板.并在此基础上分析了模板的形成机理.     

利用粒子辐照技术实现碳纳米管向金刚石的转变

采用低能氢等离子体和中能C^ 离子束辐照技术相结合的方法,实现了碳纳米管向金刚石纳米晶粒的转变,完成了一个从有序(碳纳米管)到无序(无定形碳纳米线)再到有序(金刚石纳米晶)的转变过程。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等研究了晶粒的微观结构,并对纳米金刚石晶粒的生成机理进行了初步探讨。     

用于医用核素钼-99的制备方法

~(99)Mo的衰变子体核素~(99m)Tc是核医学中应用最为广泛的放射性同位素,其使用量约占所有放射性同位素的70%。基于对目前国内外~(99)Mo制备方法的文献调研,阐述了医用~(99)Mo的主要制备方法,包括反应堆生产~(99)Mo、加速器制备~(99)Mo和中子发生器制备~(99)Mo。从靶件形式与化学提取等方面重点分析了以高浓铀(HEU)或低浓铀(LEU)为靶材料,利用反应堆生产裂变~(99)Mo的方法。鉴于近年来使用加速器与中子发生器制备~(99)Mo的方法已取得了较大进展,本文亦对此进行了较详细的阐述,并对进一步的研究工作提出建议。     

新型Ni-Fe(Ⅱ)普鲁士蓝/碳纳米管海绵去除Cs+的研究

结合模板法和原位生长法制备了新型吸附与离子交换性能兼备的Ni-Fe(Ⅱ)普鲁士蓝/碳纳米管海绵,并通过稳定同位素铯模拟放射性核素研究了材料对Cs⁺的去除效果。实验结果表明：复合材料很好地复制了聚氨酯海绵的三维开架多孔结构,在孔壁上沉积了大量碳纳米管,并在其表面生长了具有优异离子交换性能的Ni-Fe(Ⅱ)普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒,其占样品总量的1.38%。对Cs⁺的去除实验结果表明：Ni-Fe(Ⅱ)普鲁士蓝/碳纳米管海绵对Cs⁺有良好的去除能力;全谱等离子直接光谱仪（ICP）元素分析和穆斯堡尔谱研究表明,Ni-Fe(Ⅱ)普鲁士蓝中的K⁺与Cs⁺间发生了离子交换反应,材料对Cs⁺的吸附容量为698 μg/g。     

直流电沉积制备纳米铜丝阵列

研究采用模板法直流电沉积制备纳米铜丝阵列。基底选用阳极三氧化二铝硬模板,膜底磁控溅射1层薄铜层（1μm以下）做导电底衬,再利用直流电沉积法制备出纳米铜丝阵列。由此工艺所制备的纳米铜丝长度可达50μm左右、直径约为250nm,丝阵含铜量高。讨论了阴极电流密度、阴极电位、模板类型、模板孔径等因素对纳米铜丝生长的影响,为惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验除金腔靶外的其它金属靶的研究提供了一种新方法。     

The effect of ion sputtering of silicon substrates on the catalyst morphology and growth of carbon nanotube arrays

Polished Si substrates are sputtered by He⁺ ions, and carbon nanotube arrays are prepared on the Fe-coated substrates by heat chemical vapor deposition from acetylene. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are employed to examine the morphologies of sputtered substrates, catalyst and carbon nanotube arrays. It is found that ion sputtering is effective in increasing the roughness of Si substrates, and helpful in obtaining higher density Fe catalyst particles and better-aligned carbon nanotube arrays.     

Electron transferring from titanium ion irradiated carbon nanotube arrays into vacuum under low applied fields

Field emission characteristics of carbon nanotube arrays synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition on iron ion pre-bombarded silicon substrate are enhanced by titanium ion irradiation. A pronounced degradation of turn-on electric field of 0.305 V/μm and threshold field, of which the lowest value is only 1.054 V/μm, about 0.482 V/μm at the dose of 5 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm² is as an expression of this enhancement. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Photoelectron spectrometer and transmission electron microscopy are measured for comparison before and after the Ti ion irradiation of the carbon nanotube arrays, and the results reveal that the formation of carbon nanorod/nanotube heterostructure during ion irradiation plays a dominative role in the promotion of the field emission properties. However, high-dose irradiating transaction on carbon nanotube arrays will exert repulsive effects on the field emission characteristics for the introduction of severe structural damage. Additionally, the longtime eminent stability behaviors under high applied fields have provided a possibility for the potential application of field emission flat panel display or electron emitters based on carbon nanotube arrays.     

Structural change of carbon nanotubes produced by Si ion beam irradiation

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were irradiated by 40 keV Si ion beam with different doses. The structural change of the MWCNTs was revealed by transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The structural characterization after irradiation shows that the formation of amorphous carbon nanowires proceeds through two periods, carbon nanotube – semi-solid amorphous carbon nanowire with hollow structure – solid amorphous carbon nanowire. Based on the interaction between energetic particles and carbon nanotubes, the structural transformation process and corresponding mechanisms are discussed. A model is presented to illustrate the structural change of carbon nanotubes with increased irradiation dose.     

Plasma Syntheses of Carbon Nanotube-Supported Pt-Pd Nanoparticles

It is reported that the highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes can be synthesized under mild conditions by in situ plasma treatment.The carbon nanotube was pretreated by O₂ plasma to transform into oxide carbon nanotubes（O-CNTs）,and then it was mixed with the precursors（the mixture of H₂ PtCl₆and PdCl₆）.After that,the O-CNTs and the precursors were simultaneously treated by H₂ plasma.The precursors were transformed into Pt-Pd nanoparticles（NPs）and the O-CNTs transformed into CNT.The synthesized CNT-based Pt-Pd nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.All the analysis showed that the Pt-Pd nanoparticles were deposited on CNT as a form of face-centered cubical structure.     

A broad chemical and structural characterization of the damaged region of carbon implanted alumina

As candidate materials for future thermonuclear fusion reactors, isolating ceramics will be submitted to high energy gamma and neutron radiation fluxes together with an intense particle flux. Amorphization cannot be tolerated in ceramics for fusion applications, due to the associated volume change and the deterioration of mechanical properties. Therefore, a comprehensive study was carried out to examine the effects of carbon beam irradiation on polycrystalline aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), a ceramic component of some diagnostic and plasma heating systems. Complementary techniques have allowed a complete chemical and structural surface analysis of the implanted alumina. Implantation with 75 keV, mono-energetic carbon ions at doses of 1 × 10¹⁷ and 5 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm² was performed on polished and thermally treated ceramic discs. The alumina targets were kept below 120 °C. The structural modifications induced during ion irradiation were studied by the GXRD and TEM techniques. Under these conditions, alumina is readily amorphized by carbon ions, the thickness of the ion-beam induced disordered area increasing with the ion dose. Matrix elements and ion implanted profiles were followed as a function of depth by using ToF-SIMS, indicating the maximum concentration of implanted ions to be in the deeper half of the amorphous region. Ion distribution and chemical modifications caused in the Al₂O₃ substrate by carbon irradiation were corroborated with XPS. The amount of oxygen in the vicinity of the implanted alumina surface was reduced, suggesting that this element was selectively sputtered during carbon irradiation. The intensity of those peaks referring to Al–O bonds diminishes, while contributions of reduced aluminium and metal carbides are found at the maximum of the carbon distribution. TEM observations on low temperature thermally annealed specimens indicate partial recovery of the initial crystalline structure.     

衰减法测量静电加速器电子束能量

研制了薄壁平行板透射电离室,研究了透射电离室的特性。用透射电离室测量静电加速器电子束在铝中的透射分布,得到不同高压下电子束在铝中的外推射程,进而确定电子束能量。     

Dynamic interactions of fast ions with carbon nanotubes

We used the hydrodynamic model to describe the dielectric response of a multi-walled carbon nanotube to a fast point charge moving paraxially, either inside or outside the nanotube. Calculations are performed for a two-walled nanotube, giving rise to a splitting of the plasmon frequencies due to the interaction between the electron fluids on the two cylinders. The dependences of the projectile stopping power and the self-energy (image potential) on the velocity and the distance from the nanotube axis show interesting features when the projectile velocity matches the phase velocity of the plasmon mode with a quasi-linear dispersion.