含Mg夹杂物对低合金高强度钢CGHAZ韧性的影响

摘要：采用Ca、Mg处理工艺研究不同夹杂物粒子对200kJ/cm大线能量焊接低合金高强度钢CGHAZ冲击韧性的影响,对各个试样CGHAZ的显微组织,晶粒尺寸和冲击功进行观察和分析。试验结果表明,在低合金高强度钢CGHAZ中,Mg处理钢的冲击性能明显高于Ca处理钢,主要原因是含Mg夹杂物粒子析出能力比含Ca夹杂物粒子强,在焊接过程中,含Mg夹杂物粒子对CGHAZ组织的钉扎作用更加显著;同时提高针状铁素体的含量,延长裂纹扩展路径,提高断裂时吸收的能量,使样品韧性得到提升。     

Mg含量对焊接热影响区夹杂物及组织的影响

通过焊接热模拟试验研究了钢中Mg含量对焊接热影响区夹杂物及组织的影响。研究结果表明,随着钢中Mg质量分数由0增加至27×10-6再到37×10-6,氧硫化物复合夹杂类型变化为Al_2O_3-Mn S→MgO+Al_2O_3+Ti2O3-Mn S→MgO-Mn S;氧硫化物复合夹杂数量增加、尺寸减小。焊接热影响区组织变化为晶界铁素体+魏氏组织+侧板条铁素体→晶界铁素体+晶内针状铁素体→块状铁素体。利用Mg脱氧工艺生产的钢板经过400 k J/cm大线能量焊接后热影响区的-20℃冲击功都在100 J以上。     

Ti-Mg复合脱氧对钢热影响区组织和冲击性能的影响

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行焊接热模拟实验,研究16Mn钢经微Ti和Ti-Mg处理后焊接热影响区组织及冲击性能的变化,并利用扫描电镜和能谱分析法观察和分析实验钢的夹杂与冲击断口形貌.Ti和Ti-Mg复合处理试样的热影响区显微组织分别主要是晶界块状铁素体+晶界侧板条铁素体和晶内针状铁素体+晶界块状铁素体.经Ti处理后钢中夹杂物主要为5μm左右的TiO_x+MnS复合夹杂,经Ti-Mg复合脱氧后钢中夹杂物主要为2μm左右Ti-Mg-O+MnS组成的复合夹杂,且后者明显细化了钢中夹杂物尺寸.Ti-Mg复合脱氧试样中存在大量细小夹杂颗粒,一方面可钉扎裂纹,另一方面诱导形成了使大量针状铁素体,大焊接热输入条件下Ti-Mg复合脱氧试样热影响区冲击韧性明显强于单独Ti处理的试样.      

钛夹杂物细化管线钢热影响区组织研究现状

阐明了钢中夹杂物（氧化物冶金技术）对焊接热影响区组织的影响,综述了钢中各种含钛夹杂物对晶内铁素体的形核机制的研究概况,包括钛脱氧、Ti- Mg复合脱氧、Ti- Nb- N复合脱氧、Ti- Al复合脱氧及Ti- Mn- Si复合脱氧等几项措施,探讨了在这些措施下,如何对铁素体的形成提供最佳条件。最后,对钛夹杂物细化管线钢焊缝组织研究的发展做出了展望。     

Q345级钛氧化物冶金钢生产工艺及大线能量焊接性能研究

研究了工业化条件下钛氧化物冶金和TMCP工艺对Q345级钢板基体力学性能及大线能量焊接性能的影响。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针等手段分析了钢板显微组织及夹杂物特征,进行了大线能量焊接热模拟和气电立焊试验。结果表明,在钛氧化物冶金和TMCP工艺下,工业化试制钢板获得了良好的基体力学性能和大线能量焊接性能。钢中Ti、Mg、Ca等微细氧化物或氧硫化物均匀弥散分布,有效促进了焊接粗晶热影响区针状铁素体组织形成,200 kJ/cm线能量下焊接接头冲击韧性显著改善。     

氧化物冶金在大线能量焊接用钢中的应用

 为了分析氧化物冶金钢中不同类型夹杂物的形核能力及其对大线能量焊接性能的提升效果，对Ti Ca、Ti Mg试验钢进行了模拟焊接热循环并利用氧化物冶金技术实现了不同钢种的工业化生产。结果表明，在1 400 ℃峰值温度等温30 s后，Ti Mg复合夹杂物可有效钉扎奥氏体晶界移动，并在后续冷却过程中作为形核质点诱导针状铁素体形核。为了保持氧化物冶金技术所需的氧含量，建立了转炉Si Mn预脱氧加Ti Mg脱氧的优化工艺路线。采用新技术冶炼的钢种具有200 kJ/cm气电立焊性能。-40 ℃下HAZ冲击韧性达到200 J，焊接接头内观察到大量针状铁素体板条组织。     

Ti-Zr-Mg处理与Ti-Zr处理氧化物冶金效果对比研究

氧化物冶金在非调质钢和大线能量焊接用钢开发等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。通过中试的试制及模拟焊接、夏比冲击、扫描电镜等一系列分析手段系统对比了Ti-Zr-Mg处理与Ti-Zr处理氧化物冶金效果,包括非金属夹杂物、钢板组织及力学性能。结果表明:Ti-Zr-Mg处理相较于Ti-Zr脱氧,钢板强度、韧性及冲击性能改善不明显,焊接性能得到提高;轧板组织基本一致,焊后热影响区(HAZ)针状铁素体体积增加;Mg处理炉次钢中非金属夹杂物数量略有增多,尺寸更加细小。     

稀土和Ca、Mg元素对高强度钢焊接热影响区组织和韧性的影响

研究了低合金高强度非调质中厚板钢中添加稀土(REM)和Ca、Mg微量元素对大线高能焊接热影响区(HAZ)显微组织微细化和晶内针状铁素体(IAF)形成的影响.结果表明,添加REM和Ca、Mg元素可在钢的HAZ中形成弥散稳定的氧硫化物(CeCa)2O2S和(CeMg)2O2,热轧奥氏体化(1450℃)和焊接热输入10 kJ/mm时都十分稳定,比传统采用TiN强化的钢具有更优良的低温韧性.有效地控制细小弥散的氧硫化合物,能获得适中的奥氏体有效晶粒尺寸和提供HAZ中形成晶内针状铁素体及稳定活性的形核位置.促进晶内铁素体协同形核生长,有效地使得HAZ组织微细化.     

钛稀土复合处理对C--Mn钢粗晶热影响区组织及韧性的影响

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机进行焊接热影响区热循环模拟实验,研究了在焊接热输入为65 kJ·cm-1时稀土单独处理和钛稀土复合处理对C-Mn钢粗晶热影响区组织及冲击韧性的影响,并利用扫描电镜观察和分析了实验钢中的夹杂物和冲击断口形貌,利用光镜观察了热循环模拟后实验钢中的微观组织.实验结果表明:稀土单独处理和钛稀土复合处理的试样微观组织分别主要是晶界铁素体+块状铁素体+针状铁素体和晶界铁素体+晶内针状铁素体.经稀土单独处理的试样中夹杂物为La₂O₂S+锰铝硅酸盐+MnS复合夹杂;钛稀土复合处理的试样中的夹杂主要是La₂O₂S+TiO_x+锰铝硅酸盐+MnS复合夹杂.钛稀土复合处理钢中的复合夹杂更细小,有利于形成细小的晶内针状铁素体.钛稀土复合处理极大地改善了实验钢的焊接热影响区低温冲击韧性,比稀土单独处理对试样的冲击性能提升效果更好.      

大热输入条件下氮含量对低碳Mo-V-Ti-B微合金钢粗晶热影响区组织与冲击韧性的影响

采用Gleeble研究了大热输入条件下,氮含量对低碳Mo-V-Ti-B微合金钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织和冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,在100 kJ/cm热输入条件下,85 N、110 N和144 N试验钢粗晶热影响区-20℃冲击功分别为186 J、97 J和57 J。随着试验钢中氮含量的增加,试验钢粗晶热影响区冲击功逐渐降低。当氮含量从85 ppm增加至110 ppm时,低碳Mo-V-Ti-B微合金钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织由块状铁素体+大量针状铁素体转变为块状铁素体+少量的针状铁素体,组织发生粗化,故粗晶热影响区冲击功降低。当氮含量从110 ppm进一步增加至144 ppm时,粗晶热影响区组织由块状铁素体+少量的针状铁素体转变为块状铁素体+珠光体,虽然块状铁素体晶粒发生细化,但是粗晶热影响区组织中的“硬相”珠光体的含量增加,并且珠光体尺寸较大,在冲击试样变形过程中“硬相”珠光体与基体形变不协调,从而导致裂纹的萌生,造成冲击功进一步下降。     

不同冷速下钛微合金化Q345B钢的HAZ组织及性能

焊接热影响区(HAZ)的微观组织很大程度上决定了钢材焊接处的力学性能。为了掌握含钛微合金钢Q345B在不同焊接线能量下热影响区的微观组织及性能演变规律，采用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机，对含钛微合金钢Q345B焊接过程中热影响区的组织演变进行模拟试验研究，分析了冷却速率对热影响区的微观组织及冲击韧性的影响。结果表明，大线能量焊接低冷速下热影响区组织以粒状贝氏体为主，t8/5为120 s时，析出针状铁素体，针状铁素体的出现有利于焊接热影响区冲击韧性的提升。     

Zr微合金化HSLA钢粗晶热影响区的组织和性能

用焊接热模拟法研究了Zr处理对 (%):≤ 0.18C-1.2～1.6Mn低合金高强度(HSLA)钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,Zr含量在0.01%～0.03%时,经过30～100kJ/cm线能量焊接热模拟后,CGHAZ的强度、塑性和-50℃冲击韧性都高于没有经过Zr处理的试验钢;Zr钢显微硬度(HV10)177～251,具有优良的焊接性。焊接线能量相同时,没有经过Zr处理试验钢CGHAZ的晶粒比Zr处理钢粗大;焊接线能量为 30kJ/cm时 ,各试验钢CGHAZ的组织以贝氏体为主 ,随着焊接线能量提高 ,CGHAZ中出现针状铁素体和少量珠光体。     

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusion Formation in Ti-Killed Steels and Microstructurai Evolution in Welding Induced Coarse-Grained Heat Affected Zone

Effects of Mg on the chemical component and size distribution of Ti-bearing inclusions favored grain refinement of the welding induced coarse-grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ),with enhanced impact toughness in Ti-killed steels,which were examined based on experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations.The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the inclusions gradually varied from the Ti-O+Ti-Mg-O compound oxide to the Ti-Mg-O+ MgO compound oxide and the single-phase MgO,as the Mg content increased from 0.002 3% to 0.006%.A trace addition of Mg (approximately 0.002 %) led to the refinement of Ti-bearing inclusions by creating the Ti-Mg-O compound oxide and provided favorable size distribution of the inclusions for acicular ferrite transformation with a high nucleation rate in the CGHAZ,and a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite was obtained in the CGHAZ with enhanced impact toughness.Otherwise,a high content of Mg (approximately 0.006%) produced a single-phase MgO,which was impotent to nucleate an acicular ferrite,and a microstructure comprised of a ferrite side plate and a grain boundary ferrite developed in the CGHAZ.The experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.     

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusion Formation in TiKilled Steels and Microstructural Evolution in Welding Induced CoarseGrained Heat Affected Zone

 Effects of Mg on the chemical component and size distribution of Ti bearing inclusions favored grain refinement of the welding induced coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ), with enhanced impact toughness in Ti killed steels, which were examined based on experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations. The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the inclusions gradually varied from the Ti O+Ti Mg O compound oxide to the Ti Mg O+MgO compound oxide and the single phase MgO, as the Mg content increased from 0002 3% to 0006%. A trace addition of Mg (approximately 0002%) led to the refinement of Ti bearing inclusions by creating the Ti Mg O compound oxide and provided favorable size distribution of the inclusions for acicular ferrite transformation with a high nucleation rate in the CGHAZ, and a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite was obtained in the CGHAZ with enhanced impact toughness. Otherwise, a high content of Mg (approximately 0006%) produced a single phase MgO, which was impotent to nucleate an acicular ferrite, and a microstructure comprised of a ferrite side plate and a grain boundary ferrite developed in the CGHAZ. The experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.     

Excellent Heat Affected Zone Toughness Technology Improved by Use of Strong Deoxidizers

Excellent Heat Affected Zone Toughness Technology Improved by use of Strong Deoxidizers (ETISD Technology) has been developed by Baosteel. When deoxidation of molten steel is conducted at the precisely controlled oxygen concentrations, the formation of the micro-meter inclusions and the nano-meter precipitates in the steel plate can be effectively controlled. During the welding process with high-heat input, the formation of acicular ferrite can be selectively promoted with the aid of micro-meter inclusions; the growth of γ grain can also be selectively restrained by the pinning effect of nano-meter precipitates. After welding with high-heat input of 400 kJ/cm, excellent heat affected zone toughness can be obtained for the steel plates with both of the above microstructures, and the average absorbed energy is greater than 200 J for V notch Charpy impact test at -20℃ .     

Effect of Inclusions Containing Ti,Mg on Microstructure and Performance of HAZ in Low Carbon Steel

In order to study the effects of inclusions containing titanium,zirconium and magnesium on the impact toughness of heat affected zone (HAZ) of steel,two low carbon steels deoxidized by titanium,zirconium and magnesium were obtained.After some treatments,the inclusion characteristics (size,morphology and chemistry) analysis,Charpy-type test,microstructure and the fracture observation were carried out on the prepared specimens.The following results were found.The inclusions containing Mg can keep more stable in HAZ.The inclusion containing Mg can enhance the impact toughness of HAZ,and the impacting energy reaches 249J at 253K when simulated input energy is 150kJ/mm.The inclusions with diameter smaller than 1.5 μm play a key role of pinning effect.