黄精大枣等成分口服液缓解体力疲劳研究

目的 了解黄精大枣等成分口服液对小鼠的缓解体力疲劳功能.方法 实验设5、10、15 ml/(kg·bw)3个剂量组和1个阴性对照组.每天按20 ml/(kg·bw)经口灌胃1次,连续灌胃30 d.于末次给予受试物30 min后,测定负重游泳时间、血清尿素、肝糖原含量及乳酸.根据实验结果评价该产品是否具有缓解体力疲劳功能.结果 受试物对各剂量组动物的体重以及乳酸均无统计学意义;低、高剂量组动物的负重游泳时间与阴性对照组比较显著延长;中、高剂量组的血清尿素低于阴性对照组;3个剂量组的肝糖原含量也极显著升高.结论 黄精大枣等成分口服液对小鼠具有缓解体力疲劳功能.     

牡蛎提取物软胶囊缓解体力疲劳功能研究

目的 研究牡蛎提取物软胶囊对缓解体力疲劳功能的效果。方法 ICR种雄性小鼠随机分为低、中、高剂量组和阴性对照组,剂量组分别灌胃给予0.30g/kg.bw、0.60g/kg.bw、1.80g/kg.bw的牡蛎提取物软胶囊内容物,阴性对照组给予食用植物油,连续灌胃30d后,对小鼠进行负重游泳试验、血清尿素、肝糖原和血乳酸测定。结果 高剂量组延长小鼠的负重游泳时间、提高肝糖原含量、降低小鼠血清尿素含量,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P<0.05 )。结论 牡蛎提取物软胶囊具有缓解体力疲劳功能的作用。     

蒲公英提取物缓解小鼠体力疲劳实验研究

目的探讨蒲公英的提取物对小鼠是否具有缓解其体力疲劳的作用。方法将单一雄性性别的昆明种小鼠,随机分配至阴性空白组、3. 33 ml/(kg·bw)组、6. 67 ml/(kg·bw)组和10. 00 ml/(kg·bw)组。不间断灌胃30 d后,测定各组负重游泳的时间以及相关血液生化指标。结果与阴性对照组相比较,不负重运动后6. 67 ml/(kg·bw)组和10. 00ml/(kg·bw)组的小鼠血清尿素大幅降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0. 05);这两个剂量组肝组织中的糖原含量也明显升高,其差异具有统计学意义(P0. 05)。6. 67 ml/(kg·bw)组和10. 00 ml/(kg·bw)组小鼠负重的游泳时间也明显延长,其差异具有统计学意义(P0. 05)。各剂量组小鼠血乳酸的曲线下面积与阴性对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论蒲公英提取物具备缓解小鼠体力疲劳的功效。     

复方牛磺酸肌醇口服液缓解小鼠体力疲劳的研究

目的了解复方牛磺酸肌醇口服液缓解小鼠体力疲劳的作用。方法设41.7、83.3、250.0ml/kg·bw 3个剂量组及蒸馏水对照组和白砂糖对照组,连续给予小鼠30d后检测小鼠负重游泳时间和血清尿素、肝糖原及血乳酸的含量[1]。结果受试物能延长小鼠负重游泳时间（P〈0.05）,增加肝糖原含量（P〈0.05）,降低血乳酸曲线下面积（P〈0.05）。结论复方牛磺酸肌醇口服液对小鼠具有缓解体力疲劳的功能。     

核康素口服液缓解体力疲劳作用实验研究

目的：评价核康素口服液缓解体力疲劳的作用。方法：雄性昆明种小鼠192只，体重18～22g，按体重随机分为8．33g／kg．BW、12．49g／kg．BW、16．67g／kg．BW3个剂量组和1个阴性对照组（每组48只）。小鼠经口灌胃给予核康素30d后，分别测定负重游泳时间、血清尿素氮、血乳酸及肝糖原含量。结果：核康素口服液3个剂量组的游泳时间与对照组相比明显延长（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；中、高剂量组小鼠运动后的血清尿素氮水平与对照组相比明显下降（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；3个剂量组的小鼠肝糖原储备量与对照组相比均有显著性增加（P〈0．05，P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；高剂量组能使血乳酸曲线下面积明显降低（P〈0．01）。结论：核康素口服液有缓解体力疲劳的作用。     

大豆异黄酮与大豆皂甙抗疲劳作用

目的探讨大豆异黄酮和大豆皂甙对体力疲劳的缓解作用。方法雄性ICR小鼠120只,按体重随机分为2个亚组,每亚组又分为5个小组,分别为正常对照组、大豆异黄酮低剂量组、大豆异黄酮高剂量组、大豆皂甙低剂量组、大豆皂甙高剂量组,每组12只。各受试样品组小鼠经口灌胃,分别给予受试物30 d,第1亚组小鼠测定负重游泳时间;第2亚组小鼠不负重游泳90 min,休息60 min后测定血清尿素氮(BUN)、肝糖原及肌糖原含量。结果大豆异黄酮低、高剂量组和大豆皂甙低、高剂量组小鼠负重游泳平均时间与正常对照组相比均明显延长;小鼠游泳后大豆异黄酮低、高剂量组和大豆皂甙低、高剂量组小鼠血清尿素氮含量低于正常对照组;小鼠游泳后平均肝糖原、平均肌糖原含量水平明显高于正常对照组。结论大豆异黄酮与大豆皂甙均具有缓解体力疲劳的作用,二者的抗疲劳作用接近。     

汇仁牌缓解体力疲劳片抗疲劳功能及其机制的研究

目的评价汇仁牌缓解体力疲劳片对小鼠抗体力疲劳的能力,并探讨其抗疲劳的机制。方法 SPF级昆明雄性小鼠160只,随机分为高、中、低3个剂量组[1.40 g/(kg·bw)、0.93 g/(kg·bw)、0.47 g/(kg·bw)]和阴性对照组。连续灌胃30 d,每日1次。测定小鼠负重游泳时间、肝糖原、血乳酸含量,并检测安静状态下及运动后血清尿素氮(BUN)、血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)的含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性。结果与阴性对照组比较,汇仁牌缓解体力疲劳片高剂量、中剂量能延长小鼠负重游泳时间,降低运动后血清BUN、LDH、CK水平,减少运动后血乳酸曲线下面积;高、中、低3个剂量可增加肝糖原的储备量、降低小鼠运动后肝脏MDA含量、增强SOD、GSH-Px活性。结论汇仁牌缓解体力疲劳片具有抗体力疲劳的作用,与其抗氧化作用有关。     

5'-核苷酸抗疲劳作用研究

[目的]研究5'-核苷酸抗疲劳作用。[方法]160只SPF级雄性ICR小鼠,随机分为4组,设立空白对照组、5'-核苷酸低、中、高剂量组(分别为0.04g/kg.bw、0.16g/kg.bw和0.64g/kg.bw)。30d后,测定各组小鼠负重游泳时间、血清尿素氮、肝糖原、血乳酸等指标。[结果]5'-核苷酸中、高剂量组均可显著延长小鼠负重游泳时间(P﹤0.05),并减少小鼠不负重游泳前及游泳后0min和20min3个时间点血乳酸测定曲线下的面积(P﹤0.05);5'-核苷酸各剂量组均可显著降低小鼠不负重游泳90min后血清尿素氮水平(P﹤0.05)。[结论]5'-核苷酸具有缓解体力疲劳功能。     

林蛙油对小鼠缓解体力疲劳作用的研究

目的研究林蛙油缓解小鼠体力疲劳作用的影响,探讨林蛙油缓解体力疲劳作用的机制。方法将64只昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为4组:对照组和林蛙油低、中、高剂量组,分别为成人剂量(6g/60kg体重)的1倍、5倍和10倍,每组16只小鼠。对照组灌胃生理盐水;林蛙油各剂量组灌不同剂量的林蛙油匀浆液,连续28d,于末次灌胃1h后,每组8只小鼠进行负重游泳实验;另8只小鼠游泳30min,休息30min后,测定血糖、血尿素氮、血乳酸、肝糖原和肌糖原。结果林蛙油低、中、高剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间均高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);林蛙油低、中、高剂量组小鼠血尿素氮、血乳酸含量降低并低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);血糖、肝糖原和腓肠肌糖原含量增加并高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论林蛙油对小鼠具有一定的缓解疲劳作用。     

枸杞子、淫羊藿的提取物与海参、牡蛎肉的冻干粉合用缓解体力疲劳作用研究

目的研究枸杞子、淫羊藿的提取物与海参、牡蛎肉的冻干粉合用缓解体力疲劳的作用效果。方法按《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》缓解体力疲劳检测评价方法,将192只ICR(institute of cancer research)雄性小鼠随机分为阴性溶剂对照组、低(0.14g/kg·bw)、中(0.27g/kg·bw)、高剂量(0.80g/kg·bw)组,每组48只,连续灌胃给药30d后,测定小鼠负重游泳时间、游泳后血清尿素、血乳酸含量和肝糖原含量。结果中、高剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间分别为(549±97)s、(541±91)s,较对照组(408±75)s明显增加(P0.01);中、高剂量组小鼠血清尿素分别为(12.43±0.69)mmol/L、(12.53±0.85)mmol/L,较对照组(13.49±0.79)mmol/L明显降低(P0.01);低、中、高剂量组肝糖原分别为(5.61±0.55)、(6.33±0.71)、(6.38±0.75)g/100g,均高于对照组(P0.01)。中剂量组小鼠运动血乳酸含量显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论枸杞子、淫羊藿的提取物与海参、牡蛎肉的冻干粉合用具有缓解体力疲劳的作用。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Fatigue and health in a seafaring population

Background Occupational fatigue is relatively common withinthe general population and has been linked to reduced performance,injury and longer term ill-health. Despite growing acknowledgementof this problem in the maritime sector, little research hasbeen conducted into the risk factors, prevalence and consequencesof seafarers' fatigue. Aims To examine the prevalence of fatigue among seafarers, identifypotential risk factors and assess possible links with poor performanceand ill-health. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of seafarers workingin the offshore oil support, short-sea and deep-sea shippingindustries. A number of tools were used including the fatiguesubscale of the profile of fatigue-related symptoms, the CognitiveFailures Questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire andthe SF36 General Health scale. Results In all, 1855 questionnaires were completed giving anoverall response rate of 20%. Fatigue symptoms were associatedwith a range of occupational and environmental factors, manyunique to seafaring. Reporting a greater number of risk factorswas associated with greater fatigue [e.g. OR = 2.53 (1.90–3.35)for those with three or four risk factors and OR = 9.54 (6.95–13.09)for those with five or more risk factors]. There was also astrong link between fatigue and poorer cognitive and healthoutcomes, with fatigue the most important of a number of riskfactors, accounting for 10–14% of the variance. Conclusions Seafarers' fatigue could impact on safety withinthe industry and may be linked to longer term individual ill-health.It can only be addressed by considering how multiple factorscombine to contribute to fatigue.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.