中国人D＿13S＿31位点多态性及与肝豆状核变性的连锁关系

Ｄ１３Ｓ３１标记位于Ｄ１３ｑ１４．３，其Ｔａｑ１内切酶切点的等位片段在中国人群中与白种人相同，且等位片段频率差异不明显。通过对７５名中国人正常个体分析，该标记的多态性等位片段频率结果如下：４．６ｋｂ片段的频率为５４％、６．７ｋｂ片段的频率为４６％、４．６ｋｂ／６．７ｋｂ杂合子频率为５３％。通过对１２个肝豆状核变性家系连锁分析，我们证实Ｄ１３Ｓ３１标记位点与肝豆状核变性基因位点存在紧密连锁关系５．１９）。在１２个肝豆状核变性家系４４名同胞中，检出４名症状前患者，１４名杂合子及３名正常纯合子。其结果表明，Ｄ１３Ｓ３１／Ｔａｑ１可用于肝豆状核变性的症状前诊断和杂合子检测。．ＴｈｅＷｉｌｓｏｎ＇ｓｄｉｓ－ｅａｓｅｇｅｎｅｉｓａｐｕｔａｔｉｖｅｃｏｐｐｅｒｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｉｎｇＰ－ｔｙｐｅＡＴＰａｓｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｔｏｔｈｅＭｅｎｋｅｓｇｅｎｅ．Ｎａ－ｔｕｒｅＧｅｎｅｔ，１９９３，６４：１３     

中国人肢带型肌营养不良相关遗传标记多态性研究

目的：寻找中国人肢带型肌营养不良（ＬＧＭＤ）的致病基因。方法：应用ＰＣＲ技术对５０名正常无关个体和２２ 名来自３ 个肢带型肌营养不良症家系的成员，进行了１３ｑ１２ 区的Ｄ１３Ｓ１２０，Ｄ１３Ｓ１４１ 以及１７ｑ２１ 区的ａｄ－ＣＡ遗传标记基因型分析，对此３ 个标记的杂合度和多态性信息含量（ＰＩＣ）进行了计算。结果：发现Ｄ１３Ｓ１２０ 和ａｄ－ＣＡ标记的杂合度较高，ＰＩＣ为０．６６ 和０．７３，１３ｑ１２区的Ｄ１３Ｓ１４１ 的ＰＩＣ＜ ０．２５。结论：Ｄ１３Ｓ１２０和ａｄ－ＣＡ 标记是中国人群开展ＬＧＭＤ产前诊断的有价值的遗传标记，Ｄ１３Ｓ１４１ 不宜选用做中国人群连锁分析的遗传标记     

中国人D13S31位点多态性及与肝豆状核变性的连锁关系

Ｄ１３Ｓ３１标记位于Ｄ１３ｑ＾１４．３，其Ｔａｑ１内切酶切点的等位片段在中国人群中与白种人相同，且等位片段频率差异不明显。通过对７５名中国人正常个体分析，该标记的多态性等位片段频率结果如下：４．６ｋｂ片段的频率为５４％、６．７ｋｂ片段的频率为４６％、４．６ｋｂ／６．７ｋｂ杂合子频率为５３％。通过对１２个肝豆状核变性家系连锁分析，我们证实Ｄ１３Ｓ３１标记位点与肝豆状核变性基因位点存在紧密连锁关系（θ     

散发性非息肉性大肠癌微卫星DNA不稳定性分析

为分析Ｄ２Ｓ４４１、Ｄ２Ｓ１１９和Ｄ２Ｓ１２３３个微卫星ＤＮ标记位点不稳定性,研究ＳＮＰＣＣ发生机理的分子基础。应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＬＰ扩增微卫星ＤＮＡ,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电流方法对３１例临床诊断为散发性非息肉性大肠癌的肿瘤组织及其相应的正常组织的Ｄ２Ｓ４４１、Ｄ２Ｓ１１９和Ｄ２Ｓ１２３３个微卫星ＤＮＡ标记位点进行分析。结果显示,３１例中,２例在所检测的３个位点均存在微卫星ＤＮＡ不稳定性。提示微卫星ＤＮＡ     

散发性非息肉性大肠癌微卫星DNA不稳定性分析

为分析Ｄ２Ｓ４４１、Ｄ２Ｓ１１９和Ｄ２Ｓ１２３３个微卫星ＤＮＡ标记位点不稳定性,研究ＳＮＰＣＣ发生机理的分子基础。应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＬＰ扩增微卫星ＤＮＡ,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对３１例临床诊断为散发性非息肉性大肠癌的肿瘤组织及其相应的正常组织的Ｄ２Ｓ４４１、Ｄ２Ｓ１１９和Ｄ２Ｓ１２３３个微卫星ＤＮＡ标记位点进行分析。结果显示,３１例中,２例在所检测的３个位点均存在微卫星ＤＮＡ不稳定性。提示微卫星ＤＮＡ不稳定性与散发性非息肉性大肠癌发生有关,可通过检测微卫星ＤＮＡ不稳定性筛选大肠癌高危人群,以便早期预防。     

人体硬组织DNA遗传多态性的研究

用ＰＣＲ扩增片段长度多态性技术分析了３０５名汉族人群ＶＮＴＲ位点ＤＩＳ８０、Ｄ１７Ｓ３０遗传多态性，结果发现：Ｄ１Ｓ８０有２２个等基因，基因频率０．５７－３３．１４，杂合度８２．６３％；Ｄ１７Ｓ３０有１３个等位基因，基因频率０．７８－３５．８８，杂合度８２．６３％。家系分析证实，这些ＶＮＴＲ位点等位基因遗传符合孟德尔遗传规律。同时对同一体的血骨、血牙样本ＤＮＡ进行研究，均获得一致性分析结果。表明骨     

国人D17S30遗传多态性研究

采用基因扩增结合电泳银染技术分析１３０名汉族群体ＤＮＡ Ｄ１７Ｓ３０遗传多态性，发现了１３个等位基因，基因频率为０．００７８￣０．３５３８，有４２种基因型，其观察值和期望值经ｘ＾２检验符合Ｈａｒｄｙ－Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ平衡定律；３个家系的９名成员Ｄ１７Ｓ３０遗传学分析，符合孟德尔遗传学规律。表明ＤＮＡ Ｄ１７Ｓ３０在国人汉族群体具有高度多态性，在医学基因诊断，遗传学研究和法科学个人识别，亲权鉴定等领     

用P~(68SR2.0)标记多态性对Wilson病的早期诊断及杂合子检测

本研究结合临床铜生化检测结果，应用分子生物学技术对６个Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ＇ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ（ＷＤ）家系进行检测，在１３名同胞中共检出２名ＷＤ症状前患者，６名杂合子及１名正常人，另４名无检测意义。其结果表明，来自视网膜母细胞瘤易感基因（Ｒｂ）的标记探针Ｐ６８ＲＳ２．０标记有助于ＷＤ的基因筛选，但不是唯一的诊断依据。     

中国人群中Wilson病家系和正常人D13S4区限制性片段长度…

用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ技术，以１３ｑ２２－３１上的ｐ１Ｅ８探针对中国人群中４个Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ病（ＷＤ）家系和１０例正常人Ｄ１３Ｓ４区ＭｓｐＩ酶切片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）分析。结果表明：Ａ，Ｂ两杂交片段出现的频率分别为４６．９％和５３．１％，这和国外报道的频率０．４９／０．５１是一致的，同时对ＷＤ家系成员Ａ，Ｂ两杂交片段出现频率和正常人相比较，经统计学处理，ｘ＾２＝０．０２６〈３．８，ｐ〉０…     

慢性乙型重型病毒性肝炎患者前S1基因变异的观察

探讨慢性乙型重型病毒性肝炎患者前Ｓ１基因的变异。方法；采用半巢式ＰＣＲ从乙肝患者血清中扩增前Ｓ１基因，克隆于噬噬菌体Ｍ１３ｍｐ１９，随机挑选９个克隆进行ＤＮＡ序列分析。结果：与野生株ＨＢＶａｄｒ序列相比，所测克隆呈高度异质性，核苷酸差异率４．７％－３１．３％，氨基酸差异率２２．０％－９４．０％，无一克隆与野生株序列一致所测９个克隆中，５个表碱基缺失，其中４个的缺失大于２４％，而且缺失在前Ｓ１基因的     

肝豆状核变性分子生物学研究

【目的】探讨中国人肝豆状核变性(WD)的分子发病机制和基因诊断的方法。【方法】应用基因工程技术对WD进行了10年的分子生物学研究。【结果】①WD的基因定位研究通过RFLP及微卫星多态性分析,应用两位点及多位点连锁软件,建立了中国人WD基因在D     

中国人群中Wilson病家系和正常人D13S4区限制性片段长度多态性分析

用Southern blot技术,以13q22-31上的plE8探针对中国人群中4个Wilson病(WD)家系和10例正常人D13S4区见MspⅠ酶切片段长度多态性(RFL)分析。结果表明:A、B两杂交片段出现的频率分别为46.9％和53.1％,这和国外报道的频率0.49/0.51是一致的,同时对WD家系成员A、B两杂交片段出现频率和正常人相比较,经统计学处理,x~2=0.026<3.8,P>0.05。无显著性差异。并对中国人群中WD遗传异质性、连锁不平衡以及WD家系成员的临床前诊断做了探讨,为WD基因的研究和基因水平的诊断提供了科学依据。     

Linkage analysis of five Chinese families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy using microsatellite genetic markers

Objective To explore the linkage relationship between specific genetic markers and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in Chinese pedigrees. Methods The microsatellite genetic markers D2S152, D14S252, and D10S1664 were studied for their linkages to ARVC in five Chinese ARVC pedigrees and a normal population of 121 Chinese individuals. Genomic DNA of the pedigrees and normal population was amplified using PCR techniques. Denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gel (4%) electrophoresis was used to detect microsatellite repeat polymorphisms. Gels were silver-stained. A classical linkage analysis program was used assuming models of autosomal dominance and recession. Results The logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores of D2S152 with ARVC in LW, WD, DS, LC and TY pedigrees were 2.174, －0.589, －∞, － （indicating that linkage is not supported in this mode）, and －∞ respectively in autosomal dominant model （recombination fraction=0.000 respectively）and were －∞, －∞, －∞, －∞, and 0.182 respectively in the autosomal recessive model. The LOD scores of D14S252 with ARVC in LW, WD, DS, LC and TY pedigrees were －, －, －∞, －, and 0 respectively in autosomal dominant model, and were －∞, －0.812, －∞, －∞, and 0.087 respectively in autosomal recessive model. The LOD scores of D2S152 with ARVC in LW, WD, DS, LC and TY pedigrees were －, －0.539, －, and 0.602 respectively in autosomal dominant model and were －, －∞, －∞, －∞, and －∞ respectively in autosomal recessive model. Conclusions The LOD score for D2S152 in the LW pedigree was 2.174, indicating that the chance of linkage is about 150∶1. This suggests that there is a possible ARVC-related gene near this marker. There were no clear linkage relationships between ARVC and D10S1664 and D14S252 in this family, and no linkages between ARVC and any of the three genetic markers in the other four families. These results also suggest that there is genetic heterogeneity in LW and in the other pedigrees.     

精神分裂症高发家系13q的连锁分析

目的在中国人群中验证精神分裂症易感基因是否与13q连锁。方法收集4个精神分裂症高发家系,采集家系成员外周血,提取DNA。在13q14-13q33选取7个微卫星标记,进行部分基因组扫描,采用GENEHUNTER2.1软件进行单点和多点的参数、非参数连锁分析。结果单点非参数连锁分析D13S156、D13S170、D13S265、D13S159、D13S158位点NPL值分别为1.40、2.25、2.06、1.71和1.39。多点非参数连锁分析得到约50cM的阳性区域。单点和多点参数连锁分析也在一些位点得到阳性结果。结论13q22.1-13q33.1染色体区域可能存在精神分裂症的易感基因。     

Gene mapping of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa in a Chinese family

Background The autosomal dominant form of retinitis pigmentosa （ADRP） can be caused by mutations in 14 genes and further loci remains to be identified. This study was intended to identify mutations in a Chinese pedigree with ADRP.
Methods A large Chinese family with retinitis pigmentosa was collected. The genetic analysis of the family suggested an autosomal dominant pattern. Microsatellite （STR） markers tightly linked to genes known to be responsible for ADRP were selected for linkage analysis. Exons along with adjacent splice junctions of PRPF31 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and screened by direct sequencing.
Results The caused gene of ADRP was mapped to 19q13.4 between markers D19S572 and D19S877, with a maximum LOD score of 3.01 at marker D19S418 （recombination fraction=0）.
Conclusion The affected gene linked to the 19q13.4 in a Chinese family with ADRP, which is different from other mutations at the same loci in other Chinese families.     

Genome-wide allelotype study of primary glioblastoma multiforme

Objective To investigate the molecular genetic pathogenesis of primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and identify which chromosomes or chromosomal regions of the entire genome may harbor tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) associated with GBM.Methods A high-resolution allelotype study of 21 cases of primary GBM was performed by PCR-based loss of heterozygosity （LOH）analysis. Three hundred and eighty-two fluorescent dye-labeled microsatellite markers covering all 22 autosomes were applied. The mean genetic distance between two flanking markers was about 10 cM.Results LOH was observed on all 39 nonacrocentric autosomal arms examined in this study. The LOH frequencies of 10q, 10p, 9p, 17p and 13q were the highest (&gt;50%). Furthermore, high LOH frequencies were detected in the regions containing known TSGs including PTEN, DMBT1, p16, p15, p53 and RB; the LOH frequencies on 14q, 3q, 22q, 11p, 9q, 19q were also high (&gt;40.5%). Our study observed the following commonly deleted regions: 9p22-23, 10p12.2-14, 10q21.3, 13q12.1-14.1, 13q14.3-31, 17p11.2-12, 17p13, 3q25.2-26.2, 11p12-13, 14q13-31, 14q32.1, 14q11.1-13, 22q13.3, 4q35, 4q31.1-31.2, 6q27 and 6q21-23.3. Conclusions The molecular pathogenesis of GBM is very complicated and associated with a variety of genetic abnormalities on many chromosomal arms. The most closely related chromosomal arms to the pathogenesis of GBM are 10q, 10p, 9p, 17p and 13q. Besides the well-known TSGs including PTEN, DMBT1, p16, p15, p53 and RB, multiple unknown TSGs associated with GBM may be present on the commonly deleted regions detected in the present study.     

胰岛素瘤频发MEN-1抑癌基因及22q的杂合缺失及其意义

目的探讨胰岛素瘤发病的可能机制,寻找鉴别胰岛素瘤良恶性的分子遗传学指标。方法40个胰岛素瘤肿瘤标本(8个恶性,32个良性)经显微切割获取肿瘤组织和正常对照组织,并提取相应的基因组DNA。用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测MEN-1基因以及22号染色体长臂(22q)的杂合缺失(LOH)。结果40．0％的肿瘤发生MEN-1的LOH,75．0％的肿瘤发生22q的LOH。22q12(D22S929与D22S280之间)和22q13．3是LOH的2个频发区域,分别占30个22qLOH的37．0％(11／30)和47．0％(14／30)。在D22S280位点,有8个肿瘤标本发生D22S280LOH,但无一例发生MEN-1 LOH,而无D22S280 LOH的30个肿瘤标本中,有14个发生MEN-1 LOH(47．0％)(P=0．016)。在第2个频发区中,14个发生LOH的肿瘤有6个(43．0％)为恶性,26个无LOH肿瘤中有2个(8．0％)为恶性(P=0．0088)。结论在D22S280位点上发生LOH可能是一个与MEN-1基因无关的独立的胰岛素瘤致病因素。发生22q13．3 LOH可能与肿瘤恶性相关。     

视网膜母细胞瘤中基因杂合缺失现象的研究

目的：由于Rb1基因的失活可能不是引发视网膜母细胞瘤（RB）的唯一因素。因此，此项课题中我们通过探索第13号染色体上基因杂合缺失（LOH）现象发生的机率以及通过家系分析确定标记位点缺失的遗传学源，试图探明其它可能参与RB发生发展的基因存在的位点，并试图寻找和确定具有诊断及预后价值的LOH检测指标。方法：16个RB患者成对的肿瘤与其相应血清标本在13号染色体上14个微卫星标记处通过荧光PCR进行扩增，分别测定LOH；并通过对患者家庭进行分析确定标记位点缺失的遗传学来源。结果：16个RB患者上，12个在13号染色体上一个或一个以上位点发生LOH，其中三个位点，D13S265，D13S263和D13S153（位于Rb1基因内），LOH发生机率最高，分别是8个，8个和9个，12个LOH阳性标本中有10个标记位点的缺失被确定发生在父系来源的染色体中，LOH阳性及阴性组肿瘤的发生时间分别为504d和1086d。结论：在位点D13S263（13q14.1-14.2)和D13S265（13q31-32)处可能含有某些未知基因参与RB的发生发展，在我们的实验群体中标记位点缺失大多选择性地发生在父系来源的染色体中，此外，LOH阳性组的患者RB确诊时间早于LOH阴性组，其中D13S263和D13S265两个位点的LOH现象可能对RB的早期诊断具有一定提示作用。     

尿脱落细胞6号染色体长臂的微卫星改变诊断膀胱肿瘤

目的：探讨尿脱落细胞6q的微卫星改变(MA)在膀胱肿瘤早期诊断中的应用价值，并研究6q的杂合性缺失(LOH)与膀胱肿瘤的关系．方法：应用6q21区域附近D6S404，D6S434微卫星标志，以PCR—SSLP—银染法对31例膀胱肿瘤的尿脱落细胞与肿瘤组织进行微卫星分析．结果：64．5％的肿瘤组织和58．1％的尿脱落细胞发生MA;10例非膀胱肿瘤对照未出现MA；检出率与肿瘤分期，分级无相关性；肿瘤组织D6S404 LOH发生率35．5％，D6S434 LOH发生率22．6％．结论：尿脱落细胞微卫星分析有早期诊断意义；6q21区域附近可能存在与膀胱肿瘤相关的肿瘤抑制基因．     

CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A METAL RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-CONTAINING FRAGMENT FROM THE WILSON DISEASE GENE LOCUS BY JUNCTION TRAPPING

All mammalian metallothionaln genes studied to dare have several metal responsive elements (MRE) with consensus sequences of TGCRCNC (R, purlne) in their regulatory region. MRE-11ke sequeaees were also found in many other metal-related genes. To see whether there is also such a sequence at the genetic locus (13q14. 3) d Wilstm disease, which is a genetic disorder d copper metabolisa‘‘n, junction-trapping method baaed on the MRE sequence was used. A fragment containing MRE and MRE-like sequences from YAC 27D8 at the WND locus was successfully cloned and mapped back to the YAC by PC, R, Presence of such a sequence in the copper transporter gene at the W‘‘D locus might imply that it has a possible interesting role in the regulation of WD gene expression.