宝鸡市簸箕山滑坡特征及治理对策

文中分析了宝鸡市簸箕山滑坡特征,提出了滑坡防治对策和治理措施.     

混合井排水法在滑坡治理中的数值分析——以宝鸡簸箕山滑坡为例

本文将混合井的概念引入滑坡治理的方案中,通过利用混合井排水降低滑坡体内的地下水位,提高滑坡的稳定性.文中提出了混合井排水在滑坡治理中的适用条件,并以宝鸡簸箕山滑坡为例,在软件Modelflow中建立三维模型进行数值模拟,提出了在滑坡治理中的混合井排水的优化方案.     

陕西宝鸡地区千阳县塌山黄土滑坡稳定性分析

通过对宝鸡塌山黄土滑坡详细调查和钻探结果表明:具有特殊性的黄土为塌山黄土滑坡形成提供了物质基础;斜坡地形地貌、顺向斜坡结构、黄土节理等为塌山黄土滑坡提供了边界条件;人类活动、降水等是塌山黄土滑坡形成的主导诱发因素;多种因素相辅相成,导致塌山黄土滑坡发生发展。其次,采用SARMA法和FLAC法对滑坡稳定性进行了计算和模拟分析,通过对滑坡体土体应力的分析与滑坡安全系数计算表明,在天然状态下塌山黄土滑坡现今整体稳定,局部(滑坡前缘左侧)有失稳可能,这与野外调查塌山黄土滑坡现今变形特征以及整体稳定局部可能失稳的结论基本一致。而在饱和状态、天然状态＋地震、饱和状态＋地震3种工况下,塌山黄土滑坡整体失稳的可能性较大。     

利用颗粒流离散元素法研究台湾遽变式滑坡的运动和规程模式

山崩和滑坡的分布在全球非常普遍,往往对民众造成生命与财产极大的损失,仅1992至2001年间,山崩和滑坡造成全球超过9 000人死亡;台湾位于欧亚大陆板块与菲律宾板块的交接处,为当今世界上最活跃的造山带之一,地块极为年轻和不稳定,地震频繁,加上每年夏秋二季的台风侵袭,因此山坡地上极易发生大型遽变式的滑坡事件.台湾近年来最令人瞩目的大型遽变式滑坡事件有草岭的多次滑坡事件(包括1999年集集地震所诱发的滑坡事件)、1999年集集地震所诱发的九份二山崩塌事件和2009年莫拉克台风造成小林村灭村的献肚山滑坡事件[1].     

《汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论》

殷跃平等著 本书概要论述了汶川8．0级地震发震构造——龙门山断裂带地质成因、演化历史和活动特征;介绍了自1991年以来,特别是地震发生前后,龙门山断裂带及邻区地壳运动的GPS监测成果,以及沿龙门山断裂带产生的地震陡坎、地震鼓包、地表破裂等地震变形和同震位移调查成果。系统介绍了汶川地震诱发的15000多处滑坡等地质灾害基本分布和33处滑坡堰塞湖的风险评价结果;对地震滑坡的触发机理和类型进行了初步研究,     

《汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论》出版

由地质灾害防治专家殷跃平博士等著的《汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论》,今年3月由地质出版社出版发行。该书概要论述了汶川8．0级地震发震构造——龙门山断裂带地质成因、演化历史和活动特征;介绍了自1991年以来,特别是地震发生前后,龙门山断裂带及邻区地壳运动的GPS监测成果,以及沿龙门山断裂带产生的地震陡坎、地震鼓包、地表破裂等地震变形和同震位移调查成果;系统介绍了地震诱发的15000多处滑坡等地质灾害的基本分布和33处滑坡堰塞湖的风险评价结果;     

四川汶川地震诱发滑坡与峰值速度的关系

利用汶川地震诱发的滑坡资料和得到的地震动数据,对地震诱发滑坡与峰值速度的关系进行了分析,得到一些基本认识：①地震诱发滑坡与地震动峰值速度(PGV)存在明显的正相关性,可以利用PGV作为判别地震滑坡的判据;②汶川地震龙门山震区可以触发地震滑坡的PGV下限约为0.5m/s;③龙门山震区可以触发地震滑坡的PGV上限约为1.5m/s;④建立了汶川地震龙门山震区PGV衰减关系,可用以估计地震滑坡致灾的范围。利用地震动参数研究地震诱发滑坡具有很好的一致性,可以克服应用烈度时存在的不足。上述研究结果可以应用于震后灾害快速评估工作中,为应急救援方案的制定提供参考信息。     

黄土塬区煤田弯线地震勘探采集技术的应用

在黄土塬区,选择弯线地震勘探技术,相对传统的直测线地震勘探而言,可以克服由于黄土巨厚、沟谷陡峭、黄土干燥疏松且厚度横向变化剧烈等因素造成的激发、接收困难。设计弯线地震勘探观测系统,应遵循空间、时间条件来决定叠加次数;并考虑弯线叠加特点,计算弯曲测线共反射面元属性及道距、炮间距;根据动校正拉伸畸变,速度精度要求等综合因素选择炮检距。总之,弯线地震勘探技术的关键在于共反射面元属性分析,炮检中点的分散范围、分散度等参数的计算及优化。     

汶川地震滑坡与地震参数及地质地貌因素之间的相关关系

在对汶川地震诱发的典型滑坡进行野外调查和相关资料收集、分析和整理的基础上,对汶川地震滑坡与地震参数及坡度、岩土体特性等地质地貌因素之间的相关关系进行了统计分析。结果表明: (1)汶川地震滑坡主要发生在Ⅶ～Ⅺ烈度区, Ⅵ度及以下烈度区中发生的滑坡较少; (2)汶川地震滑坡主要发生在距震中300km的范围内,且距震中200km的范围内滑坡分布最为集中; (3)汶川地震滑坡的易发斜坡坡度为30～50,其中30～40是汶川地震滑坡发育最为敏感的坡度; (4)汶川地震滑坡主要发生在600～1500m的高程范围内,在600～1000m高程范围内的中低山和丘陵区滑坡分布最为集中; (5)砂泥岩、板岩、片岩、千枚岩等软岩类和土质类岩性是汶川地震滑坡的易发岩性,其次是软硬岩组合类,在统计的47个典型滑坡中,花岗岩、碳酸盐岩等硬岩类中发生的滑坡最少,而且由汶川地震直接导致复活的老滑坡也比较少。     

甘肃天水红旗山黄土滑坡群成因及稳定性分析

天水市位于西秦岭北缘断裂带,区内活动断裂发育,历史上强震频发,诱发了大量黄土滑坡。基于对天水市北山地震滑坡群的野外调查,研究了地震滑坡变形破坏特征;以红旗山滑坡群为典型案例,结合室内测试结果,剖析了红旗山滑坡的变形破坏机制;利用FLAC3D模拟分析了现今红旗山滑坡的稳定性。研究结果表明:天水北山滑坡群由地震作用诱发;红旗山滑坡包含两个主滑动带,历史上经历了3期以上变形活动,演化过程复杂,属地震-降雨耦合型滑坡。现今红旗山滑坡体在天然状态下相对稳定,如遇强震作用将造成坡体内部塑性区贯通,斜坡顶部岩土体将发生滑移。这一研究成果可为潜在强震区地震滑坡的变形机理及防灾减灾提供依据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)