多孔介质发动机工作过程单区模型模拟

采用单区燃烧模型模拟多孔介质（PM）发动机的压缩、燃烧和膨胀过程。以热力学第一定律为基础，引入多孔介质换热模型，建立了多孔介质发动机的能量方程。计算了多种工况参数下PM发动机缸内温度、压强变化规律，分别讨论了压缩比、过量空气系数、多孔介质温度、多孔介质体换热系数等参数对多孔介质发动机燃烧过程的影响。将PM发动机与传统发动机加以比较，结果表明PM使缸内温度和压强的变化趋于平缓，这有利于混合气着火并可降低NO，排放。     

两种形式多孔介质发动机燃用液体燃料的着火特性

融合一种新式燃烧理念的多孔介质发动机,能够实现发动机的均质、高效和稳定燃烧.为加深对两种形式多孔介质发动机燃用液体燃料着火特性的了解及探讨影响其各自压燃着火的因素,用改进的KIVA-3V对两种形式的多孔介质发动机燃用异辛烷的工作过程进行了模拟,并讨论了多孔介质初始温度、多孔介质结构对两种形式发动机压燃着火的影响.计算结果表明,压缩比一定时,多孔介质初始温度是决定两种形式多孔介质发动机能否实现压燃着火的重要因素;与永久性接触型发动机相比,在较低的多孔介质初始温度下,即可保证周期性接触型发动机实现压燃着火;多孔介质结构通过改变多孔介质内气固两相换热及弥散作用影响两种形式多孔介质发动机的压燃着火.     

多孔介质发动机燃烧过程的多维数值研究

多孔介质发动机是一种新概念内燃机,它能实现均质和稳定燃烧.用改进的KIVA-3V对一种特定结构的多孔介质发动机的工作过程进行了模拟,并讨论了多孔介质初始温度、多孔介质结构特点对其燃烧与工作特性的影响.计算结果表明,在压缩比一定时,多孔介质初始温度是多孔介质发动机能否压燃着火的决定性因素;不同结构的泡沫陶瓷直接影响多孔介质内气固两相的换热,影响燃烧后期缸内温度和多孔介质固相的平均温度.     

HCCI发动机多区燃烧模型的比较研究

多区模型作为现阶段均质压燃（HCCI）发动机高效准确的数值模型得到了世界范围的广泛关注。讨论了不同子模型对多区模型预测性能的影响。以实验为基准，比较了多区模型中区间划分、缸壁传热模型、区间热量交换模型、区间质量交换模型和边界层模型对HCCI发动机燃烧和排放模拟结果的影响，全部计算均基于异辛烷的详细化学动力学机理。结果表明：在区间划分时对温度较低的区域细化可以提高排放的计算效果，而对高温区域的细化对计算结果影响不大；改进的Woschni传热模型更准确地模拟了缸壁的传热过程；区间的质量和热量交换对计算结果影响显著，特别是质量交换模型的加入使CO排放的预测与实验值更为接近；而边界层厚度模型对整个结果影响不大。     

回热式多孔介质发动机的排放特性分析

研究了回热式多孔介质发动机的排放特性.使用Ferrenberg所提出的回热式发动机模型,其多孔介质面热器在气缸中作往复运动.用改进的KIVA-3V程序进行了二维模拟.探讨了在不同当量比和孔隙率条件下,气缸内燃烧和排放特性.结果表明,回热式多孔介质发动机在燃烧和排放方面较之常规都有明显的优势.采用低当量比能有效地降低污染物的排放,而孔隙率的影响则与当量比有关.分析证明,采用多孔介质回热器是发动机实现稀薄燃烧的一条可供选择的途径.     

多孔介质发动机流动与燃烧特性的大涡模拟初探

对多孔介质发动机的燃烧特性采用大涡模拟进行了初步分析.首先计算了考虑多孔介质随机结构特性的定容燃烧室内气体燃料喷射过程,并与自由空间中的喷射过程进行了对比.然后采用大涡模型对两种结构形式的多孔介质发动机的燃烧过程进行了初步的计算分析.多孔介质的存在增强了湍流涡团的小尺度结构,明显改变了燃料的空间分布,而采用大涡模拟(L...     

多孔介质特性参数对燃烧温度及压力影响的数值模拟研究

考查了两段式多孔介质内预混气燃烧的温度与压力分布情况。建立了甲烷／空气预混气体在多孔介质内燃烧的二维数学模型,运用FLUENT软件求解瞬态控制方程的方法计算出燃烧稳定后多孔介质内的温度、与压力分布,并考查了不同当量比、多孔介质辐射衰减系数和导热系数对温度和压力分布的影响。结果表明,甲烷／空气预混气体在多孔介质中燃烧,当量比越大温度峰值越高,压力梯度越大;小孔介质辐射衰减系数的改变对温度分布和压力分布没有明显的影响,而大孔介质辐射衰减系数对温度分布和压力分布有较大的影响;增加多孔介质的导热系数,会使固相与气相温度均有所升高,燃烧区域压力降低。     

基于液体燃料的多孔介质燃烧技术研究现状

对国内外近年来关于多孔介质燃烧技术在液体燃料燃烧领域的实验及数值模拟研究做了较为全面的综述和分析。分析表明:多孔介质燃烧技术为液体燃料提供了一种可能的先进燃烧方式。相较于传统自由空间内的火焰燃烧,多孔介质燃烧技术可改善液体燃料的雾化、蒸发,获得低排放、高稳定性、宽负荷比的燃烧表现。该技术在燃油锅炉、燃气轮机、斯特林发动机等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。     

基于液体燃料的多孔介质燃烧技术研究现状

对国内外近年来关于多孔介质燃烧技术在液体燃料燃烧领域的实验及数值模拟研究做了较为全面的综述和分析。分析表明:多孔介质燃烧技术为液体燃料提供了一种可能的先进燃烧方式。相较于传统自由空间内的火焰燃烧,多孔介质燃烧技术可改善液体燃料的雾化、蒸发,获得低排放、高稳定性、宽负荷比的燃烧表现。该技术在燃油锅炉、燃气轮机、斯特林发动机等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。     

多入口多孔介质燃烧器的数值模拟

在多入口燃烧器内加入多孔介质,以甲烷/空气为燃料,采用非预混燃烧的数值模拟方法,探究多入口燃烧器的燃烧情况.对比多孔介质燃烧与空间自由燃烧,分析了"超焓燃烧"现象;在多孔介质燃烧基础上,探究不同当量比对燃烧温度的影响;在多孔介质燃烧和不同当量比的基础上探究污染物CO和CO_2的排放情况.结果表明:多孔介质燃烧可以实现"超焓燃烧"特性,燃烧火焰温度高于自由空间燃烧温度;当量比对燃烧温度影响很大,随着当量比的增大,燃烧器内最高燃烧温度升高,但燃烧过程存在一个最佳当量比0.6,超过该当量比后最高温度将不再变化;多入口多孔介质燃烧有助于减少CO和CO_2的生成量.     

Matching of a DC motor to a photovoltaic generator using a step-upconverter with a current-locked loop

A photovoltaic (PV) generator is a nonlinear device having insolation-dependent volt-ampere characteristics. Because of its relatively high cost, the system designer is interested in optimum matching of the motor and its mechanical load to the PV generator so that maximum power is obtained during the entire operating period. However, since the maximum-power point varies with solar insolation, it is difficult to achieve an optimum matching that is valid for all insolation levels. In this paper it is shown that for maximum power, the generator current must be directly proportional to insolation. This remarkable property is utilized to achieve insolation-independent optimum matching. A shunt DC motor driving a centrifugal water pump is supplied from a PV generator via a step-up converter whose duty ratio is controlled using a current-locked feedback loop     

Coupling a two-temperature model and a one-temperature model at a fluid-porous interface

We study a convective heat transfer problem in a fluid-porous domain in the case of the local thermal non-equilibrium assumption (LTNE). The issue of this study is to determine appropriate boundary conditions to model heat transfer, while using models with a different number of equations: a two-temperature model in the homogeneous porous region versus a one-temperature model in the free region. To proceed, a two-step up-scaling approach is used, which has the particularity to provide closed jump relations depending on intrinsic characteristic of the interface. Thus, the use of jump or continuity conditions depend only on the interface location inside the fluid-porous transition region. The pertinence of the approach is illustrated on a 2D convective heat transfer problem considering a solid heat source in the porous medium.     

Studies on a two-staged micro-combustor for a micro-reformer integrated with a micro-evaporator

A new micro-combustor configuration for a micro fuel-cell reformer integrated with a micro-evaporator is studied experimentally and computationally. The micro-combustor as a heat source is designed for a 10–15 W micro-reformer using the steam reforming method. In order to satisfy the primary requirements for designing a micro-combustor integrated with a micro-evaporator, i.e., stable burning in a small confinement and maximum heat transfer through a wall, the present micro-combustor is a simply cylinder, which is easy to fabricate, but is two-staged (expanding downstream) to control ignition and stable burning. The aspect ratio and wall thickness of the micro-combustor substantially affect ignition and thermal characteristics. For optimized design conditions, a pre-mixed micro-flame is easily ignited in the expanded second-stage combustor, moves into the smaller first-stage combustor, and finally is stabilized therein. The measured and predicted temperature distributions across the micro-combustor walls indicate that heat generated in the micro-combustor is well transferred. Thus, the present micro-combustor configuration can be applied to practical micro-reformers integrated with a micro-evaporator for use with fuel cells.     

Using a fin with a parabolic concentrator

The consequences of using a fin collector in focusing solar collectors is examined and is found to have merits.     

Bioconvection in a squeezing flow of a micropolar fluid in a horizontal channel

The bioconvection flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid containing microorganisms between two infinite stretchable parallel plates is considered. A mathematical model, with a fully coupled nonlinear system of equations describing the total mass, momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion, and microorganisms is presented. The governing equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable transformations. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are linearized using successive linearization method, and the resulting system of linear equations is solved using the Chebyshev collocation method. The detailed analysis illustrating the influences of various physical parameters, such as the micropolar coupling number, squeezing parameter, the bioconvection Schmidt number, Prandtl numbers, Lewis number, and bioconvection Peclet number on the velocity, microrotation, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism distributions, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density number of motile microorganism, is examined. The influence of the squeezing parameter is to increase the dimensionless velocities and temperature and to decrease the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number. The density number of motile microorganism is decreasing with squeezing parameter, bioconvection Lewis number, bioconvection Peclet number, and bioconvection Schmidt number.     

Exploration of heat transfer effect in a magnetohydrodynamics flow of a micropolar fluid between a porous and a nonporous disk

An analysis is carried out for the flow characteristics of a conducting micropolar fluid. The fluid was passed in between two parallel disks of infinite radii. The novelty of the study is to consider one of the disks as porous and the other one as nonporous, and the external magnetic field is applied along the transverse direction of the flow. The flow phenomena for the polar fluid characterized by the magnetic effect in conjunction with the temperature equation reduce to a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the requisite transformations and nondimensionalization. An analytical approach such as the variation parameter method is employed to tackle the system efficiently. To emphasize the effect of various physical parameters contributing to the flow phenomena, that is, non-zero tangential slip, Reynolds number, Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, and material parameter on the flow profiles of axial and radial velocities, the microrotation and temperature profiles are presented graphically. To validate the simulated results, a comparison with established results is made, and it is concluded that both are in good correlation.     

Development of a system model for a hydrogen production process on a solar tower

An attractive path to the production of hydrogen from water is a two-step thermo chemical cycle powered by concentrated sunlight from a solar tower system. In the first process step the redox system, a ferrite coated on a monolithic honeycomb absorber, is present in its reduced form while the concentrated solar energy hits the ceramic absorber. When water vapour is fed to the honeycomb at 800 °C, oxygen is abstracted from the water molecules, bond in the redox system and hydrogen is produced. When the metal oxide system is completely oxidised it is heated up for regeneration at 1100–1200 °C in an oxygen-lean atmosphere. Under those conditions and in the second process step, oxygen is set free from the redox system, so the metal oxide is being reduced and after completion of the reaction again capable for water splitting.Since the overall process consists of two core reaction steps, which need to be carried out sequentially in a reactor unit at two different temperature steps, a special process and plant concept had to be developed enabling the continuous supply of product regardless of the alternating nature of the solar reactor operation. The challenge of the process control is to keep the two core reaction temperatures constant and to ensure regular temperature switches after completion of the individual process steps, independent of the weather conditions, like DNI fluctuation, clouds and wind speed. Also start-up, the fast switching after completion of half-cycles and the shutdown must be controlled. State of the art is the manual switching of heliostats to fulfil those control tasks.This paper describes the development and use of a system model of this process. The model consists of three main parts: the simulation of the solar flux distribution at the receiver aperture, the simulation of the temperatures in the reactor modules and the simulation of the hydrogen generation. It can be used for the analysis of the operational behaviour. The model is intended to be used in the future for the control of the whole process.     

Comparative analysis of a Sisko nanofluid over a stretching cylinder through a porous medium

The present article examines the Sisko nanofluid flow and heat transfer through a porous medium due to a stretching cylinder using Buongiorno's model for nanofluids. Suitable similarity transformations are used to transform the governing boundary layer equations of fluid flow into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The finite difference method is used to solve coupled nonlinear differential equations with MATLAB software. The impact of different parameters viz., the Sisko material parameter, porosity parameter, curvature parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and Brownian diffusion parameter on the velocity and temperature distribution are presented graphically. Moreover, the effect of the involved parameters on the heat transfer rate is also studied and presented through table values. It is noticed from the numerical values that the porosity parameter reduces the velocity while enhancing the temperature. The curvature parameter enhances the velocity throughout the fluid regime and reduces the temperature near the surface while enhancing the temperature far away from the surface. The study reveals that the thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion parameters that characterize the nanofluid flow reduce the wall heat transfer rate, while the curvature parameter enhances it. This investigation of wall heating/cooling has essential applications in solar porous water absorber systems, chemical engineering, metallurgy, material processing, and so forth.