多孔介质发动机燃烧过程的多维数值研究

多孔介质发动机是一种新概念内燃机,它能实现均质和稳定燃烧.用改进的KIVA-3V对一种特定结构的多孔介质发动机的工作过程进行了模拟,并讨论了多孔介质初始温度、多孔介质结构特点对其燃烧与工作特性的影响.计算结果表明,在压缩比一定时,多孔介质初始温度是多孔介质发动机能否压燃着火的决定性因素;不同结构的泡沫陶瓷直接影响多孔介质内气固两相的换热,影响燃烧后期缸内温度和多孔介质固相的平均温度.     

两种形式多孔介质发动机燃用液体燃料的着火特性

融合一种新式燃烧理念的多孔介质发动机,能够实现发动机的均质、高效和稳定燃烧.为加深对两种形式多孔介质发动机燃用液体燃料着火特性的了解及探讨影响其各自压燃着火的因素,用改进的KIVA-3V对两种形式的多孔介质发动机燃用异辛烷的工作过程进行了模拟,并讨论了多孔介质初始温度、多孔介质结构对两种形式发动机压燃着火的影响.计算结果表明,压缩比一定时,多孔介质初始温度是决定两种形式多孔介质发动机能否实现压燃着火的重要因素;与永久性接触型发动机相比,在较低的多孔介质初始温度下,即可保证周期性接触型发动机实现压燃着火;多孔介质结构通过改变多孔介质内气固两相换热及弥散作用影响两种形式多孔介质发动机的压燃着火.     

回热式多孔介质发动机的排放特性分析

研究了回热式多孔介质发动机的排放特性.使用Ferrenberg所提出的回热式发动机模型,其多孔介质面热器在气缸中作往复运动.用改进的KIVA-3V程序进行了二维模拟.探讨了在不同当量比和孔隙率条件下,气缸内燃烧和排放特性.结果表明,回热式多孔介质发动机在燃烧和排放方面较之常规都有明显的优势.采用低当量比能有效地降低污染物的排放,而孔隙率的影响则与当量比有关.分析证明,采用多孔介质回热器是发动机实现稀薄燃烧的一条可供选择的途径.     

多孔介质发动机的双区燃烧模型

多孔介质(PM)发动机是基于多孔介质燃烧技术的新型发动机,能够实现均质和稳定燃烧。在考虑了区间质量分布、壁面传热、区间质量交换等因素的基础上,结合多孔介质换热模型,建立了多孔介质发动机的一种双区模型,对其燃烧过程进行模拟。着重讨论了进气温度和压强、压缩比、过量空气系数等参数对多孔介质发动机性能的影响。计算结果表明多孔介质对混合气的预热作用,促进了液体燃料汽化和燃烧反应发生,多孔介质初始温度对发动机的压燃着火起决定性作用。     

多孔介质发动机工作过程单区模型模拟

采用单区燃烧模型模拟多孔介质（PM）发动机的压缩、燃烧和膨胀过程。以热力学第一定律为基础，引入多孔介质换热模型，建立了多孔介质发动机的能量方程。计算了多种工况参数下PM发动机缸内温度、压强变化规律，分别讨论了压缩比、过量空气系数、多孔介质温度、多孔介质体换热系数等参数对多孔介质发动机燃烧过程的影响。将PM发动机与传统发动机加以比较，结果表明PM使缸内温度和压强的变化趋于平缓，这有利于混合气着火并可降低NO，排放。     

基于并行计算的二次喷射式HCCI汽油机的三维数值模拟

建立了缸内直喷HCCI汽油机带进、排气道的燃烧系统的三维工作过程循环数值模型,实现了HCCI发动机包括进气、压缩、燃烧、膨胀和排气工作过程的三维循环模拟并进行了验证.首先基于并行计算进行了不同当量比(负荷)工况下HCCI发动机缸内过程的对比分析,研究了负荷对HCCI发动机着火、燃烧和排放的影响.进而模拟了缸内直喷二次喷射的HCCI发动机循环工作过程,解析了HCCI发动机着火燃烧和排放过程,揭示了HCCI发动机缸内直喷二次喷射控制着火的规律.计算结果有助于对HCCI燃烧过程的深入理解,为HCCI发动机燃烧过程的优化提供了依据.     

基于大涡模拟的发动机缸内湍流流动及拟序结构

应用大涡模拟方法对发动机缸内湍流流场进行了三维瞬态数值分析.主要从湍流脉动、湍动能和缸内拟序结构演变等方面考察了发动机缸内流场特性.计算结果表明:相比雷诺平均模型,大涡模拟方法可以更真实地反映发动机循环过程中缸内气体流动的细节和规律.利用大涡模拟结合Q准则判别法可以较好地识别缸内大尺度湍流拟序结构;拟序结构对于缸内大尺度动能的产生及湍流的维持具有关键的作用.RANS类模型则不具备充分捕获大尺度拟序结构的能力.湍流脉动与活塞平均运行速度接近于成正比.     

稀疏化动态模态分解算法在发动机缸内流场研究中的应用

采用大涡数值模拟方法模拟了发动机缸内冷态流场,连续计算100个周期,获得了缸内多循环流场数据库,模拟结果通过粒子图像速度场测量技术(PIV)测量试验进行了验证.然后,采用动态模式分解(DMD)算法分析动态非线性系统流场数据库,以识别其流动特性.结果表明:DMD算法能够有效识别缸内涡团脉动频率,提取对应的流场结构,有利于发现在发动机整个工作过程中具有大衰变率的不稳定流场结构.此外,改进的"稀疏化"DMD算法可有效地对最重要的流场结构进行低维近似,这将有利于寻找影响和控制发动机缸内流场动态演化的方法.     

生物质热燃气多孔介质直燃机理与脱焦特性研究

为研究含焦油的生物质热燃气在多孔介质中的燃烧机理与焦油燃烧脱除特性,采用固相实体颗粒堆积法模拟多孔介质,通过分析燃烧过程中反应器内温度、热流密度以及反应动力学速率等参数场的分布特征,揭示了当量比对生物质热燃气多孔介质燃烧过程的显著影响作用.研究表明,焦油燃烧脱除过程中直接氧化反应速率高是决定焦油出口浓度小、转化率高的关...     

缸内直喷汽油机喷雾、混合气形成和燃烧过程的三维数值模拟

建立了带进排气道的缸内直喷(GDI)汽油机三维数值模型,并对喷雾模型和燃烧模型进行了实验标定,进而模拟了GDI发动机化学当量比条件下均质混合气和分层混合气两种模式从进气-喷雾-混合气形成-燃烧的全过程.模拟结果表明,GDI发动机高压多孔喷嘴喷雾雾化明显,贯穿距离较长,进气过程中缸内形成强滚流促进燃油蒸发和油气混合;进气冲程单次喷射可在缸内点火之前形成较为均匀的混合气,进气和压缩冲程中进行两次喷射可在缸内点火之前形成火花塞附近较浓、周围较稀的分层混合气;在化学当量比条件下适当采用分层混合气燃烧,与均质混合气相比可以降低燃烧速度,从而减小最大爆发压力和压力升高率.计算结果有助于深入理解GDI发动机的工作过程,并为后续研究GDI燃烧控制策略提供了模拟计算平台.     

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of temperature fluctuations in a mixing tee with/without a porous medium

Temperature fluctuations in a mixing tee were simulated with and without a porous media in FLUENT using the LES turbulent flow model with the sub-grid scale (SGS) Smagorinsky–Lilly (SL) model with buoyancy. The normalized mean and fluctuating temperatures are used to describe the time-averaged temperatures and the time-averaged temperature fluctuation intensities. For the tee junction without the porous media, the predicted normalized mean temperature and temperature fluctuations compare well with previous experimental data. Comparison of the numerical results with the porous media with both experimental and numerical data without porous media shows that the porous media significantly reduces the temperature fluctuations. Moreover, analysis of the temperature fluctuations and the power spectrum densities (PSD) at the locations having the strongest temperature fluctuations in the tee junction shows that the porous media significantly reduces the thermal fatigue effects and can be useful in various structures such as tee junctions, elbows, piping systems.     

Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow in porous media

An LES (large eddy simulation) study was conducted using one of standard numerical models for a porous medium, namely, a flow through a periodic array of square cylinders. The LES results were processed to extract macroscopic results such as the macroscopic turbulent kinetic energy and the macroscopic pressure gradient. These macroscopic results are compared against those obtained using conventional models of turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate, so as to examine the validity of extending the conventional two equation models of turbulence to the flow in porous media. The spectrum of turbulence was also examined to appreciate the onset of turbulence.     

Flame propagation in aeronautical swirled multi-burners: Experimental and numerical investigation

Driven by pollutant emissions stringent regulations, engines manufacturers tend to reduce the number of injectors and rely on lean combustion which impacts the light-around phase of ignition. To improve knowledge of the ignition process occurring in real engines, current research combines fundamental and increasingly complex experiments with high fidelity numerical simulations. This work investigates the flame propagation, using a multi-injector experiment located at CORIA (France) in combination with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) obtained by CERFACS (France). The comparison of numerical fully transient ignition sequences with experimental data shows that LES recovers features found in the experiment. Global events such as the propagation of the flame front to neighboring swirlers are well captured by LES, with the correct propagation mode (spanwise or axial) and the correct overall ignition time delay. The detailed analysis of LES data allows to identify the driving mechanisms leading to each propagation mode.     

多孔介质对冷热流体横向射流混合过程热波动的影响

运用流固耦合方法建模,应用FLUENT计算软件平台对填充有多孔介质的T型连接方形管道内冷热流体横向射流混合过程的流动和热传递进行大涡模拟,采用了Smagorinsky-Lilly亚格子模型,获得了瞬时速度和温度分布.结果表明,填充多孔介质能够有效减少T型连接管道中冷热流体横向射流混合的温度和速度波动.固体骨架的导热率较...     

工程机械用欧Ⅱ柴油机的标定

在调整柴油机轨压与提前角的情况下,实测了柴油机气体和颗粒排放浓度,并对试验结果进行了分析。表明:增大提前角可以有效降低颗粒排放,但NOx增加;而增大轨压具有相同的效果,但是作用的程度不一致。将二者优化,取得颗粒、NOx、油耗的最佳匹配,并最终达到工程机械用欧II柴油机排放标准。     

船舶柴油机颗粒物排放法规及控制技术发展

介绍了国内外船舶柴油机颗粒物排放标准以及IMO黑炭新规的进展,指出:船舶柴油机颗粒物排放控制将成为船舶柴油机行业的重点研究方向之一;黑炭测量方法的研究非常迫切。介绍了可同时降低柴油机NO_x和颗粒物排放的SCRF技术(即将SCR催化剂涂覆在DPF上)。对高、中、低速船用柴油机排放颗粒粒径和数量浓度的分布特性进行了研究,并根据研究结果建议:在开发船用柴油机颗粒捕集器时,应根据颗粒粒径分布特性,适当调整过滤体微孔直径或增加再生频率。     

Performance and emission characteristics of CIE using hydrogen,biodiesel, and massive EGR

Hydrogen is considered as an excellent energy carrier and can be used in diesel engines that operate in dual fuel mode. Many studies have shown that biodiesel, which is sustainable, clean, and safe, a good alternative to fossil fuel. However, tests have confirmed that using biodiesel or hydrogen as a fuel or added fuel in compression ignition engines increases NOx concentrations. Cooled or hot exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) effectively controls the NOx outflows of diesel engines. However, this technique is restricted by high particulate matter PM emissions and the low thermal efficiency of diesel engines.In this study, gaseous hydrogen was added to the intake manifold of a diesel engine that uses biodiesel fuel as pilot fuel. The investigation was conducted under heavy-EGR conditions. An EGR system was modified to achieve the highest possible control on the EGR ratio and temperature. Hot EGR was recirculated directly from the engine exhaust to the intake manifold. A heat exchanger was utilized to maintain the temperature of the cooled EGR at 25 °C.The supplied hydrogen increased NOx concentrations in the exhaust gas emissions and high EGR rates reduced the brake thermal efficiency. The reduction in NOx emissions depended on the added hydrogen and the EGR ratios when compared with pure diesel combustion. Adding hydrogen to significant amounts of recycled exhaust gas reduced the CO, PM, and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions significantly. Results showed that using hydrogen and biodiesel increases engine noise, which is reduced by adding high levels of EGR.     

柴油机排气颗粒尺寸的研究综述

从柴油机排气颗粒物尺寸的定义和分类、测量微粒的仪器、测量微粒尺寸的影响因素、微粒尺寸分布特点和目前所面临的问题等几个方面介绍了当前柴油机排气颗粒物尺寸的研究状况及发展趋势。