一种兼顾黄酮提取的苎麻生物脱胶预处理方法

研究探讨了苎麻生物脱胶过程中回收利用黄酮的可行性及最佳工艺。结果表明,相对于从脱胶废液中回收黄酮,在脱胶前结合预处理过程回收黄酮更加高效、经济和简便。从苎麻韧皮中提取黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:液固比20∶1 m L/g,乙醇浓度70%,超声时间40 min。在该条件下,总黄酮提取得率达1.384%。随后的生物脱胶实验表明,乙醇-超声波提取黄酮的预处理方式,不但没有降低苎麻纤维的加工质量,而且将苎麻生物脱胶时间由19 h缩短至13 h。     

一种兼顾黄酮提取的苎麻生物脱胶预处理方法

研究探讨了苎麻生物脱胶过程中回收利用黄酮的可行性及最佳工艺。结果表明,相对于从脱胶废液中回收黄酮,在脱胶前结合预处理过程回收黄酮更加高效、经济和简便。从苎麻韧皮中提取黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:液固比20∶1 m L/g,乙醇浓度70%,超声时间40 min。在该条件下,总黄酮提取得率达1.384%。随后的生物脱胶实验表明,乙醇-超声波提取黄酮的预处理方式,不但没有降低苎麻纤维的加工质量,而且将苎麻生物脱胶时间由19 h缩短至13 h。     

氧化混凝法处理苎麻脱胶煮炼废水的试验研究

探讨了以Fenton试剂和石灰对苎麻脱胶煮炼废水进行氧化混凝处理的方法.试验表明,当FeSO4·7H20、H2O2(质量分数30%)、饱和石灰乳的投加量分别为3 g/L、3 mL/L和4 mL/L时,CODcr的去除率>50%,色度去除率>90%.更重要的是,处理后出水可部分回用于煮炼生产,从而节约生产用碱量,减少废水排放量,还可提高废水可生化性,为后续生物处理创造条件.该处理方法是一种清洁生产处理方法,具有较广阔的应用前景.     

高效棉纱（布）煮炼助剂研制成功

高效棉纱（布）煮炼助剂研制成功黎耀强在广西科委主持下，广西化纤研究所承担的《高效棉纱（布）煮炼助剂及其应用研究》项目于９６年１月１２日通过了自治区级鉴定。棉纱（布）煮炼工艺，过去大都比较繁锁，煮炼助剂品种多，操作复杂、工人劳动强度大而且成本高质量不稳...     

苎麻原麻/精干麻纤维及其复合材料

测试分析苎麻原麻、精干麻的基本性能，对比分析苎麻原麻、精干麻的不饱和树脂基复合材料的力学性能。结果表明，苎麻的果胶率对苎麻纤维增强复合材料的界面影响很大，果胶含量高，复合材料的机械性能差。同时。现有的脱胶工艺对苎麻纤维强力损伤很大，需改进。     

柞蚕茧脱胶工艺的研究

为改进制丝企业脱胶工艺,建立沸水、碳酸钠、酒石酸、中性皂、2709碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶脱胶6种脱胶方法,通过单因素试验确定碳酸钠脱胶为最佳脱胶方法,其最优脱胶条件为浴比为1∶100,温度98～100℃,脱胶时间5 h。同时,通过与企业脱胶方法的对比试验,确定在企业脱胶中,由于加入丝光皂和玻璃水,导致脱胶后废水颜色深,色度大。综合考虑,从脱胶效率角度推荐使用碳酸钠脱胶方法,从试剂环保角度推荐使用木瓜酶脱胶法。     

苎麻脱胶废水处理现状及发展趋势

随着苎麻纺织工业的发展,苎麻脱胶废水已成为纺织行业主要污染源之一。本文分析介绍了脱胶废水的处理现状及处理方法,并对好氧及厌氧法进行了技术经济比较。提出对脱胶废水必须实行综合治理的方针,并指出今后有待研究解决的几个问题。     

山桐子油脱胶工艺研究

文章比较了不同脱胶剂对山桐子油脱胶效果的影响,重点研究了磷酸法脱胶工艺,研究结果表明:适宜的脱胶工艺为反应温度80℃,搅拌15 min,脱酸剂用量为1.2%,本试验中搅拌速度对脱胶效果没有影响;山桐子油中以非水化磷脂为主,磷脂酸与溶血磷脂酸钙镁盐在毛油中所占比例相当。     

表面活性剂在亚麻化学脱胶中的作用研究

本文报道了不同类型表面活性剂复配研制成的性能优良的油纤兼用亚麻化学脱胶助剂，对降低脱胶成本、简化工艺、提高纤维质量起着重要作用。实验结果阐明了表面活性剂结构与纤维润湿性能、溶液表面活性增强的关系。     

化学脱胶法提取桑树皮纤维工艺优选及性能测定

介绍化学脱胶法提取桑树皮纤维的工艺过程,选取对化学脱胶工艺影响较大的氢氧化钠的用量、双氧水的用量、煮漂温度和煮漂时间四个主要因素进行正交实验设计,通过实验测定了脱胶后桑树皮纤维的残胶率,并对结果进行分析,得到化学脱胶法提取桑树皮纤维的最佳工艺条件：NaOH用量为10 g/L,H₂O₂的用量为30 mL/L,温度为90℃,时间为90 min。经显微摄影发现,脱胶后的桑树皮纤维形态结态为纵向有深浅不一的沟槽,并有横节;耐碱和弱酸,不耐强酸;在标准状态下的回潮率为7.81%,吸湿性好;断裂强度为5.65 cN/dtex,断裂强度伸长率为6.76%,能满足纺织加工对纤维材料的要求。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.