氧化铝包覆二硫化钼复合粉体的制备与表征

通过Al(NO3)3·9H2O水解,利用非均匀成核方法制备了MoS2/Al2O3的复合粉体,对复合粉体制备的工艺条件进行了研究,并利用SEM/EDS、TEM、XRD等方法对样品进行表征.结果表明:Al3+浓度、pH值、反应温度及滴定速度是影响包覆效果的主要因素,制备MoS2/Al2O3复合粉体的最佳工艺条件是Al3+浓...     

氧化锆包覆石墨复合粉体的制备

通过氯氧锆的水解,利用非均相成核的方法在天然鳞片石墨表面包覆水合氧化锆制备了氧化锆包覆石墨复合粉体.对复合粉体进行了形貌观察、结构分析、与水的润湿性及表面电位测定.研究结果表明,在石墨表面形成了较为均匀的氧化锆包覆层,所包覆的氧化锆为无定形,氧化锆包覆石墨复合粉体与水具有良好的润湿性,其表面特性与氧化锆相似.     

纳米氧化锌表面包覆氧化铝复合粉体制备及其光催化活性

在制备ZnO的前驱物 ? 碱式碳酸锌的过程中原位包覆Al2O3，与在ZnO粉体表面包覆的传统工艺相比减少了多次引起粒子团聚的工艺过程，改善了包覆效果. TEM观察表明，包覆的ZnO复合粉体粒径为50 nm左右、包覆层厚为3~5 nm. XPS分析表明，包覆层为Al2O3和ZnO. 光催化活性的测试表明，包覆后的纳米ZnO光催化活性得到了明显降低. 包覆后的纳米ZnO紫外线吸收性能与未包覆的纳米ZnO基本相同，保证了其优异的紫外吸收性能.     

Al2O3/SiCp纳米复合材料化学制备工艺研究

化学工艺是剪裁和控制陶瓷材料显微结构最有效的手段之一。为此详细研究了Al2O3/SiCp纳米复合材料的化学制备工艺,利用非均匀成核法在纳粹SiC粒子表面包覆一层Al（OH）3后,其等电点IEP由pH=3.4移至pH7.5,表现出类似Al2O3的胶态特性,在pH＝4．5－5．0之间,包覆型SiC与Al2O3荷电性相同,通过胶态悬浮液混合,将包覆型纳米SiC均匀分散于Al2O3基体中,最后,在不加任何分散剂的条件下,制备出高固相、低粘度的包覆型SiC－Al2O3水基浆料,并成功利用凝胶注模型成型（gelcasting）工艺,制备出显微结构均匀的Al2O3/SiCp纳米复合陶瓷材料素坯。     

分散剂对二硼化锆粉体分散稳定性的影响

通过共沉淀法获得包覆式Al2O3-Y2O3/ZrB2复合粉体并对其进行放电等离子烧结来改善ZrB2陶瓷的烧结致密度和高温抗氧化能力.为了得到很好的包覆效果,在包覆过程中,必须使得ZrB2粉体颗粒具有较好的分散稳定性.主要研究分散剂对二硼化锆粉体在水溶液中的分散稳定性影响.通过研究表明:分散剂为聚甲基丙烯酸铵(PMAA),并且当它的含量为2vol%时可以得到分散稳定性较好的二硼化锆溶浆,为改善合成更好包覆效果的包覆式Al2O3-Y2O3/ZrB2复合粉体奠定基础.     

硬脂酸对纳米Al2O3的有机表面修饰研究

为提高纳米α-Al2O3粒子在有机体系中的分散性和相容性,对纳米α-Al2O3进行了有机表面改性.首先制备了纳米α-Al2O3水分散液,然后把纳米Al2O3水分散液转移到溶有硬脂酸的正丁醇溶液中,升温到一定温度,将纳米Al2O3浆体中的水分蒸馏出去,使纳米Al2O3在有机相中进行表面改性,使得纳米Al2O3有机表面改性和防团聚处理一步完成,得到了团聚程度较小的纳米Al2O3粉体.采用红外光谱(IR)、热分析(TG-DTA)、透射电镜(TEM)、润湿性实验、分散性实验等手段对表面改性前后的纳米Al2O3进行表征.红外光谱和TEM表明,在纳米Al2O3表面包覆有硬脂酸的有机层,并且可能有硬脂酸铝的生成.热分析显示,包覆量约为16.7%.润湿性实验及分散性实验表明,经硬脂酸改性的纳米Al2O3的表面性质由亲水变为疏水.     

马来酸酐表面包覆SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+发光粉及其耐水性能

以马来酸酐为原料,采用界面配位化学法制备出表面包覆有马来酸酐的SrAl2O4:Eu2 ,Dy3 发光复合粉体.运用酸度计测量复合粉体在水中的pH值.通过配位多面体生长基元理论确定包覆的关键因素是溶剂、反应温度、溶液pH及反应时间,探讨了这些参数对包覆后发光粉耐水性能的影响.结果表明:优化的包覆条件为:以氯仿为溶剂,反应温度为(35±5)℃,溶液pH=8.5,反应时间为6 h.在此条件下,在SrAl2O4:Eu2 , Dy3 表面易于形成均匀致密连续的马来酸酐膜层,而且,复合粉体的耐水性能最优.     

镍铁氧体/粉煤灰空心微珠复合粉体的制备及电磁性能

利用柠檬酸–硝酸盐溶胶–凝胶自蔓延燃烧法,在室温下制备了以粉煤灰空心微珠为基核、以镍铁氧体为包覆壳体的复合粉体,分析了复合粉体的物相、形貌、表面成分与电磁参数,探讨了复合粉体的形成机理。研究表明,自蔓延燃烧过程中,镍铁氧体通过非均匀成核方式在空心微珠表面成核、生长、延展,最终形成完整包覆层。自燃烧复合粉体包覆层含有少量Fe Ni3相,经900℃热处理后消失。由于包覆层物相、结构及基核间的微小区别,使得在2~18 GHz,自燃烧复合粉体的介电常数、磁导率与热处理复合粉体存在一定差异。     

Al2O3/Fe纳米复合粉体的制备及其陶瓷的性能研究

以纳米α-Al2O3和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O为原料,采用非均相沉淀法制备了Fe包裹Al2O3的纳米复合粉体.经XRD、SEM分析发现:复合粉体前驱体经500 ℃焙烧,在H2中700 ℃还原可以得到纳米Fe包裹Al2O3的纳米复合粉体.粉体分散良好,Al2O3表面的纳米Fe粒子呈非连续状态,颗粒为球形,尺寸为30 nm左右,分布均匀.将复合粉体在热压下(30 MPa)烧结获得Al2O3/Fe复合陶瓷,当加入5mol%Fe时,陶瓷的热压烧结温度比单相Al2O3陶瓷降低将近100 ℃.含量为10mol%Fe的陶瓷样品在1500 ℃热压烧结后,断裂韧性可达到5.62 MPa,与相同条件下烧结的单相Al2O3陶瓷(KIc=3.57 MPa)相比提高了近57%.     

ZrO2和Ni复合掺杂对Al2O3陶瓷结构及性能的影响

利用非均相沉淀包覆-热还原工艺制备粒径分布均匀、表面光滑的球形Al2O3/ZrO2/Ni,Al2O3/Ni,Al2O3/ZrO2复合结构粉体,再经真空热压烧结得到相应的复合陶瓷.通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜对前躯体、热还原粉体及烧结陶瓷的成分及结构进行了表征,并对陶瓷的力学性能、介电常数进行了检测和分析.实验结果表明:金属Ni的引入抑制了Al2O3的致密化,细化了晶粒,强化了氧化铝晶界,使氧化铝发生穿晶断裂而起到增韧效果;ZrO2对Al2O3陶瓷致密化及细化晶粒作用不明显,但通过相变增韧或形成弱界面起到了较好的增韧作用;Al2O3/ZrO2/Ni复合材料的断裂韧性增加值并未高于Al2O3/Ni和Al2O3/ZrO2 2种复合材料断裂韧性增加值之和,但增强了空间电荷的极化,使复合材料具有较高的介电常数.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.