催化热处理对MCMB作为锂离子电池负极材料电化学性能的影响

用硝酸铁(Fe(NO3)3·9H2O)浸渍MCMB生球,在1 500℃下进行催化热处理.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、恒流充放电、电化学交流阻抗等对样品进行测试和表征.结果表明,经催化热处理的MCMB表面碳层石墨化程度提高,处理后的MCMB在0.2 mA/cm2电流密度下的首次可逆容量从相同温度下直接炭化样品的146mA·h/g提高至233 mA·h/g,第30次循环放电容量与第1次循环放电容量的比值从68%提高至100%.交流阻抗结果显示,适量添加硝酸铁可以有效降低SEI膜(固体电解质膜)电阻及电极反应电荷传递电阻,有效地提高电极的电化学性能.     

煤系腐植酸基炭/葡萄糖/石墨复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用石墨化炉对腐植酸进行石墨化处理,以腐植酸基石墨化材料为原料,葡萄糖和片状石墨为中间相,经高温(750℃)炭化处理制备煤系腐植酸基炭/葡萄糖/石墨复合材料;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)法和电化学测试系统对该材料的形貌、微晶结构和电化学性能进行表征.结果表明:片状石墨分散在腐植酸基石墨化材料周围,且被无定型炭包覆.C-C-2复合材料作为锂离子电池的负极材料,具有较高的比容量,在0.1C倍率下的首次可逆比容量为307.3mA·h/g,首次库仑效率为76.3%;在1C和2C倍率下,50个充放电循环后,可逆比容量分别为283.3mA·h/g和152.2mA·h/g,容量保持率分别高达97.9%和97.5%;具有良好的循环稳定性及大倍率性能.     

热处理对锂离子电池硅/石墨/炭负极电化学性能的影响

将天然石墨、酚醛树脂和微米级硅粉进行球磨处理制备复合材料前驱物,再于N2气氛下700℃炭化得到硅/石墨/炭(Si/G/C)复合电极材料,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜及电化学循环充放电对其形貌、结构及其电化学性能进行表征.结果表明,Si/G/C作为锂离子电池负极材料具有高于900 mA·h/g的可逆比容量,40次循环后保持在550 mA·h/g.对电极进行热处理后,其循环性能显著提高,40次循环后比容量保持在700 mA· h/g.扫描电镜分析结果显示,热处理后集流体上电极材料分布更均匀,因涂抹不均形成的空隙不复存在.热处理后电极结构更致密、内部黏结强度增大使其结构稳定性明显提升,是电极循环性能提高的主要原因.     

煤基软炭锂离子电池负极材料的低温性能研究北大核心

以煤系针状焦为原料,经1 100℃氮气保护烧结处理制得锂离子电池负极材料。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对所制备的材料进行了结构表征,制得材料的石墨化程度不高,具有无序结构,材料的层间距较大,材料的比表面积较小。采用恒流充放电测试分别对样品在不同温度下的电化学性能进行了测试。与市售人造石墨样品相比,所制备样品的低温性能优异,在-20℃时的0.2 C的放电容量可达到122.5 m A·h/g,而市售人造石墨的放电容量仅为55.7 m A·h/g。     

煤基软炭锂离子电池负极材料的低温性能研究

以煤系针状焦为原料,经1 100℃氮气保护烧结处理制得锂离子电池负极材料。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪对所制备的材料进行了结构表征,制得材料的石墨化程度不高,具有无序结构,材料的层间距较大,材料的比表面积较小。采用恒流充放电测试分别对样品在不同温度下的电化学性能进行了测试。与市售人造石墨样品相比,所制备样品的低温性能优异,在-20℃时的0.2 C的放电容量可达到122.5 m A·h/g,而市售人造石墨的放电容量仅为55.7 m A·h/g。     

烧结温度对Fe(OH)3胶体制备Fe2O3材料储锂性能的影响

以Fe(OH)_3胶体为铁源,探索了一步烧结法制备二维片状结构Fe_2O_3电极材料,考察了烧结温度(400、500、600和700℃)对材料微观结构和储锂性能的影响。结果表明:400℃烧结的样品为α-Fe_2O_3/Fe_3O_4复合材料,其他温度烧结得到的是纯的α-Fe_2O_3;随着烧结温度的升高,组成片状结构致密相连的不规则颗粒逐渐分离,二维片状结构接近坍塌。电化学性能研究发现:500℃下得到的样品电极具有相对较好的储锂性能,在1 A/g的电流密度下循环450圈后放电比容量达628.6 mA·h/g,当电流密度为4 A/g时,放电比容量仍有352.3 mA·h/g。动力学及电极稳定性分析发现,500℃烧结的样品Li~+扩散系数最大(还原峰和氧化峰对应的扩散系数值分别为:1.57×10~(–13)和4.60×10~(–13) cm~2/s),充放电循环过程中结构稳定性最好。     

威宁无烟煤基石墨制备及其电化学性能研究

以贵州威宁无烟煤为原料，通过物理提纯可制备低灰(1.60%)无烟煤，探究了不同石墨化温度对无烟煤基石墨微观结构的影响，并进一步考察了威宁无烟煤石墨化样品用作锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。研究表明：随热处理终温的升高，煤基石墨样品石墨化度和石墨晶体结构有序度逐渐提高，在2 800℃下所得煤基石墨石墨化度可达96.99%。煤基石墨的首次可逆容量和库伦效率随石墨化终温升高而逐渐提高，煤基石墨WN-2800在0.1C(1C=372 mAh/g)电流密度下首次可逆容量和库伦效率分别可达293.5 mAh/g、86.8%。煤基石墨WN-2800在1C电流密度下经过100次循环后，可逆容量为241.0 mAh/g,且库伦效率始终接近100%。煤基石墨WN-2800表现出较优异的综合电化学性能。本研究表明，威宁无烟煤可作为制备高性能煤基人造石墨的优质原料。     

石墨化温度对人造石墨微观结构及电化学性能的影响

以油系针状焦为原料，在1 500～3 000℃范围内，探索不同石墨化温度对二次颗粒石墨微晶层间距d₀₀₂、微晶堆砌厚度L_c和微晶基面宽度L_a等微观结构的演变，揭示了碳原子从二维无序到三维有序排列的规律。研究结果表明：随着石墨化温度的升高，石墨微晶层间距逐渐减小，晶粒尺寸变大，同时石墨微晶的d₀₀₂与L_a的倒数具有一定的线性关系；同时研究了不同石墨化温度对二次颗粒电化学性能的影响，二次颗粒的首次比容量、首次效率及真密度随石墨化温度的升高而增加；温度在2500℃及以上时，充放电曲线呈U型且存在稳定的电压平台；石墨化温度在3 000℃时，油系针状焦的首次比容量和首次库伦效率分别可达343 mAh/g、94.7%。     

用于钠离子电池的热解氢化无烟煤负极材料（英文）

无烟煤成本低廉，在储能领域具有较大应用潜力，但原始无烟煤作为钠离子电池负极材料可逆容量太低。在不同温度下对无烟煤进行煅烧处理。结果显示，无烟煤1 300℃热解产物(A-1300)具有最高可逆总量，在20m A/g电流密度下容量为307 mA·h/g，但其倍率性能不佳，500 mA/g时A-1300的容量仅为105 mA·h/g。通过氢化-热解两步策略不仅能降低热解温度，也可显著改善其倍率性能。结果表明：氢化后的无烟煤更易石墨化，900℃热解产物(H300-3-900)在500 mA/g电流密度下循环500圈后的容量可达113 mA·h/g，表现出优异的倍率性能，而且低温制备更易商业化。     

微波辅助溶胶-凝胶法合成锂离子电池负极材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12)

以微波辅助溶胶-凝胶法合成Li4Ti5O12、Al或C掺杂的Li4Ti5O12样品。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分别表征所得产物的结构和形貌,研究不同样品在恒流充放电条件下的电化学性能。结果表明:合成Li4Ti5O12粉体的最佳微波处理条件为800℃、40min;微波热处理合成样品颗粒尺寸为100nm左右,掺Al或C样品颗粒的分散性要优于未掺样品的。首次充放电结果表明:所有样品的放电平台平稳,掺Al或C样品的首次放电容量均高于未掺样品的,掺C样品的首次放电容量为162mA·h/g,更接近Li4Ti5O12的理论容量(175mA·h/g)。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。